Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Merchant Professor, Sam Houston State University - Published in NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Since 1982)
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Merchant Professor, Sam Houston State University - Published in NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Since 1982)
Support for educators and trainers Bucharest 2014private practice
Teacher induction, defined as inservice support for beginning teachers, is separate from preservice preparation and ideally serves as a bridge linking preservice and inservice education. Common objectives of teacher induction include teacher development, socialization into the profession, assessment of teaching effectiveness, and support in refining practic. Although programs vary between schools and context, they typically include a variety of activities such as orientation, classroom support, workshops, collaboration with colleagues, and mentoring (Ingersoll & Strong, 2011).
Teachers often struggle when inducted to the profession without a sufficient transitional period that allows them to practice their teaching skills prior to undertaking the responsibilities the job requires (Ganser, 2002). As a result, first year teachers are, on average, less effective than their more experienced colleagues (Rockoff, 2008). In analysis of data from the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and the Teacher Follow-up Survey, Ingersoll and Merrill (2010) concluded that the majority of teachers are either beginners or nearing retirement. More than a quarter of teachers are in their first five years of teaching. Thus, the teacher force is on the verge of being expanded, replaced, and re-made (Ingersoll & Merrill, 2010).
Dalton, margaret developing a specialist degree for teacher leaders nfeasj[1]William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
National FORUM of Applied Educational Research Journal 27(1&2) 2014, Sandra C...William Kritsonis
National FORUM of Applied Educational Research Journal 27(1&2) 2014, Sandra Cooley Nichols & Adriane N. Sheffield - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS ((Founded 1982), Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief - www.nationalforum.com
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Founded 1982
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national refereed, juried, peer-reviewed, blind-reviewed professional periodicals. Any article published shall earned five affirmative votes from members of our National Board of Invited Distinguished Jurors and must be recommended for national publication by members of the National Policy Board representing all National FORUM Journals. Journal issues are distributed both nationally and world-wide.
Our website features national refereed articles that are published daily within our National FORUM Journals Online Journal Division. Over 1,000 articles are available to scholars and practitioners world-wide. Over 250,000 guests visit our website yearly. About 56,000 articles are downloaded for academic purposes at no charge. We have about an 88% rejection rate. See: www.nationalforum.com
Founded in 1982, National FORUM Journals has published the scholarly contributions of over 5,200 professors with over 2,000 articles indexed. Our journals are indexed with many global agencies including Cabell’s Directories, ERIC, EBSCO, SWETS International, Library of Congress National Serials Data Program, and the Copyright Clearance Center, Danvers, Massachusetts.
Global Website: www.nationalforum.com
Education is the key that unlocks opportunities in every human being’s life as it creates a non-imitable resource. It is universally believed that the only inheritance one can leave for their off springs is education. This throws to the limelight, the main driver behind this
crucial resource: the teacher. The background of the study highlights the declining trend in teacher retention and consequently a shrinking teacher workforce particularly in
secondary schools. The objectives of the study were: to explain the background of teacher turnover, establish teacher turnover rate in a period of 1-10 years in Nyeri County,
identify major push and pull factors in the teaching profession in Nyeri County and recommend strategies that can be used to retain teachers in Nyeri County. Literature
reviewed brought to fore certain characteristics associated with recruitment. The study is based on Hertzberg’s two factor theory which distinguishes the hygiene factors as the most crucial in teacher motivation as opposed to motivational factors. The study findings highlight a myriad of pull and push factors impacting teacher turnover chief among them as teachers’ teachers’ pay, with other underlying factors like job dissatisfaction, work environment, reward system, work overloads, resource provision, professional training
and development and promotions. The study recommends that teacher motivational sessions be organized, teacher facilitation be effected and rewarding, recognition of teacher effort and formulation of attractive teacher retention policies by the government.
Support for educators and trainers Bucharest 2014private practice
Teacher induction, defined as inservice support for beginning teachers, is separate from preservice preparation and ideally serves as a bridge linking preservice and inservice education. Common objectives of teacher induction include teacher development, socialization into the profession, assessment of teaching effectiveness, and support in refining practic. Although programs vary between schools and context, they typically include a variety of activities such as orientation, classroom support, workshops, collaboration with colleagues, and mentoring (Ingersoll & Strong, 2011).
