3rd vulnerable plaque rumberger 3 16-02 1
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Electron beam tomography (EBT) is a scanning method introduced in 1984 that can rapidly image the heart using a scanning electron beam. EBT has been used in over 600 scientific papers to study cardiac imaging applications. One controversial application of EBT is its ability to determine and quantify coronary artery calcium. Coronary artery calcification is the hardening of the arteries that has been known for 300 years, but in the past 10 years it has been found to be an active process that can occur early in atherosclerotic plaque development and is an intimate part of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease, regulated similarly to bone mineralization and repair. EBT images show calcification corresponds to areas of atherosclerotic plaque seen on histology
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![Electron Beam TomographyElectron Beam Tomography
[EBT][EBT]
Is a unique and established tomographic scanning methodIs a unique and established tomographic scanning method
[1[1stst
introduced in 1984] using a scanning electron beamintroduced in 1984] using a scanning electron beam
rather than a rotating X-ray source [e.g. helical CT]rather than a rotating X-ray source [e.g. helical CT]
Rapidly images the patient’s heart [50 or 100 msec/image,Rapidly images the patient’s heart [50 or 100 msec/image,
Approximately 10 times faster than helical CT]Approximately 10 times faster than helical CT]
Imaging done synchronized at a phase of the cardiacImaging done synchronized at a phase of the cardiac
cycle corresponding to the least ballistic coronary motioncycle corresponding to the least ballistic coronary motion](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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The document discusses the role of lipoproteins, particularly LDL and HDL, in inflammation and atherosclerosis. LDL readily enters the artery wall where it can become modified, making it proinflammatory. Modified LDL stimulates expression of MCP-1, which recruits monocytes. Modified LDL also promotes differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. In contrast, HDL is potentially anti-inflammatory. Atherosclerosis is characterized as an inflammatory disease where lipoproteins influence multiple aspects of inflammation.
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This document discusses approaches to identifying and managing coronary risk. It states that the primary goal should be preventing acute cardiac events through intensive risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. Additionally, it notes that one third of sudden cardiac deaths and heart attacks occur in previously asymptomatic individuals with undiagnosed risk factors or pre-clinical disease. The document proposes identifying high-risk asymptomatic individuals through testing to provide prevention. It presents a risk stratification approach using testing like CRP, cholesterol, glucose and imaging to guide different levels of risk factor reduction and management.
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245 mri scanner
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This document outlines guidelines for defining vulnerable plaques and vulnerable patients from the Association for Eradication of Heart Attack. It discusses how atherosclerotic diseases are not limited to developed countries and are a major cause of death worldwide. Vulnerable plaques, myocardium, and hypercoagulable blood can lead to sudden cardiac death and heart attacks. The document proposes histological and clinical criteria for defining vulnerable plaques and screening methods. It also discusses diagnosing plaque inflammation, thin caps, endothelial dysfunction, and other factors at both the plaque and systemic level.
236 complement inhibitor
This document discusses the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It summarizes several studies that have found activation of the complement system and deposition of complement components in atherosclerotic plaques. C3 deficiency in mice is shown to result in larger lipid-positive areas and higher macrophage accumulation in plaques. The conclusion is that plaque maturation beyond early foam cell formation depends on an intact complement system, and complement activation should be considered in evaluating other inflammatory parameters associated with atherosclerosis. Complement inhibitors may have potential for preventing or stabilizing vulnerable plaques.
258 dr renu virmani
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042 introducing a novel model
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129 inflammation and culprit lesions
This document discusses inflammation in coronary arteries and culprit lesions. It finds that:
1. Inflammation is present in many non-culprit lesions, not just culprit lesions, based on a study of 74 coronary arteries.
2. Inflammation therefore has a very low positive predictive value (<3%) for identifying the actual culprit lesion responsible for a clinical event like a heart attack.
3. Inflammation appears to be a local arterial phenomenon, as cross-sectional sampling of inflammation in one part of an artery did not strongly correlate with levels in other parts or in paired left/right arteries.
