3rd year lecture Haemorrhage and shock.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•6 views
MBBS students
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Complications of MI.pptx
1) Complications of myocardial infarction (MI) include recurrent chest pain, arrhythmias, left ventricular (LV) failure, right ventricular infarction, mechanical complications like myocardial rupture, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, and hypovolemia.
2) Common arrhythmias after MI are ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and AV block.
3) LV failure involves remodeling of the LV and structural/functional changes to the heart due to loss of myocardium and increased wall stress.
2. Hypovolemic, Septic and Cardiogenic Shock.pptx
Hypovolemic, septic, and cardiogenic shock are three types of shock discussed in the document. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to reduced circulating volume from external or internal bleeding or fluid losses. Septic shock results from toxins released during bacterial infections. Cardiogenic shock is caused by decreased cardiac output due to conditions like heart attacks or heart muscle damage that impair the heart's ability to pump effectively. Treatment for the different shock types involves immediate control of bleeding, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics for infection, and vasopressors or inotropes to support blood pressure and cardiac function.
Shock Bsc Nursing students in emergency room
1) Hemorrhagic shock results from inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to blood loss. It can be classified based on the percentage of blood volume lost.
2) The initial priorities in management are controlling bleeding, restoring intravascular volume through fluid resuscitation, and monitoring for signs of adequate perfusion. Blood transfusion may be needed for those with ongoing or severe blood loss.
3) Patients who transiently respond or do not respond to initial fluids require prompt identification and treatment of the cause of bleeding, such as surgery, as well as blood product transfusion to prevent complications of massive transfusion like coagulopathy and hypothermia.
Acute myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. Find a good presentation on Acute myocardial infarction here.
Physiology of shock
Shock occurs when arterial blood flow is inadequate to meet metabolic needs, resulting from cardiovascular collapse. The main types are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and distributive shock. Hypovolemic shock results from decreased intravascular volume due to blood, plasma, or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock is caused by pump failure from myocardial damage or obstruction. Distributive shock reduces vascular resistance from sepsis, anaphylaxis, or SIRS. The body initially compensates for shock but decompensation occurs when mechanisms fail, potentially progressing to irreversible shock without treatment.
Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Please find the power point on Management of Sub arachnoid hemorrhage. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
circulatory shock.pptx
This document discusses circulatory shock, including:
1. Shock is defined as inadequate tissue perfusion and is a leading cause of death among surgical patients. Hypovolemic and septic shock are common types.
2. Shock occurs when there are abnormalities at the heart, large vessels, or small vessels leading to low blood flow. Compensated shock maintains blood flow to vital organs while decompensated shock leads to organ failure.
3. Treatment focuses on arresting bleeding, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and damage control surgery to optimize tissue perfusion and prevent hypothermia and coagulopathy.
Recommended
Complications of MI.pptx
1) Complications of myocardial infarction (MI) include recurrent chest pain, arrhythmias, left ventricular (LV) failure, right ventricular infarction, mechanical complications like myocardial rupture, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, and hypovolemia.
2) Common arrhythmias after MI are ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and AV block.
3) LV failure involves remodeling of the LV and structural/functional changes to the heart due to loss of myocardium and increased wall stress.
2. Hypovolemic, Septic and Cardiogenic Shock.pptx
Hypovolemic, septic, and cardiogenic shock are three types of shock discussed in the document. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to reduced circulating volume from external or internal bleeding or fluid losses. Septic shock results from toxins released during bacterial infections. Cardiogenic shock is caused by decreased cardiac output due to conditions like heart attacks or heart muscle damage that impair the heart's ability to pump effectively. Treatment for the different shock types involves immediate control of bleeding, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics for infection, and vasopressors or inotropes to support blood pressure and cardiac function.
Shock Bsc Nursing students in emergency room
1) Hemorrhagic shock results from inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to blood loss. It can be classified based on the percentage of blood volume lost.
2) The initial priorities in management are controlling bleeding, restoring intravascular volume through fluid resuscitation, and monitoring for signs of adequate perfusion. Blood transfusion may be needed for those with ongoing or severe blood loss.
3) Patients who transiently respond or do not respond to initial fluids require prompt identification and treatment of the cause of bleeding, such as surgery, as well as blood product transfusion to prevent complications of massive transfusion like coagulopathy and hypothermia.
Acute myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. Find a good presentation on Acute myocardial infarction here.