Teachers often struggle when inducted to the profession without a sufficient transitional period that allows them to practice their teaching skills prior to undertaking the responsibilities the job requires (Ganser, 2002). As a result, first year teachers are, on average, less effective than their more experienced colleagues (Rockoff, 2008). In analysis of data from the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and the Teacher Follow-up Survey, Ingersoll and Merrill (2010) concluded that the majority of teachers are either beginners or nearing retirement. More than a quarter of teachers are in their first five years of teaching. Thus, the teacher force is on the verge of being expanded, replaced, and re-made (Ingersoll & Merrill, 2010).
Dalton, margaret developing a specialist degree for teacher leaders nfeasj[1]William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
National FORUM of Applied Educational Research Journal 27(1&2) 2014, Sandra C...William Kritsonis
National FORUM of Applied Educational Research Journal 27(1&2) 2014, Sandra Cooley Nichols & Adriane N. Sheffield - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS ((Founded 1982), Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief - www.nationalforum.com
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Founded 1982
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national refereed, juried, peer-reviewed, blind-reviewed professional periodicals. Any article published shall earned five affirmative votes from members of our National Board of Invited Distinguished Jurors and must be recommended for national publication by members of the National Policy Board representing all National FORUM Journals. Journal issues are distributed both nationally and world-wide.
Our website features national refereed articles that are published daily within our National FORUM Journals Online Journal Division. Over 1,000 articles are available to scholars and practitioners world-wide. Over 250,000 guests visit our website yearly. About 56,000 articles are downloaded for academic purposes at no charge. We have about an 88% rejection rate. See: www.nationalforum.com
Founded in 1982, National FORUM Journals has published the scholarly contributions of over 5,200 professors with over 2,000 articles indexed. Our journals are indexed with many global agencies including Cabell’s Directories, ERIC, EBSCO, SWETS International, Library of Congress National Serials Data Program, and the Copyright Clearance Center, Danvers, Massachusetts.
Global Website: www.nationalforum.com
Education is the key that unlocks opportunities in every human being’s life as it creates a non-imitable resource. It is universally believed that the only inheritance one can leave for their off springs is education. This throws to the limelight, the main driver behind this
crucial resource: the teacher. The background of the study highlights the declining trend in teacher retention and consequently a shrinking teacher workforce particularly in
secondary schools. The objectives of the study were: to explain the background of teacher turnover, establish teacher turnover rate in a period of 1-10 years in Nyeri County,
identify major push and pull factors in the teaching profession in Nyeri County and recommend strategies that can be used to retain teachers in Nyeri County. Literature
reviewed brought to fore certain characteristics associated with recruitment. The study is based on Hertzberg’s two factor theory which distinguishes the hygiene factors as the most crucial in teacher motivation as opposed to motivational factors. The study findings highlight a myriad of pull and push factors impacting teacher turnover chief among them as teachers’ teachers’ pay, with other underlying factors like job dissatisfaction, work environment, reward system, work overloads, resource provision, professional training
and development and promotions. The study recommends that teacher motivational sessions be organized, teacher facilitation be effected and rewarding, recognition of teacher effort and formulation of attractive teacher retention policies by the government.
The shift from ‘me’ to ‘we’: Schools with a coaching culture build individual...Christine Hoyos
Developing all staff to coach each other accelerates adult learning, which, in turn, accelerates student learning. A key factor in the process is job-embedded support.