140 mr imaging of fibrin
The document discusses research into using MRI with fibrin-targeted gadolinium contrast agents to detect vulnerable plaques associated with heart attacks, presenting findings that this approach can successfully identify fibrin deposits in thrombi in animal studies and has potential for sensitive detection of injured plaques in humans; it also notes the need for more studies to develop highly sensitive targeted contrast agents for multiple imaging modalities to identify vulnerable plaque features beyond structure.
076 cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
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154 plaque rupture definition
The document defines plaque rupture as the structural failure of the fibrocellular cap separating an atheromatous core from the lumen of an atherosclerotic artery. It then discusses factors that increase the propensity of plaque rupture like a lipid-rich core and lack of a fibrous cap. Several studies are summarized that show plaque rupture is the cause of fatal thrombosis in 75-100% of cases of acute MI and sudden cardiac death when examined post-mortem. The role of traditional risk factors like age, sex, cholesterol levels, and smoking in rupture vs. non-rupture cases is then assessed based on multiple studies.
228 crp, is it a risk factor not a risk marker
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115 genomic and proteomic screen
This document discusses the use of DNA microarrays in vulnerable plaque research. It provides background on atherosclerosis and describes how DNA microarrays allow high-throughput analysis of gene expression. The document outlines the basic steps of a microarray experiment and issues around data analysis and quality control. It summarizes several studies that used microarrays or related techniques to analyze gene expression in atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques. The author's research group aims to shed light on molecular mechanisms in atherosclerosis by examining differential gene and protein expression between stable and ruptured plaques using microarrays, proteomics, and other approaches.
160 5th vulnerable plaque symposium
This document announces an industry roundtable event on vulnerable plaque to be held on March 29, 2003 in Chicago. The roundtable aims to bring together cardiologists, researchers, and industry executives to discuss regulatory challenges, reimbursement issues, and identifying areas of common interest in developing and regulating new products for detecting and treating vulnerable plaque. The program will highlight emerging trends in treating heart disease caused by vulnerable plaque and the current regulatory climate for alternative clinical strategies. A panel of experts from academia, industry and government agencies will discuss these issues.
Acc 2005-1, v pl-vp
This document discusses approaches to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the need for new approaches. It summarizes that the emphasis is shifting from high risk plaques to high risk symptomatic patients, and from high risk asymptomatic to intermediate and low risk patients. It discusses diagnostic tools like magnetic resonance imaging to identify high risk asymptomatic patients and computed tomography to identify intermediate risk patients using coronary artery calcium scoring and CRP biomarkers. It also discusses prevention and treatment strategies like a polypill for acute coronary syndrome patients and those with chronic atherothrombosis.
191 spio and t2 effect
The study aimed to show the effect of macrophage uptake of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles on T2 relaxation time in vitro. Macrophages were incubated with different concentrations of Feridex, an SPIO contrast agent, for varying time periods. T2 relaxation times were measured after 20 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours. T2 values decreased with both increasing SPIO concentration and longer incubation time, demonstrating concentration- and time-dependent SPIO uptake by macrophages and corresponding reduction in T2 signal.
175 tissue contrast
1) Tissue contrast in MRI is determined by intrinsic factors like proton density and relaxation properties, as well as extrinsic factors like flow and contrast agents.
2) Image contrast is affected by the relative brightness of tissues, which depends on factors like surrounding tissue intensity and image windowing.
3) Noise reduces the ability to see low contrast structures and affects the perceived signal intensity. Increasing signal and optimizing machine parameters can increase signal-to-noise ratio.
213 oral apo ai mimetic peptide for reduction of atherosclerosis
I. The document discusses studies on the effects of oral administration of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides synthesized from D-amino acids in reducing atherosclerosis in mice. It was found to dramatically decrease lesions by 75-79% independent of changes in total or HDL cholesterol.
II. The peptide is proposed to be useful for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases caused by oxidized lipids. Its ability to reduce lesions orally suggests potential as a therapeutic agent.