Physiology of shock
Shock occurs when arterial blood flow is inadequate to meet metabolic needs, resulting from cardiovascular collapse. The main types are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and distributive shock. Hypovolemic shock results from decreased intravascular volume due to blood, plasma, or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock is caused by pump failure from myocardial damage or obstruction. Distributive shock reduces vascular resistance from sepsis, anaphylaxis, or SIRS. The body initially compensates for shock but decompensation occurs when mechanisms fail, potentially progressing to irreversible shock without treatment.
Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Please find the power point on Management of Sub arachnoid hemorrhage. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
circulatory shock.pptx
This document discusses circulatory shock, including:
1. Shock is defined as inadequate tissue perfusion and is a leading cause of death among surgical patients. Hypovolemic and septic shock are common types.
2. Shock occurs when there are abnormalities at the heart, large vessels, or small vessels leading to low blood flow. Compensated shock maintains blood flow to vital organs while decompensated shock leads to organ failure.
3. Treatment focuses on arresting bleeding, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and damage control surgery to optimize tissue perfusion and prevent hypothermia and coagulopathy.
Cardiac cath complications
The document summarizes various potential complications that can occur during or after cardiac catheterization. The major complications discussed include death, myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding, vascular injury, and contrast induced nephrotoxicity. Risk factors for complications include patient demographics, cardiovascular anatomy, clinical situation, and operator experience. Local vascular complications like hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arterial thrombosis are also described. Strategies to prevent complications involve careful technique, minimizing contrast and anticoagulation.
9572195.ppt
This document provides an overview of shock, including its definition, types, physiology, and management. It discusses the key features and immediate treatment of hemorrhagic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock through case examples. The main points are that shock results from inadequate tissue perfusion, early recognition and aggressive fluid/vasopressor resuscitation are critical to improving outcomes across different shock types.
Shock 1203114629671392-5(1)
1) Shock is defined as a state of profound and widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that can lead to cellular injury and death if prolonged.
2) Shock is classified into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive.
3) Septic shock is the most common cause of death in ICUs and a major form of distributive shock characterized by loss of vasomotor tone and peripheral vasodilation.
Shock 1203114629671392-5
1) Shock is defined as a state of profound and widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that can lead to cellular injury and death if prolonged.
2) Shock is classified into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive.
3) Septic shock is the most common cause of death in ICUs and a major form of distributive shock characterized by loss of vasomotor tone and peripheral vasodilation.
Basic hemodynamic monitoring for nurses
This is a very simple presentation prepared for nurses. It will help nurses to understand the need of monitoring and the available methods. The presentation has been constructed on a clinical case base scenario and gradually different methods of monitoring has been introduced.
Cardiac cath complications
Presentation about the hazards and potential complications that could happen in any cardiac or peripheral catheterization procedure and how to avoid them
CV-Peripheral Vascular Disease 2
This document provides an overview of peripheral vascular diseases and considerations for anesthesia. It begins with a review of vascular anatomy and then discusses various peripheral arterial diseases such as peripheral artery disease, acute arterial occlusion, and Raynaud's phenomenon. It also covers peripheral venous diseases including deep vein thrombosis. Finally, it briefly reviews systemic vasculitis conditions. The document emphasizes the importance of preoperative optimization of cardiovascular risk factors and intraoperative hemodynamic management to reduce the risk of myocardial ischemia in these high-risk patients.
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Pre-operative assessment, evaluation and preparation of a patient of Diabetes...
This document provides guidance on preoperative evaluation and preparation of patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing surgery. Key points include determining the type and control of the patient's diabetes, assessing for complications, identifying high-risk patients, and optimizing diabetes management in the perioperative period. Intraoperative glucose should be managed between 140-180 mg/dL to minimize risk, and subcutaneous or intravenous insulin may be used depending on the surgical scenario and hemodynamic stability of the patient. Thorough preoperative evaluation and careful perioperative glucose management are essential in patients with diabetes.
Shock and management
This document provides an overview of shock and its management. It defines shock as an acute medical condition associated with a fall in blood pressure caused by events such as blood loss, burns, allergic reactions or sudden emotional stress. The causes of shock are discussed as cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic and septic. Signs and symptoms and classification of hemorrhage are outlined. General management principles like airway maintenance, oxygen administration, IV fluids and blood transfusion are described. Surgical and local methods of hemorrhage control are also summarized. Finally, the spectrum of infections from bacteremia to septic shock and MODS as well as the treatment approach of antibiotics, source control
Shock in Trauma Patient by Dr. Sabbir.pptx
1. Shock is a systemic state of low tissue perfusion that is inadequate for normal cellular respiration. It can be caused by various factors like blood loss, heart problems, or sepsis.