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Sam Houston State University - Published in NATIONAL F...William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Sam Houston State University - Published in NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief (Founded 1982)
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg - creating a professional learning community nfeasj v2...William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Featured Author for NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, Houston, Texas,
www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Empowering Teachers in Ghanaian Basic Schools: Prospects and ChallengesAJHSSR Journal
Whilst teacher empowerment is not new in literature, it appears that its practice is novel tomany head teachers of basic schools in Ghana. The study sought to investigate the prospects and challenges of teacher empowerment in Ghanaian Basic Schools. Using the convergent parallel design, a total of 282 teachers were randomly sampled from 32 basic schools in the Central Region of Ghana for the study. Whereas all 282 teachers answered the structured questionnaires, six (6) of them were further sampled to provide responses for the semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that the extent of teacher empowerment in the basic school is high. With regard to the prospects of teacher empowerment, the study established that teacher empowerment makes teachers more effective and helps to create the school‟s vision for students‟ success. The study further found that the main challenges facing teacher empowerment include: the hierarchical school structures, lack of trusts for teachers and favouritism from the part of head teachers. In view of the findings, the study recommended that head teachers of the basic schools should trust and respect teachers, support staff development and teachers‟ decisions. Additionally, head teachers of the basic schools should allocate adequate time for the development of collaborative relationships among teachers.
Jones, earl the existence of characteristics schooling v6 n1 2015William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national and international refereed, blind-reviewed academic journals. NFJ publishes articles academic intellectual diversity, multicultural issues, management, business, administration, issues focusing on colleges, universities, and schools, all aspects of schooling, special education, counseling and addiction, international issues of education, organizational behavior, theory and development, and much more. DR. WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS is Editor-in-Chief (Since 1982). See: www.nationalforum.com
The shift from ‘me’ to ‘we’: Schools with a coaching culture build individual...Christine Hoyos
Developing all staff to coach each other accelerates adult learning, which, in turn, accelerates student learning. A key factor in the process is job-embedded support.
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Sam Houston State University - Published in NATIONAL F...William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Sam Houston State University - Published in NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief (Founded 1982)
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg - creating a professional learning community nfeasj v2...William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Featured Author for NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, Houston, Texas,
www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Empowering Teachers in Ghanaian Basic Schools: Prospects and ChallengesAJHSSR Journal
Whilst teacher empowerment is not new in literature, it appears that its practice is novel tomany head teachers of basic schools in Ghana. The study sought to investigate the prospects and challenges of teacher empowerment in Ghanaian Basic Schools. Using the convergent parallel design, a total of 282 teachers were randomly sampled from 32 basic schools in the Central Region of Ghana for the study. Whereas all 282 teachers answered the structured questionnaires, six (6) of them were further sampled to provide responses for the semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that the extent of teacher empowerment in the basic school is high. With regard to the prospects of teacher empowerment, the study established that teacher empowerment makes teachers more effective and helps to create the school‟s vision for students‟ success. The study further found that the main challenges facing teacher empowerment include: the hierarchical school structures, lack of trusts for teachers and favouritism from the part of head teachers. In view of the findings, the study recommended that head teachers of the basic schools should trust and respect teachers, support staff development and teachers‟ decisions. Additionally, head teachers of the basic schools should allocate adequate time for the development of collaborative relationships among teachers.
Jones, earl the existence of characteristics schooling v6 n1 2015William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national and international refereed, blind-reviewed academic journals. NFJ publishes articles academic intellectual diversity, multicultural issues, management, business, administration, issues focusing on colleges, universities, and schools, all aspects of schooling, special education, counseling and addiction, international issues of education, organizational behavior, theory and development, and much more. DR. WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS is Editor-in-Chief (Since 1982). See: www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Editor-in-Chief
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
(Founded 1983)
Over 5,000 professors published. A group of national refereed periodicals.
LIVING LEGACIES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEVEN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE EDUC...William Kritsonis
Mary Ann Springs, PhD - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Dissertation Chair
Dissertation Title: LIVING LEGACIES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEVEN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE EDUCATIONAL LEADERS FROM A SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY
Harnessing Connected and Creative Consumers and CitizensRhys Moult
A presentation for the Australian Institute of Building Surveyors at McLaren Vale South Australia.
Where can you harness the data in your own business and workplace?
If you are in local government - Supply data sets for use in Unleashed/LocalData.net.au
How can you be more creative?
Presentation for iMoot 2010 http://imoot.org. Small businesses can use moodle too and now it is cheaper than ever to host your own moodle on a shared server. But what other options and strategies are there? Get in an expert, assess your staff, wear all the hats, share the load........Moodle can be easy but also time and money consuming.
