Aromatic compound can be sulfonated directly with SO3 in commercially available continuous and batch equipment.
Conventionally sulfonation is done by sulphuric acid or oleum. But with SO3 sulfonation process has the following
advantages. It is more direct and considerably faster than the present process. It requires fewer man hours and,
therefore, is more economical. Conditions can be varied to give a wide range of products having different solubility
characteristics and combined SO3 content. Since the reaction, batch or continuous, is stoichiometric, no waste
products are formed, thus eliminating any pollution problems.
In sulfonation processes sulfur trioxide is vaporized and is brought into contact with the aromatic compound in the
presence of a gaseous diluent such as air, nitrogen or an inert hydrocarbon. It has been thought necessary to utilize
such diluent carrier gases to reduce the intensity of the reaction between the sulfur trioxide and the material being
sulfated and thereby suppress unwanted side reactions. The purpose of admixing the sulfur trioxide vapour with a
diluent gas is to reduce the partial pressure of the sulfur trioxide, so that the chance of a single molecule of the
material being sulfated or sulfonated contacting several molecules of Sulfur trioxide is reduced. Aromatic compound
is sulfonated by sulfur trioxide in sulfonation reactor.
Aromatic compound can be sulfonated directly with SO3 in commercially available continuous and batch equipment.
Conventionally sulfonation is done by sulphuric acid or oleum. But with SO3 sulfonation process has the following
advantages. It is more direct and considerably faster than the present process. It requires fewer man hours and,
therefore, is more economical. Conditions can be varied to give a wide range of products having different solubility
characteristics and combined SO3 content. Since the reaction, batch or continuous, is stoichiometric, no waste
products are formed, thus eliminating any pollution problems.
In sulfonation processes sulfur trioxide is vaporized and is brought into contact with the aromatic compound in the
presence of a gaseous diluent such as air, nitrogen or an inert hydrocarbon. It has been thought necessary to utilize
such diluent carrier gases to reduce the intensity of the reaction between the sulfur trioxide and the material being
sulfated and thereby suppress unwanted side reactions. The purpose of admixing the sulfur trioxide vapour with a
diluent gas is to reduce the partial pressure of the sulfur trioxide, so that the chance of a single molecule of the
material being sulfated or sulfonated contacting several molecules of Sulfur trioxide is reduced. Aromatic compound
is sulfonated by sulfur trioxide in sulfonation reactor.
A brief summary of Water System in pharmaceuticals including its production and distribution with regulatory and qualification requirements. This presentation gives a basic layout to non-engineering people a basic understanding of Water System in Pharmaceutical.
In this presentation, we tried to cover all the information regarding Reverse Osmosis technology. We have discussed its different types, major parts of Reverse Osmosis i.e Activated Carbon Bed, Ion Exchange Unit, Cartridge Filter and then at the end design steps of Reverse Osmosis.
Details about Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) with solved examples. Extra examples are given for homework. You can contact me for details on pratik1516@gmail.com.
Operation & maintenance aspects of a Water treatment plant.Home
Operation and maintenance of a treatment plant is task. This is done to expand the life time of the treatment plant. So its necessary to keep the water treatment plant with a good look after on the hand of operation and also in maintenance both simultaneously. The given slides show some operation and maintenance processes to carry out a water treatment plant.
Control Loop Foundation - Batch And Continous ProcessesEmerson Exchange
This presentation, by Emerson's Terry Blevins and Mark Nixon, is a guide for engineers, managers, technicians, and others that are new to process control or experienced control engineers who are unfamiliar with multi-loop control techniques.
Their book is available in the ISA Bookstore at: http://emrsn.co/1E
Reverse Osmosis module design and engineering emerged with membrane technology
evolution. In order to understand module design, first membrane configuration needs to be
explored, since the module design is always tailored according to the membrane
characteristics. There is a significant difference between membrane chemistries (most
important ones being cellulose acetate and thin film composite with polyamide barrier
layer), and more importantly, between the different membrane configurations (hollow fine
fiber and flat sheet). Therefore, before looking into detail on the module configuration, the
membrane development needs to be considered.
42CT Ducted Chilled Water Fan Coil Unit for Standard Chiller and District Coo...Carrier Singapore
Carrier room fan coil terminals provide unsurpassed year round comfort, with high cooling performance. Carrier 42 series terminal requires very little space and is easy to install. Piping, drain and wiring connections are readily accessible to save installation time and field labor expense.