2. In trauma patients, shock is a common cause of death second only to traumatic brain injury. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol is used to assess and treat patients in shock.
3. Shock is classified into stages from initial to irreversible based on the body's attempts at compensation. Fluid resuscitation is used to treat hypovolemic shock, with blood transfusion as needed to replace lost volume. Dynamic fluid monitoring helps determine fluid responsiveness.
shock.pptx
1) Shock is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and cellular metabolism due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. It can be classified as low blood flow shock (cardiogenic, hypovolemic) or maldistribution of blood flow shock (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic).
2) Management of shock involves identifying the cause, restoring circulating volume through fluid resuscitation, supporting vital organ function, and treating the underlying cause. General management strategies include ensuring a patent airway, maximizing oxygen delivery, and volume expansion with isotonic crystalloids.
3) The stages of shock include initial, compensated, progressive, and refractory. Treatment aims to support compensation and prevent progression
Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease & SHOCK
This document discusses hemodynamic disorders including thromboembolic disease and shock. It defines shock and classifies it into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, and traumatic shock. The pathogenesis of each type is described. Morphologic features in organs during shock like the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract, and liver are outlined. The clinical features and complications of shock are also summarized.
shock.pptx
Shock is defined as a life-threatening condition where blood flow to organs is low, decreasing oxygen and nutrient delivery and waste removal. There are four main types of shock: hypovolemic from low blood volume, cardiogenic from low cardiac output despite adequate volume, distributive from low vascular resistance usually due to sepsis, and obstructive from outflow obstruction. Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood loss, fluid loss, or decreased intake and presents with tachycardia, hypotension, and decreased urine output. Initial management focuses on restoring circulating volume through fluid resuscitation and controlling any bleeding. Cardiogenic shock presents with cool skin, tachypnea, hypotension, and altered mental status and
Cardiac Transplantation
The document discusses indications for cardiac transplantation including refractory heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. It outlines the evaluation, donor criteria, surgical techniques, post-operative management including immunosuppression and complications of rejection, infection, and malignancy. Long-term outcomes are generally good with 1-year survival rates of 82% though risks include cardiac allograft vasculopathy and factors like age, pulmonary disease, and diabetes.
Shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Lack of blood flow means the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Many organs can be damaged as a result.
SHOCK[1].pptx
Shock is defined as a failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs. There are several stages and classifications of shock. The stages include compensated, progressive, and refractory stages. Classifications include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, and endocrine shock. Diagnosis involves symptoms, signs, and labs. Treatment depends on the shock classification but generally involves fluid resuscitation and treating the underlying cause. Goals are to restore perfusion and oxygen delivery while avoiding complications like multiple organ failure.
diagnostic technique.pptx
This document discusses various surgical diagnostic techniques and processes. It describes techniques like fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), biopsy, imaging investigations like ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and their purposes, advantages, disadvantages and applications. Frozen section technique, tissue and molecular diagnosis are also explained. The key diagnostic investigations, their strengths and limitations are summarized for accurate surgical diagnosis and management.
More Related Content
Similar to 3rd year lecture Haemorrhage and shock.pptx
Cardiac cath complications
The document summarizes various potential complications that can occur during or after cardiac catheterization. The major complications discussed include death, myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding, vascular injury, and contrast induced nephrotoxicity. Risk factors for complications include patient demographics, cardiovascular anatomy, clinical situation, and operator experience. Local vascular complications like hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arterial thrombosis are also described. Strategies to prevent complications involve careful technique, minimizing contrast and anticoagulation.
9572195.ppt
This document provides an overview of shock, including its definition, types, physiology, and management. It discusses the key features and immediate treatment of hemorrhagic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock through case examples. The main points are that shock results from inadequate tissue perfusion, early recognition and aggressive fluid/vasopressor resuscitation are critical to improving outcomes across different shock types.
Shock 1203114629671392-5(1)
1) Shock is defined as a state of profound and widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that can lead to cellular injury and death if prolonged.
2) Shock is classified into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive.