Similar to Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Merchant Professor, Sam Houston State University - Published in NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Since 1982)
Choose five activities for job-embedded professional development a.docxgordienaysmythe
Choose
five activities for job-embedded professional development according to Figure 3.1 (p. 70) in Ch. 3 of
Schools as Professional Learning Communities
.
Write
a 350- to 700-word essay explaining how each activity supports reflective teaching.
Include
at least five sources, including this week's readings and videos, to justify how each supports reflective practice.
Format
your essay according to APA guidelines.
Figure 3.1 Activities for Job-Embedded Professional Development
Observe other teachers teach
Plan lessons and units with other teachers
Give and receive feedback on instructional behaviors from peers
Conduct action research projets
Mentor new teachers
Coach one another
Keep a reflective log.
Develop and maintain a professional portfolio
Look at student work together
Become part of a study group
Weeks Reading
The Professional Learning Community: An OverviewPreview of the ChapterToday, a great deal is known about what leads to school improvement and about the change process in schools. In the current literature, there is extensive discussion of the learning community as an effective model for fostering school improvement and general consensus about high-quality learning activities as essential factors in the improvement of teaching and learning. This chapter provides the theoretical basis for an understanding of the learning community as a metaphor for schools and the rationale for the strategies that lead to schools characterized by collaboration, shared leadership, and ongoing learning. The evolution of the learning community in the research literature is explored and an in-depth discussion of the characteristics and impact of the learning community on students, teachers, and staff is provided. The chapter specifically addresses the following questions:What is a learning community?What are the characteristics of a learning community?What is the role of the learning community in an age of accountability?What are the key elements of the school improvement framework for learning community schools?How is student achievement affected by the learning community model?How are teachers affected by the learning community?How do reflection and reflective practice contribute to the building of learning communities?What is a Learning Community?Dr. Karla Brownstone is just beginning her tenure as the superintendent of the Merlo School District, an urban/suburban-type district where achievement scores and teacher morale have been on the decline for several years. The former superintendent had a highly directive leadership style that limited his ability to improve the schools and resulted in a high turnover in the administrative staff. In her initial meetings with the board of education, teachers, and other staff and community members, Dr. Brownstone had shared her vision of providing the kind of leadership that would facilitate the transformation of each of the district's schools into learning communities. Her ideas had gene.
What Impact Does School Environment Have on Student Achievement?noblex1
A professional learning community is more than simply a collection of teachers working in the same building. A learning community comes together around people from every part of the school working collaboratively at all levels. That collaborative work is founded in what we call reflective dialogue, meaning staff conversations about issues and problems related to students, learning, and teaching.
Professional learning communities are characterized by:
- a principal who shares leadership, power, and authority and participates collegially by encouraging staff involvement in decision making;
- a shared vision developed from staff's unswerving commitment to students' learning and consistently articulated and referenced for the staff's work;
- opportunities for teacher-to-teacher visitation and observation accompanied by feedback and assistance as needed;
- sharing of personal practice;
- sharing of success stories and celebration of achievements.
What Are the Benefits of a Professional Learning Community for Teachers?
Teachers who view their schools as professional learning communities report fewer feelings of isolation, are more likely to see themselves as "professionally renewed," and view their work as more satisfying. In addition:
- teachers are more committed to the goals and mission of the school, and they work with more vigor to strengthen the mission.
- sharing good teaching practices helps create greater knowledge and beliefs about teaching and learners.
From the perspective of staff morale, teachers report feeling energized when they have increased opportunities for professional conversations with other teachers. The existence of a professional learning community encourages risk taking and innovation by teachers, one reason improvement efforts seem to be more productive in schools of this type.
What Are the Benefits for Students?
The characteristics of a professional learning community translate into concrete benefits for students, including academic gains in mathematics, science, history, and reading. These gains tend to be greater in schools structured as professional learning communities than they are in traditional schools, and the schools tend to demonstrate smaller achievement gaps between students from different backgrounds. These schools also are reported to have lower dropout rates, fewer missed classes, and lower rates of absenteeism.
How Can Principals Create Professional Learning Communities?