A brief summary of Water System in pharmaceuticals including its production and distribution with regulatory and qualification requirements. This presentation gives a basic layout to non-engineering people a basic understanding of Water System in Pharmaceutical.
In this presentation, we tried to cover all the information regarding Reverse Osmosis technology. We have discussed its different types, major parts of Reverse Osmosis i.e Activated Carbon Bed, Ion Exchange Unit, Cartridge Filter and then at the end design steps of Reverse Osmosis.
Details about Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) with solved examples. Extra examples are given for homework. You can contact me for details on pratik1516@gmail.com.
Operation & maintenance aspects of a Water treatment plant.Home
Operation and maintenance of a treatment plant is task. This is done to expand the life time of the treatment plant. So its necessary to keep the water treatment plant with a good look after on the hand of operation and also in maintenance both simultaneously. The given slides show some operation and maintenance processes to carry out a water treatment plant.
Control Loop Foundation - Batch And Continous ProcessesEmerson Exchange
This presentation, by Emerson's Terry Blevins and Mark Nixon, is a guide for engineers, managers, technicians, and others that are new to process control or experienced control engineers who are unfamiliar with multi-loop control techniques.
Their book is available in the ISA Bookstore at: http://emrsn.co/1E
Reverse Osmosis module design and engineering emerged with membrane technology
evolution. In order to understand module design, first membrane configuration needs to be
explored, since the module design is always tailored according to the membrane
characteristics. There is a significant difference between membrane chemistries (most
important ones being cellulose acetate and thin film composite with polyamide barrier
layer), and more importantly, between the different membrane configurations (hollow fine
fiber and flat sheet). Therefore, before looking into detail on the module configuration, the
membrane development needs to be considered.
42CT Ducted Chilled Water Fan Coil Unit for Standard Chiller and District Coo...Carrier Singapore
Carrier room fan coil terminals provide unsurpassed year round comfort, with high cooling performance. Carrier 42 series terminal requires very little space and is easy to install. Piping, drain and wiring connections are readily accessible to save installation time and field labor expense.
Short power point showing wet well mounted pump station attributes. Smith & Loveless built a trailer with this station on it and we are traveling around the province showing it to many operators and consultants.
A comprehensive approach to tank design and tank equipment selectionMohieddin Hadidi
Tank design consideration to achieve safety;reduce risk of unplanned maintenance;ensuring working capacity and maintenance.
benefits of a fixed roof over your floating roof.
Common questions about full-contact roofs.
illustration of tank components.
tight-fitting seals
Utilizing Tubular UF Membrane Filtration for Wastewater ReuseBerghof Membranes
Water is a valuable asset to any industry. Implementing an efficient wastewater reuse and treatment system will lower the dependency on fresh water sources.
Severe Service Control & Isolation Valves in the Refining IndustryCTi Controltech
Mogas Industries manufactures a line of industrial ball valves specifically designed for the most demanding applications, including extremes of temperature, pressure, abrasive particulates, acidic products, heavy solids build-up, and large pressure differential. The Mogas valves are designed to provide sufficient levels of safety and performance where the results of failure can be catastrophic. Specialty modifications also provide noise reduction and velocity control. The presentation illustrates and explains the special features needed to accommodate the world's most demanding valve applications, as well as providing process schematics for numerous industrial applications that show how the valves are used.
5. Title Text
inge membranes – hollow fiber
BackwashFiltration
Feed Water
Filtrate Filtrate
Sewage Water
In-to-out Filtration
6. Title Text
inge membranes – why in-out filtration?