3) Septic shock is the most common cause of death in ICUs and a major form of distributive shock characterized by loss of vasomotor tone and peripheral vasodilation.
Shock 1203114629671392-5
1) Shock is defined as a state of profound and widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that can lead to cellular injury and death if prolonged.
2) Shock is classified into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive.
3) Septic shock is the most common cause of death in ICUs and a major form of distributive shock characterized by loss of vasomotor tone and peripheral vasodilation.
Basic hemodynamic monitoring for nurses
This is a very simple presentation prepared for nurses. It will help nurses to understand the need of monitoring and the available methods. The presentation has been constructed on a clinical case base scenario and gradually different methods of monitoring has been introduced.
Cardiac cath complications
Presentation about the hazards and potential complications that could happen in any cardiac or peripheral catheterization procedure and how to avoid them
CV-Peripheral Vascular Disease 2
This document provides an overview of peripheral vascular diseases and considerations for anesthesia. It begins with a review of vascular anatomy and then discusses various peripheral arterial diseases such as peripheral artery disease, acute arterial occlusion, and Raynaud's phenomenon. It also covers peripheral venous diseases including deep vein thrombosis. Finally, it briefly reviews systemic vasculitis conditions. The document emphasizes the importance of preoperative optimization of cardiovascular risk factors and intraoperative hemodynamic management to reduce the risk of myocardial ischemia in these high-risk patients.
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Pre-operative assessment, evaluation and preparation of a patient of Diabetes...
This document provides guidance on preoperative evaluation and preparation of patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing surgery. Key points include determining the type and control of the patient's diabetes, assessing for complications, identifying high-risk patients, and optimizing diabetes management in the perioperative period. Intraoperative glucose should be managed between 140-180 mg/dL to minimize risk, and subcutaneous or intravenous insulin may be used depending on the surgical scenario and hemodynamic stability of the patient. Thorough preoperative evaluation and careful perioperative glucose management are essential in patients with diabetes.
Shock and management
This document provides an overview of shock and its management. It defines shock as an acute medical condition associated with a fall in blood pressure caused by events such as blood loss, burns, allergic reactions or sudden emotional stress. The causes of shock are discussed as cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic and septic. Signs and symptoms and classification of hemorrhage are outlined. General management principles like airway maintenance, oxygen administration, IV fluids and blood transfusion are described. Surgical and local methods of hemorrhage control are also summarized. Finally, the spectrum of infections from bacteremia to septic shock and MODS as well as the treatment approach of antibiotics, source control
Shock in Trauma Patient by Dr. Sabbir.pptx
1. Shock is a systemic state of low tissue perfusion that is inadequate for normal cellular respiration. It can be caused by various factors like blood loss, heart problems, or sepsis.
2. In trauma patients, shock is a common cause of death second only to traumatic brain injury. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol is used to assess and treat patients in shock.
3. Shock is classified into stages from initial to irreversible based on the body's attempts at compensation. Fluid resuscitation is used to treat hypovolemic shock, with blood transfusion as needed to replace lost volume. Dynamic fluid monitoring helps determine fluid responsiveness.
shock.pptx
1) Shock is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and cellular metabolism due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. It can be classified as low blood flow shock (cardiogenic, hypovolemic) or maldistribution of blood flow shock (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic).
2) Management of shock involves identifying the cause, restoring circulating volume through fluid resuscitation, supporting vital organ function, and treating the underlying cause. General management strategies include ensuring a patent airway, maximizing oxygen delivery, and volume expansion with isotonic crystalloids.
3) The stages of shock include initial, compensated, progressive, and refractory. Treatment aims to support compensation and prevent progression
Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease & SHOCK
This document discusses hemodynamic disorders including thromboembolic disease and shock. It defines shock and classifies it into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, and traumatic shock. The pathogenesis of each type is described. Morphologic features in organs during shock like the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract, and liver are outlined. The clinical features and complications of shock are also summarized.
shock.pptx
Shock is defined as a life-threatening condition where blood flow to organs is low, decreasing oxygen and nutrient delivery and waste removal. There are four main types of shock: hypovolemic from low blood volume, cardiogenic from low cardiac output despite adequate volume, distributive from low vascular resistance usually due to sepsis, and obstructive from outflow obstruction. Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood loss, fluid loss, or decreased intake and presents with tachycardia, hypotension, and decreased urine output. Initial management focuses on restoring circulating volume through fluid resuscitation and controlling any bleeding. Cardiogenic shock presents with cool skin, tachypnea, hypotension, and altered mental status and
Cardiac Transplantation
The document discusses indications for cardiac transplantation including refractory heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. It outlines the evaluation, donor criteria, surgical techniques, post-operative management including immunosuppression and complications of rejection, infection, and malignancy. Long-term outcomes are generally good with 1-year survival rates of 82% though risks include cardiac allograft vasculopathy and factors like age, pulmonary disease, and diabetes.
Shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Lack of blood flow means the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Many organs can be damaged as a result.
SHOCK[1].pptx
Shock is defined as a failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs. There are several stages and classifications of shock. The stages include compensated, progressive, and refractory stages. Classifications include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, and endocrine shock. Diagnosis involves symptoms, signs, and labs. Treatment depends on the shock classification but generally involves fluid resuscitation and treating the underlying cause. Goals are to restore perfusion and oxygen delivery while avoiding complications like multiple organ failure.
Similar to 3rd year lecture Haemorrhage and shock.pptx (20)
Pre-operative assessment, evaluation and preparation of a patient of Diabetes...
Pre-operative assessment, evaluation and preparation of a patient of Diabetes...
Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease & SHOCK
Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease & SHOCK
More from NAZMUS SAKIB
diagnostic technique.pptx
This document discusses various surgical diagnostic techniques and processes. It describes techniques like fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), biopsy, imaging investigations like ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and their purposes, advantages, disadvantages and applications. Frozen section technique, tissue and molecular diagnosis are also explained. The key diagnostic investigations, their strengths and limitations are summarized for accurate surgical diagnosis and management.
lec 3rd wound cont.pptx
This document provides information on different types of wounds and their management. It discusses chronic wounds, bite wounds, animal bite wounds, necrotizing soft tissue infections including gas gangrene and their signs, symptoms and treatment. It also covers tetanus, necrotizing fascitis and different types of abnormal scars including hypertrophic, keloid and their treatment options.
lec 3 rd year sinus.pptx
This document discusses sinus and fistula. It defines a sinus as a blind tract lined by granulation tissue connecting a cavity to an epithelial surface. It can be congenital or acquired. A fistula is an abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces lined by granulation tissue. Fistulas can be classified as congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, or iatrogenic. Both sinus and fistula may cause persistent discharge, pain, or induration. Investigations include imaging like contrast x-ray/CT and MRI. Treatment involves complete excision, adequate drainage, antibiotics, and rest. Causes of persistence include foreign bodies, necrotic tissue, insufficient drainage, distal obstruction, persistent drainage, lack of rest, or malignancy
lec 3 rd year pancreatitis.pptx
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis can be mild or severe, with severe cases having pancreatic necrosis, organ failure, and higher mortality. Chronic pancreatitis causes irreversible damage and loss of exocrine and endocrine function over time. Gallstones and alcohol are leading causes. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis involves blood tests of pancreatic enzymes and CT scan. Management focuses on supportive care, treating underlying causes, and addressing complications like organ failure.
lec 3 rd year fluid and electrolyte.pptx
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance. It begins by outlining the distribution of total body water and average daily water intake and output in adults. It then provides guidelines for calculating daily fluid requirements in children and adults. Various isotonic intravenous fluids are listed that can be used for fluid replacement based on electrolyte needs. Normal ranges and causes of electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia are described. Treatment approaches for correcting electrolyte abnormalities are also outlined.
3rd year septicemia.pptx
Dr. Md. Nazmus Sakib discusses the history and management of septicemia. Key points include that Ignaz Semmelweiss first introduced hand washing to reduce childbirth mortality, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, and the Sepsis Six bundle recommends giving IV fluids, antibiotics, and oxygen and monitoring output while taking blood cultures, full blood counts, and lactate levels to reduce sepsis mortality. Septicemia occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream from an infection and cause systemic symptoms, and if not promptly treated can lead to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Pain update.pptx
This document discusses pain management. It defines pain and describes the biopsychosocial model of pain. It then covers the physiology of pain, categories of pain by type, pain assessment tools like the 0-10 pain scale, and consequences of untreated pain. The goals of pain management are to relieve suffering and improve quality of life. General principles discussed include using the least invasive treatment first and reassessing frequently. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are described, including the WHO analgesic ladder as a framework for treating acute to chronic pain. The concept of multimodal analgesia to provide effective pain relief with reduced side effects is also introduced.
nutrition sakib.pptx
This document discusses nutritional support for surgical patients. It begins by noting that malnutrition is common in 30% of surgical patients with GIT diseases and 60% of long-term hospital patients. Nutritional support aims to identify at-risk patients and ensure proper support. Assessment tools like MUST are described to screen patients. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral when possible due to physiological advantages. Complications of both enteral and parenteral nutrition are outlined. The document emphasizes using enteral nutrition whenever the gut is available and reserving parenteral nutrition for clear contraindications to enteral feeding. A multidisciplinary team is ideal for optimizing nutritional care.