Leadership is essential for professional learning communities to be effective. Principals need to provide opportunities for teachers to meet and share effective practices, develop interdependent teaching roles, and grow personally and professionally.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/what-impact-does-school-environment-have-on-student-achievement/
How to Make Elementary School Effective from within - Appraoch of LOKMITRA, 2012Rajesh kumar
Lokmitra has evolved and activity system to transform the school from within. This practice has evolved over last six years. Recent improvisation has been inspired by the work of Prof Manbo Sato of Tokyo University. His work was introduced to Lokmitra by Prof B K Passi, who also did a workshop of DIalogue in Education with Lokmitra staff and teachers in 20011.
P ro f e s s i o n a lL e a rning C o m m u n i t i e s.docxgerardkortney
P ro f e s s i o n a l
L e a rning
C o m m u n i t i e s
Professional Development Strategies
That Improve Instruction
The Annenberg Institute for School Reform (a i s r) at Brown Uni-
versity engages in intensive work with urban school systems across the country that
are pursuing systemwide efforts to improve educational experiences and opportuni-
ties, particularly for English Language Learners and students from low-income
backgrounds. In our work, we support and encourage the use of professional learn-
ing communities (p l c s ) as a central element for effective professional develop-
ment as part of a comprehensive reform initiative.
In our experience, p l c s have the potential to enhance the professional culture
within a school district in four key areas; they can:
• build the productive relationships that are required to collaborate, partner,
reflect, and act to carry out a school-improvement program;
• engage educators at all levels in collective, consistent, and context-specific
learning;
• address inequities in teaching and learning opportunities by supporting teachers
who work with students requiring the most assistance; and
• promote efforts to improve results in terms of school and system culture, teacher
practice, and student learning.
P L Cs: A Research-Based Approach to Professional
Development
Research findings have repeatedly confirmed that a significant factor in raising aca-
demic achievement is the improvement of instructional capacity in the classroom.
Recent research shows that the kinds of professional development that improve
instructional capacity display four critical characteristics (Senge 1990; Knapp
2003); they are:
• ongoing
• embedded within context-specific needs of a particular setting
• aligned with reform initiatives
• grounded in a collaborative, inquiry-based approach to learning
Effective professional development to improve classroom teaching also concentrates
on high learning standards and on evidence of students’ learning. It mirrors the
kinds of teaching and learning expected in classrooms. It is driven fundamentally
by the needs and interests of participants themselves, enabling adult learners to
expand on content knowledge and practice that is directly connected with the work
of their students in the classroom (Corcoran 1995; Darling-Hammond and
McLaughlin 1995; Little 1988; Elmore 2002). Again, professional learning commu-
nities meet these criteria.
2 Professional Learning Communities
Research demonstrates that the development of a strong professional community
among educators is a key ingredient in improving schools (Fullan 1999; Langer
2000; Little and McLaughlin 1993; Louis, Kruse, and Marks 1996; Newmann and
Associates 1996). Louis et al. (1995, p. 17) identify effective professional learning
communities as being firmly embedded in the school and using schoolwide reform
goals as the basis for teachers’ commitment and interaction. These professional
learning commun.
NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL, Volume ...William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL, Volume 30, Number 2, 2013 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief - Website: www.nationalforum.com
Similar to Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Merchant Professor, Sam Houston State University - Published in NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Since 1982) (20)
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Merchant Professor, Sam Houston State University - Published in NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Since 1982)
1. NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
VOLUME 31, NUMBER 1, 2013
WHY SCHOOL REFORM EFFORTS
HAVE FAILED: SCHOOL REFORM
NEEDS TO BE BASED ON A SET
OF CORE PRINCIPLES
Fred C. Lunenburg
Sam Houston State University
ABSTRACT
School improvement has been studied extensively for more than two decades,
but change in schools has been problematic. Our reform efforts need to be
based on a set of core principles. One initiative that begins to address this idea
is the Coalition of Essential Schools. The Coalition of Essential Schools (CES) is
an organization created to further a type of whole-school reform originally
envisioned by Theodore Sizer in his book, Horace’s Compromise. CES began in
1984 with twelve schools. It currently has 600 formal members. Although the
ways of implementing these core beliefs of Essential Schools may differ, the
principles do provide a framework for school reform.
