Farming system opportunities and limitations in Rwanda: Exploring scenarios to improve welfare and sustainable land use by Ainembabazi et al
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This document summarizes a study that assessed the sustainability and welfare of different cropping systems in Rwanda. It used a framework to evaluate systems based on productivity, stability, reliability, resilience, adaptability and self-reliance. Cluster analysis identified predominant cereal, legume and banana-based systems. The study found trade-offs between socio-economic stability/self-reliance of cereal systems and productivity/adaptability of legume and banana systems. Sustainability scores increased with welfare at a decreasing rate, then stabilized and declined. The maximum sustainability scores were less than 50%, indicating holistic interventions are needed at the farm level.
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Farming system opportunities and limitations in Rwanda: Exploring scenarios to improve welfare and sustainable land use by Ainembabazi et al
- 1. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Farming system opportunities and limitations in Rwanda: Exploring scenarios to improve welfare and sustainable land use JH Ainembabazi, PMN Dontsop, G Nziguheba, M van Wijk, L Klapwijk, L Jassogne, B Vanlauwe, P van Asten, V. Manyong
- 2. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org • Farming systems are diverse: – Small farm size <2 ha – Low yields <30% of attainable yield levels – Subsistence orientation – Low adoption of technologies • Sustainability of these systems is uncertain – Level of intensification – Resource use & management – Spatial and temporal scales – Market orientation • A holistic analytical strategy is required Motivation
- 3. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org • Aim: – Assessment of sustainability of cropping systems – Link sustainability and welfare indicators • Methodology: – Framework for assessing sustainability of NRM systems (MESMIS) • Productivity, stability, reliability, resilience, adaptability and self-reliance – Cluster analysis used to generate cropping systems • Predominant crops grown and land allocation Aim and methodology
- 4. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Data: Humidtropics field sites
- 5. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Maize Sorghum Rice Millet Wheat Cassava Sweetpotatoes Irishpotatoes Yam Beans Groundnuts Soyabean Pigeonpeas Banana Sweetbanana Kale Tomatoes carrots Leafyvegetables Chilies Pineapple Coffee Cotton Timber Fodder others Frequency (%) Frequencyofcropsperseason Longrain season Shortrain season
- 6. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 0 .2.4.6.8 1 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cereals Legumes Roots & Tubers Bananas Clustering based on land allocation
- 7. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Productivity indicators 0 1,0002,0003,000 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Land productivity ($/ha) 0 102030 Value($/TLU) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Value of livestock products ($/TLU) 0 20406080 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Net cash income/capita/year ($) 0 .1.2.3 Input/outputratio Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Economic inefficiency
- 8. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Stability indicators 0 .1.2.3 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Land owned/capita (ha) 0 .5 1 1.5 Livestock(ha) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Livestock onwnership (TLU) 0 20406080 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Value of farm assets share (%) 0 20406080 Ownlaborinput(%) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems HH members work on own farm (%)
- 9. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 01234 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems # of months of inadequate food supplies 0 100200300 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Food security/ self-sufficiency ratios (FSR/FSSR) FSR FSSR Self-reliance indicators Food consumption • Food security • Food self sufficiency • Food amount in bad months • # months of inadequate food 0 1020304050 Inadequatefoodsupplies(%) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Share of a meal consumed in months of inadequate food (%)
- 10. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Self-reliance indicators … 0246 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Only 12% of sample rented in land Share of operated area rented in (%) 05 1015 %ofinorganicfert Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Share of inorganic fertilizer use [% of total use (inorganic and organic)] 0246 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Total debt to assets ratio (indebtedness) 05 1015 Shareofffarm(%) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems HH members in off farm employment (%)
- 11. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Adaptability indicators 0123 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Seasonal crop diversity Long rain Short rain 01234 #parcelsandplotsoperated Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems # of different parcels/plots operated Parcels Plots 0 20406080 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Share of plot area protected by SCP (%) 05 10152025 #oftrees Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Average # of trees per plot
- 12. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 05 10152025 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Application of inorganic fertilizer 0 204060 Shareofplots(%) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Application of organic manure 02468 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Application of pesticides & herbicides 0 20406080 Shareofplots(%) Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Incorporation of crop resides Adaptability indicators …
- 13. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 05 101520 Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Off-farm income (%) 0 .5 1 #extensionvisits Legume systems Banana systems Cereal systems Extension visits in 2 years Adaptability indicators …
- 14. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org Productivity Stability Self-reliance Adaptability 10 20 30 Sustainability scores in 25th quartile Productivity Stability Self-reliance Adaptability 10 20 30 40 Median scores for sustainability Productivity Stability Self-reliance Adaptability 10 20 30 40 Sustainability scores in 75th quartile Productivity Stability Self-reliance Adaptability 10 20 30 Legume sytems Banana systems Cereal systems Average scores for sustainability Scores for sustainability attributes
- 15. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org 1020304050 0 2 4 6 8 log of FSR/FSSR FSR FSSR FSR FSSR FS and FSS ratios Legume based systems 10203040 Overallsustainabilityindex 0 2 4 6 8 log of FSR/FSSR FSR FSSR FSR FSSR FS and FSS ratios Banana based systems 10203040 Overallsustainabilityindex 0 2 4 6 8 log of FSR/FSSR FSR FSSR FSR FSSR FS and FSS ratios Cereal based systems 1020304050 0 2 4 6 8 10 log of total consumable income/capita Annual income per capita Legume based systems 10203040 Overallsustainabilityindex 0 2 4 6 8 10 log of total consumable income/capita Annual income per capita Banana based systems 10203040 Overallsustainabilityindex 0 2 4 6 8 10 log of total consumable income/capita Annual income per capita Cereal based systems Relationship between food security and income
- 16. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org • Trade-off: socio-economic (stability/self-reliance) Vs bio-physical indicators (productivity/adaptability) – Cereal systems are more stable & self-reliant – Banana & legume systems are more productive & adaptive • Sustainability – welfare indicators relationship – Increases at decreasing rate, stabilizes then declines • Maximum sustainability scores <50% • Holistic interventions & analyses – not appropriate – Farming systems Vs individual farms Conclusions and implications
- 17. A member of CGIAR consortium www.iita.org THANK YOU