History, Evolution & Scope of surgery.pptx
Surgery has evolved significantly from ancient times to modern practice. Originally performed by barbers with basic tools, surgery is now a precise medical specialty. Key developments include improved anatomical knowledge, safe anesthesia in the 19th century, aseptic techniques, and specialty areas. The 20th century saw advances like organ transplantation, minimally invasive techniques using laparoscopy, robotics, and fiber optics. Once risky, many surgeries are now low-risk due to these technological and medical advances. The future will likely see more minimally invasive options and subspecialization within the field of surgery.
More from NAZMUS SAKIB (10)
Recently uploaded
Acute Gout Care & Urate Lowering Therapy .pdf
In this document , the management of acute gout attacks and a description of urate lowering therapy is mentioned.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Recently uploaded (20)
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
3rd year lecture Haemorrhage and shock.pptx
- 1. Shock & Haemorrhage Dr. Md. Nazmus Sakib Junior Consultant Email-sakibs23@gmail.com
- 2. After any complication the surgeon may feel worry and concern for the patient (91.5%), guilt (64.6%), anxiety (68.3%) and disappointment (63.4%).
- 3. Shock • Shock is a systemic state of low tissue perfusion that is in adequate for normal cellular respiration.
- 5. Classification • Haemorrahgic/ hypovolumic shock • Cardiogenic shock • Obstructive shock • Distributive shock • Endocrine shock
- 6. • Haemorrhagic shock- haemorrhage, dehydration , diarrhoea, third spacing of fluid. • Cardiogenic shock-myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmia, blunt myocardial injury. • Obstructive shock- decrease preload. Cardiac temponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism.
- 9. • Distributive shock-septic shock, anaphylaxis, spinal cord injury. – Vasodilatation – Low systemic vascular resistance – Histamin release
- 10. • Endocrine shock- combintion of cardiogenic, hypovolumic , distributive shock. Adrenal insufficiency
- 11. Effect of organ failure • Cardiac- cardiovascular failure • Lung- acute respiratory distress syndrome • Kidney-acute renal insufficiency • Liver –liver failure and coagulopathy • Brain- cerebral swelling and dysfunction
- 13. • Mild shock • Moderate shock • Severe shock
- 16. Haemorrhage Revealed haemorrhage Concealed haemorrhage Surgical haemorrhage Non surgical haemorrhage Primary haemorrhage Reactionary haemorrhage (within 24 hours) Secondary haemorrhage (7-14 days)
- 17. • Class I : <15% • Class II : 15-20% • Class III : 30-40% • Class IV : >40%
- 18. Causes of reactionary haemorrhage??? • Within 24 hours • Dislodgement of clot • Normalization of blood pressure • Vasodilation • Slippage of ligature
- 19. Monitoring for patient in shock Minimum • ECG • Pulse oximetry • Blood pressure • Urine output Additional modalities • Central venous pressure • Invasive blood pressure • Cardiac output • Base deficit and serum lactate
- 20. Indication of blood transfusion • Acute blood loss, to replace circulating volume and maintain oxygen delivery; • Perioperative anaemia, to ensure adequate oxygen delivery during the perioperative phase; • Symptomatic chronic anaemia, without haemorrhage or impending surgery.
- 23. Complication of blood transfusion • Single transfusion • Incompatibility hemolytic transfusion reaction • Febrile transfusion reaction • Allergic reaction • Infection (bac, hepatitis, HIV, malaria) • Air embolism • Thrombophlebitis • Transfusion related acute lung injury
- 24. Massive transfusion • Coagulopathy • Hypocalcaemia • Hyperkalaemia • Hyperkalaemia • hypothermia
- 25. Blood substitute • Biomimeic- hemoglobin based • Abiotic – perfluoro carbon based