55
2. 56NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
Introduction
A
lthough school reform has been ubiquitous for the past
century, little of significance has changed (Hess, 2011;
Nehring& Cuban, 2010). Since the advent of compulsory
education, neither the technology nor the core beliefs of schooling the
changed substantively (Darling-Hammond, 2010; Evans, 2010). Our
reform efforts need to be based on a set of core principles that help its
participating schools to identify with ideas larger than the individual,
the classroom, the school, or the community (Bulach, Lunenburg, &
Potter, 2012; Hille, 2011; Tharp, 2007). A recent initiative that begins
to address these ideas is the Coalition of Essential Schools. Although
the ways of implementing these core beliefs of Essential Schools may
differ, the principles do provide a framework for school reform.
Core Principles of the Coalition of Essential Schools
The Coalition of Essential Schools (CES), a project intended to
restructure the nature of secondary education, forms its core principles
from the work of Theodore Sizer (1984, 1997a, 1997b, 2004a, 2004b),
who served as chair of CES. Since its formation in 1984, the Coalition
of Essential Schools now includes over 600 schools in 40 states, and
several Canadian provinces. Schools that have projects under way are
reporting encouraging results, especially in urban settings, in some of
the simple measures, including increased attendance, decreased
dropout rates, higher test scores, and fewer discipline problems
(Ancess, 2004; Feldman, Lopez, & Simon, 2006; Littky, 2005; Meier,
2003; Schlechty, 2011a,b; Simon, 2002; Sizer, 2005; Sizer, Sizer, &
Meier, 2005; Weinbaum, et al., 2005). The mission of coalitionmember schools is to create an intellectual environment in which
instruction is personalized and students are responsible for their own
learning. The goal is that each student who graduates from high
school will have the ability to think, inquire, and reason. Although
coalition-member schools have no blueprint to go by, all subscribe to a
set of 10 core principles (Sizer, 1984, 1997a, 1997b, 2004a, 2004b,
3. FRED C. LUNENBURG57
2005).
Personalized Instruction
Teaching and learning should be personalized, with teachers
and principals responsible for what is studied, how time is spent, and
what materials and pedagogies are used. The teacher load should not
exceed 80 students. For the most part, coalition schools have
restructured the school day so they can teach fewer students for longer
periods of time. For example, 80 students might take part in a common
core program taught by four teachers for four hours each day.
Curriculum and instruction in the core would be interdisciplinary,
covering language arts, mathematics, social science, and science. One
teacher might assume responsibility for each area of the curriculum,
and teachers would have complete discretion over how much time to
devote to the teaching of each subject. Built into each teacher’s
schedule would be an hour of team planning. Such a configuration
might occur school-wide or in a school-within-a-school structure.
Student as Worker, Teacher as Coach
The governing metaphor of the school should be student as
worker, not teacher as deliverer of instructional services. Working in a
coalition school requires a radical change in the way teachers think of
themselves. Phillip Schlechty (2011a) has captured the essence of this
metaphor in his recently published book Engaging Students: The Next
Level of Working on the Work. Instead of being intellectual
authorities standing in front of a class telling, explaining, clarifying,
and helping students to understand what they know, teachers act as
coaches and facilitators who guide and prod their students, who, in
turn, are responsible for identifying a problem, developing hypotheses,
reasoning, and drawing their own conclusions. Just as the coach of an
athletic team does not perform for the player, the teacher cannot
perform for the student. The student is an active participant in the
4. 58NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
learning situation. Sizer asserts that students do not learn well when
they are passive spectators in the classroom. They need a clear goal
that they are expected to reach by actively asking questions, finding
solutions, and demonstrating their knowledge (2004a, 2005).
A “Thinking” School
The school should focus on helping adolescents to learn to use
their minds well. It is a core principle that reminds teachers that all
courses for all students should be designed to maximize the use of
higher-order thinking skills. The idea, Sizer(2004a, 2005) asserts, is to
get a student to function effectively in a learning environment that
requires intellectual rigor and creativity.
