This document discusses different types of language processors: assemblers, interpreters, and compilers. It provides details on each type and their functions. The document also describes the compilation process, which occurs in two phases: analysis and code generation. Analysis includes lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and producing symbol tables and parse trees. Code generation takes the intermediate code from analysis and produces the object program code. Optimization aims to improve the efficiency of the generated code.

1. PROCESSOR
Lesson 4
MANOLO L. GIRON
RMTU
Structure of Programming Language

2. TYPES OF LANGUAGE PROCESSOR
• 1.) ASSEMBLER
Is a translator program that translates assembly language to machine language.
• 2.) INTERPRETER
A type of language processor that operates one instruction at a time, translating a high-level language statement
and executing immediately.
Generally run more slowly than compiled programs.
• 3.) COMPILER
Is a translator program, which transforms a source program, composed of high-level language statement into an
object program consisting of machine-language executable code.
Structure of Programming Language

3. Compilation Occurs in 2 Broad Phases
1. Decomposes the source program into small identifiable units and analyzes
it for syntactical accuracy.
2. Takes the machine-code modules associated with the basic units identified
in the 1st phase and uses them to compose the object program.
Structure of Programming Language

4. THE COMPILE PROCESS
• SOURCE PROGRAM ANALYSIS
• LEXICAL ANALYSIS
• TOKENS
• SYMBOL TABLES
• SYSNTACTIC ANALYSIS
• PARSE TREE/ SYNTAX TREE
• ERROR HANDLER
• OPTIMIZATION
Structure of Programming Language

5. SOURCE PROGRAM ANALYSIS
• The first phase of the compile process encompasses the lexical analysis and
the syntactic analysis, producing the symbol table and intermediate
(assembly-level) code.
Structure of Programming Language

6. LEXICAL ANALYSIS
• Is concerned with the actual text of the program, which is considered to be a
meaningful sequence of characters.
Structure of Programming Language

7. TOKENS
• Separate pieces of programs.
• Are the basic symbols used by the program: identifiers, operators,
punctuation, language keywords, constants.
Structure of Programming Language

8. SYMBOL TABLES
• Also called the dictionary.
• Map program symbols such as variables with their properties such types, size,
and relative location.
Structure of Programming Language

9. SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS
• Is concerned with identifying the logical structure of the program in
accordance with the rules of grammar governing the high level language.
Structure of Programming Language

10. PARSE TREE/ SYNTAX TREE
• Contains the hierarchy of operations in the high-level language statements.
• Every leaf node contains one of the symbols (tokens) in the statement.
Structure of Programming Language

11. ERROR HANDLER
• During the lexical and syntactical analyses, information regarding an error
encountered is sent to the error handler module of the compiler, which will
arrange to print out a message to the user.
Structure of Programming Language

12. INTERMEDIATE CODE
GENERATION
• The result of the lexical and syntactic analyses and the information in the
symbol table are brought together to produce program code in some
intermediate from similar to assembly- language code.
• Output from the syntactic analysis step, the intermediate code serves as
input to the code generation step.
• Output from the syntactic analysis step the intermediate code serves as
input to the code generation step.
Structure of Programming Language

13. OPTIMIZATION
• To produce efficient code
• To make more efficient use of main storage and processor time
• To correct “ bad programming practice”
• For detecting code that can be moved out of a loop ( to improve the efficiency of
the program, and its logical structure).
• Detection and elimination of dead code
• A DEAD CODE is a program code that is accessible in the normal processing of
the program and will consequently never be executed.
Structure of Programming Language

14. REFERENCES
• CONCEPTS OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
TENTH EDITION
ROBERT W. SEBESTA
Structure of Programming Language