III. Further studies are referenced that examine the mechanisms of action of apo A-I and analogs in protecting against atherosclerosis through reverse cholesterol transport and removal of oxidized lipids.
110 electron beam tomography
ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Imatron has pioneered many firsts in CT technology, including the first electronic CT scanner in 1983. Present capabilities of Imatron's EBT scanners include cardiac imaging at high heart rates, wide-volume perfusion imaging, and multi-phase cine imaging and vessel analysis. Future developments aim to further increase scan speed, reduce slice thickness, capture more cine frames, and automate analysis and reporting, with the goal of replacing invasive diagnostic angiography.
099 inhibitory effect on arterial injury
This study found that immune deficiency results in increased neointimal formation (thickening of the artery wall) after arterial injury in mice. Adoptive transfer of B cells from wild type mice to immune deficient Rag-1 KO mice inhibited neointimal formation in the Rag-1 KO mice after arterial injury, regardless of diet. The presence of immunoglobulins like IgM and IgG increased in the injured arteries of wild type mice and B cell reconstituted Rag-1 KO mice. This suggests that B cells and the production of natural antibodies may play a role in inhibiting neointimal formation after arterial injury.
202 vp watch of the year 2002
The document is a note from the editor of VP Watch thanking readers and summarizing their accomplishments in 2002. It discusses providing 52 weekly and 260 daily issues of VP Watch, as well as 10 supplements. It also discusses maintaining and growing the VP.org website, which saw daily hits increase from 100 to over 56,000. Additionally, it organized the 3rd and 4th Vulnerable Plaque Symposia at conferences in 2002. The editor credits the success to the hard work of the VP.org Team at the Center for Vulnerable Plaque Research in Texas.
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244 importance of vascular remodelling
Shear stress regulation and vascular remodeling in response to changes in blood flow were found to differ significantly between rat strains. A study examining the effects of chronic flow alteration in the carotid arteries of genetically hypertensive (GH) rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) rats identified the SHR-SP strain as poor regulators of shear stress compared to the GH strain. These findings suggest the strains have differential sensitivity to blood flow changes and differences in the mechanisms mediating vascular adaptation and remodeling. Further research using this model may help identify key genes involved in flow-mediated processes and remodeling, providing novel therapeutic targets for diseases involving vascular remodeling.
183 postulated mechanisms of insulin resistance
This document discusses several potential mechanisms of insulin resistance including increased levels and activity of PTP-1B, impaired phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS-1, reduced PI-3 kinase activity, and attenuated insulin signaling. This leads to reduced phosphorylation of ApoB or its chaperone, enhanced stability and accelerated assembly of ApoB, and overproduction of VLDL. The document also discusses the contribution of intestinal lipoproteins to metabolic dyslipidemia in insulin resistance, and a hypothesis that fasting and postprandial hyperlipidemia in insulin resistant states may be attributable in part to intestinal oversecretion of apoB-48 containing lipoproteins.
093 multi slice fast ct
This document discusses the use of electron beam tomography (EBT) and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) to detect and quantify coronary artery calcification as a means to identify asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of coronary events. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of coronary calcium detected by EBT. EBT and MSCT have sufficient resolution to visualize coronary arteries non-invasively. While calcium does not indicate vulnerable plaque, the amount of calcium correlates with overall plaque burden. Future studies will help define the role of calcium detection in clinical risk stratification, though MSCT has not yet been used in outcome studies. The meaning of non-calcified plaque detected by EBT and MSCT also requires further clarification.
093 multi slice fast ct
1) EBT and MSCT can visualize coronary arteries with sufficient resolution due to their temporal and spatial capabilities.
2) Clinical studies have shown coronary calcium detection via EBT can successfully identify asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of coronary events.
3) The prognostic value of non-calcified plaques detected by EBT and MSCT after contrast injection is still unclear. Future studies will help define the role of coronary calcium detection in risk stratification.