Less is More
Each student should master a limited number of essential skills
and areas of knowledge. The word essential in the name of the
national network means determining what is essential in the
curriculum. Observers of coalition schools are immediately struck by
the apparent lack of course electives. When a school offers too many
electives, essential courses can get diminished. When a single course
is overloaded with content, material tends to be covered, not learned.
And since teachers are expected in coalition schools to teach across
disciplines, offering a proliferation of courses could result in
scheduling problems and pedagogical confusion. Sizer asserts that the
more complicated a school’s program, the less likely it is that serious
intellectual learning will take place (Sizer, 2004a, 2005).
Generalists First, Specialists Second
The principal and teachers should perceive themselves as
generalists first and specialists second. Unlike most high schools,
teachers in coalition schools are committed to integrating curricula
5. FRED C. LUNENBURG59
across disciplines and to combining classes as often as possible.
Coalition teachers think of themselves as generalists who can teach a
broad range of subjects rather than as experts in a given field. This
means not only that teachers teach across disciplines, but also that they
approach their disciplines as generalists, in other words that they find
interesting ways to introduce specialized material to a general
population (Sizer, 2004a, 2005).
Diploma by Exhibition
The diploma should be awarded upon successful demonstration
of mastery. Coalition members believe that getting the right answer is
not all that is important. More important is that students can show how
they arrive at an answer and articulate the reasoning required to reach
the conclusion. This approach is best demonstrated through an
exhibition, which can take a variety of forms: an oral presentation, a
written report, a rap song, a role-playing skit, a musical rendition, or a
portfolio of materials. In coalition schools, there is no such thing as a
failing grade. Students are required to complete their work
satisfactorily no matter how long it takes. Students keep trying until
they have completed the task satisfactorily. The problem experienced
by coalition teachers is the number of incompletes on some student’s
records, as they move forward in other classes.
Intellectual Education for All
The school’s goals should apply to all students. At coalition
schools, there are no college-bound, general, or vocational tracks. All
students are expected to reach the same goals in the same course of
study. According to Sizer (2004a, 2005), coalition schools take a
Jeffersonian view that, aside from a small percentage of students with
profound special needs, every student has a mind; and democracy
depends on the wise use of that mind. Sizer says that our whole
system of government depends on the wisdom of the individual
citizen. These sentiments are consistent with Mortimer Adler’s (2010)
6. 60NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
Paideia Program.
Tone of Expectation, Trust, and Decency
The tone of the school should stress un-anxious expectation,
trust, and decency. Coalition schools build a sense of camaraderie,
colleagueship between teachers and students. Teachers and students in
coalition schools don’t view themselves as being on separate sides of
the fence. Such an environment leads to a sense of mutual
commitment and responsibility for the achievement of the school’s
goals.
Budgets That Support Core Principles
Ultimate administrative and budget targets should allow for
student loads per teacher of 80 or fewer, time for team planning, and
competitive salaries. Since coalition schools are designed to be
realistic models of what all public schools should be, it is important
for members to demonstrate that they can achieve the core principles
within a reasonable budget. The goal is to operate a coalition school
on a budget slightly over 10 percent of the norm. Because start-up
costs are actually higher because of research and development of an
essential curriculum, additional funding may be necessary. Funds are
typically appropriated by the school district, from grants, or with the
help of the Coalition of Essential Schools.
Democracy and Equity
The school should demonstrate non-discriminatory and
inclusive policies, practices, and pedagogies. It should model
democratic practices that involve all who are directly affected by the
school. The school should honor diversity and build on the strength of
its communities, deliberately and explicitly challenging all forms of
7. FRED C. LUNENBURG61
inequity.
Conclusion
School improvement has been studied extensively for more
than two decades, but change in schools has been problematic. Our
reform efforts need to be based on a set of core principles. One
initiative that begins to address this idea is the Coalition of Essential
Schools. The Coalition of Essential Schools (CES) is an organization
created to further a type of whole-school reform originally envisioned
by Theodore Sizer in his book, Horace’s Compromise. CES began in
1984 with twelve schools. It currently has 600 formal members. CES
is at the forefront of creating and sustaining personalized, equitable,
and intellectually challenging schools. Coalition schools are places of
powerful learning where all students have the chance to reach their
fullest potential.
8. 62NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
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