BackwashFiltration
Feed Water
Filtrate Filtrate
Sewage Water
In-to-out Filtration uniform backwash flow along fiber
defined way out for contaminants
no pressurized air needed for
backwash
• very good membrane cleanibility
• low OPEX for chemicals
• no additional equipment (air
blowers)
Customer Benefit
high backwash fluxes possible
7. Title Text
inge Membranes – Multibore®
7 single capillaries combined into one fiber
superior mechanical fiber strength
elimination of fiber breakages
full protection against biological contamination of
filtrate
full protection of following treatment steps (RO)
• Standard 5 years product warranty on fiber breaks
• Maximum operating safety
• Better economics – no fiber repairs, longer membrane life time
Customer Benefit
8. Title Text
inge Membranes – Material
PESM – Modified Polyethersulphone
hydrophilic
chlorine tolerant, 200,000 ppmh
high pH–range, 1-13
non-biodegradable
made from one material in one process step – no de-lamination
• low fouling tendency
• very efficient cleanability with standard chemicals
• long life time
• low OPEX
Customer Benefit
9. Title Text
inge Membranes – dimensions
Multibore 0.9 mm (MB 0.9) Multibore 1.5 mm (MB 1.5)
4.0 mm
0.9 mm
6.0 mm
1.5 mm
Fiber length variable – depending on module size
< TSS 50 mg/l >0 mg/l 200 mg/l
10. Title Text
inge Membranes – water flow in cross section
Supporting structure
filtration layer
Water flow during filtration
11. Title Text
inge Membranes – Close up & Pore Sizes
0.02 μm 10 μm 2 μm
Separation Layer
Spongy Support Structure
Outer Layer
support structure and outer layer
offer no flow resistance compared
with separation layer
central capillary works as well as
other capillaries – almost no pressure
loss for filtrate water on the way out
compared with separation layer
12. Title Text
inge Modules – standard dizzer XL series
dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 W
Industrial & municipal plants
dizzer XL 0.9 MB 38 W Pilot Plants / Height restricted
Plants
dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 W
dizzer XL 0.9 MB 38 W
dizzer XL 1.5 MB 40 W
dizzer XL 1.5 MB 25 W
dizzer XL 1.5 MB 40 W
dizzer XL 1.5 MB 25 W
Modules for large scale application
13. Title Text
inge Modules / elements – dizzer P series
dizzer P 4040-6.0
Point-of-Entry
Containerized Plants
Point-of-Use /
Point-of-Entry
dizzer P 4040-4.0
dizzer P 4021-2.5
dizzer P 4021-1.8
dizzer P 2521-1.0
dizzer P 2521-0.5
2.5” dizzer P
elements
4” dizzer P
elements
Modules for small scale application
14. Title Text
inge Modules – standard R & D modules
for cost efficient small scale pilot/research plants
feasibility studies in difficult/non-water applications
1)
outer diameter of pipe in mm; material PVC-U
15. Title Text
inge Modules – tailor made modules
domestic installations
water suspenders
specific applications
replacement of competitor modules
Individual Batch Production
Project specific Production
16. Title Text
inge Modules – specification dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 / 38 W
60 m² / 38 m² for dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 / 38 W
17. Title Text
inge Modules – specification dizzer XL 1.5 MB 40 / 25
40 m² / 25 m² for dizzer XL 1.5 MB 40 / 25 W
18. Title Text
inge Modules – technical data
*
*
*
* Specification apply to common operating conditions.
19. Title Text
inge Modules – assembly dizzer XL
Feed
Filtrate
Fibers
Endcap
Endcap
Epoxy Resin
Epoxy Resin
Shell
(Feed)
Feed Port
Filtrate Port
Feed Port
Stainless
Steel Clamp
20. Title Text
inge Modules – General Features
vertical installation
integrated pressure housings complete
with endcaps and connecting ports
individual modules
• complete de-aeration of system, no water
hammers due to entrapped air
• no additional equipment necessary
• easy access for maintenance
• saving on civil works costs
Customer Benefit
allows footprint saving design
22. Title Text
inge Modules – cut-off module body
perforated distribution pipe – eccentric position
Annular gap
non perforated section - deflector for backwash water distribution
23. Title Text
inge Modules – operating modes
Feed
Feed
Filtrate
Filtration Bottom
Filtration Top
Backwash Bottom
Backwash Top
Forward Flush Top
Forward Flush Bottom
Cross Flow
Combined Cross Flow and Backwash
• high operating flexibility
• modules highly adjustable to varying water qualities
• very high operating safety
Customer Benefit
24. Title Text
inge Modules – typical operating sequence
Filtration
Bottom
Backwash
Bottom
Filtration
Top
Backwash
Top
Alternating Feed
• improved flow distribution along module
• less irreversible fouling
• less (chemical) cleanings, longer life time
Customer Benefit
25. Title Text
inge Modules – cross sectional flow
r
A n n u la r G a p
C e n t r a l c o r e tu b e
F lu x
M o d u le
c e n t r e
Filtration Mode Backwash Mode
Radial Flux Distribution
filtrate collection in annular gap
backwash through annular gap from outer
module area to module centre
uniform flux across module – water flow and
membrane area decrease towards the centre
• very efficient and uniform cleaning across
module diameter
• reduced cleaning frequency, less CEBs
• longer life time
Customer Benefit
hydrodynamically optimized design
26. Title Text
inge Modules – other features
all ports on one side
transparent feed ports
no o-rings between feed and filtrate
• simple connecting piping design
• reduced rack height
• simple module mounting
• easy detection of defect modules
• no filtrate contamination through
leaking seals
• guaranteed quality
Customer Benefit
all large modules tested on permeability
and integrity
27. Title Text
inge T-rack – Starting point Customer
Pumps, Instrumentation,
PLC, Tanks etc.
62%
UF Modules
28%
Conventional
UF-Rack
10%
Rack design and manufacturing usually
not customer’s core competence
Rack production either out-sourced or
in-house production
Tie-up of purchasing and engineering
resources
No economies of scale in rack
production
28. Title Text
inge T-Rack – Starting point conventional UF-rack
Elaborate manufacturing of collectors –
alignment of ports critical
Use of expensive stainless steel for
collectors for accuracy reasons
Tension-free module installation difficult
because port alignment not 100%
Frame necessary
Footprint not optimized
29. Title Text
inge T-Rack vario – main features
modular, standardized design
- economies of scale
extremely compact design
integrated module – rack design
one stop solution
plug’n play assembly at site
easily scalable
operation of each row as separate
filtration line possible
30. Title Text
inge T-Rack – modular, standardized design
standard dizzer XL modules
all other parts standardized and
manufactured in serial production
all headers with same nominal diameter
all flange connections are mounted at the
same level
• capital cost savings - economies of
scale
• tailor made UF package
• can be extended later on
Customer Benefit
31. Title Text
inge T-Rack – modular standardized design
TR 4-2-V TR 40-2-V
2-row Configuration
TR–24–2–V
number of rows
number of dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 W modules
Vario
T-Rack unit
32. Title Text
inge T-Rack – modular, standardized design
4-row Configuration
TR 80-4-V
consisting of:
4 x TR 20-2-V
TR-16-4-V
33. Title Text
inge T-Rack – modular, standardized design
Maximum feed header length designed
for 12 modules
Maximum module number in one
T-rack is 80 modules
Maximum module number in one single
T-rack is 24 modules
T-racks with more than 24 modules consist
of various T-rack units which are connected
by flanges
34. Title Text
inge T-Rack – material and dimensions
Self supporting structure
Piping made completely from PVC
all headers with same nominal diameter
160mm OD
• no expensive stainless steel
• reduced capital cost
• hydrodynamically optimized T-rack design
Customer Benefit
36. Title Text
inge T-Rack – material and dimensions (II)
Sample ConfigurationTR-80-4
consisting of 4x TR-20-2-V
37. Title Text
inge T-Rack – extremely compact design
• cost savings in civil
works
• cost savings in piping
Customer Benefit
footprint savings of
up to 60%
38. Title Text
inge T-Rack – complete engineering package
AutoCAD / Step drawings
for implementation in
layout drawings
T-Rack specific
operating manual
• no rack engineering
Customer Benefit
39. Title Text
inge T-Rack – simple on-site assembly
simple installation
reduced transport cost
and risk of damage by
shipping components
rather than complete
racks
• reduced commissioning
cost
• reduced transport cost
Customer Benefit
40. Title Text
inge T-Rack – Testing
6 months testing period
hydraulic performance
chemicals distribution
• proven product at market
introduction
• optimized operating costs
Customer Benefit
mechanical durability
41. Title Text
inge Products – Summary USP
Multibore Fiber
– superior mechanical strength
Dizzer Modules
- hydrodynamically optimized annular gap design
T-Rack
- integrated module-rack one-stop solution
Unique Selling Points in all Product Lines
Significant reduction in capital and operating costs
through innovative UF technology made by inge
Customer Benefit