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236 complement inhibitor
This document discusses the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It summarizes several studies that have found activation of the complement system and deposition of complement components in atherosclerotic plaques. C3 deficiency in mice is shown to result in larger lipid-positive areas and higher macrophage accumulation in plaques. The conclusion is that plaque maturation beyond early foam cell formation depends on an intact complement system, and complement activation should be considered in evaluating other inflammatory parameters associated with atherosclerosis. Complement inhibitors may have potential for preventing or stabilizing vulnerable plaques.
258 dr renu virmani
Dr. Renu Virmani is the Chairperson of the Department of Cardiovascular Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, DC. She received her medical degrees in India and has held positions at multiple universities in the United States. Dr. Virmani has established an independent research program focused on cardiovascular pathology, publishing over 300 papers. She leads a department of 23 researchers studying devices, sudden death, and cardiovascular diseases.
042 introducing a novel model
This document summarizes studies examining methods to track macrophage recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques. Initial EM studies in pigs found bi-directional movement of foam cells through the endothelium. Subsequent studies labeled monocytes with fluorescent dyes or microspheres and tracked their recruitment to plaques in pigs and mice. A newer method used PCR to detect transfusion of male monocytes into female mice. The presented study examined the effects of cytokines on SPIO uptake in plaques of ApoE-deficient mice, finding greater iron particle deposition in cytokine-treated mice, indicating increased monocyte recruitment. This suggests SPIO could non-invasively monitor monocyte recruitment during MRI.
129 inflammation and culprit lesions
This document discusses inflammation in coronary arteries and culprit lesions. It finds that:
1. Inflammation is present in many non-culprit lesions, not just culprit lesions, based on a study of 74 coronary arteries.
2. Inflammation therefore has a very low positive predictive value (<3%) for identifying the actual culprit lesion responsible for a clinical event like a heart attack.
3. Inflammation appears to be a local arterial phenomenon, as cross-sectional sampling of inflammation in one part of an artery did not strongly correlate with levels in other parts or in paired left/right arteries.
140 mr imaging of fibrin
The document discusses research into using MRI with fibrin-targeted gadolinium contrast agents to detect vulnerable plaques associated with heart attacks, presenting findings that this approach can successfully identify fibrin deposits in thrombi in animal studies and has potential for sensitive detection of injured plaques in humans; it also notes the need for more studies to develop highly sensitive targeted contrast agents for multiple imaging modalities to identify vulnerable plaque features beyond structure.
076 cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
MRI can effectively evaluate patients presenting to the emergency department with possible acute coronary syndrome. In a study of 161 such patients, MRI had higher sensitivity and specificity than electrocardiography, troponin levels, or clinical risk scores for detecting acute coronary syndrome, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. Regional wall motion abnormalities detected by MRI had 89% sensitivity and 99% specificity for detecting ischemic heart disease compared to 67% sensitivity and 99% specificity for detecting ischemic heart disease using delayed hyperenhancement. MRI provides accurate information to guide patient management in the emergency department.
154 plaque rupture definition
The document defines plaque rupture as the structural failure of the fibrocellular cap separating an atheromatous core from the lumen of an atherosclerotic artery. It then discusses factors that increase the propensity of plaque rupture like a lipid-rich core and lack of a fibrous cap. Several studies are summarized that show plaque rupture is the cause of fatal thrombosis in 75-100% of cases of acute MI and sudden cardiac death when examined post-mortem. The role of traditional risk factors like age, sex, cholesterol levels, and smoking in rupture vs. non-rupture cases is then assessed based on multiple studies.
228 crp, is it a risk factor not a risk marker
This document summarizes several studies on C-reactive protein (CRP) and its role in atherosclerosis. It finds that CRP is an active player in atherosclerosis rather than just a risk marker. CRP was found to directly promote endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, macrophage LDL uptake, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion. Blocking CRP's effects through endothelin receptor antagonism or interleukin-6 inhibition reduced these proatherogenic effects. Therefore, CRP may directly facilitate the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis and represent a potential therapeutic target for reducing cardiovascular risk.
115 genomic and proteomic screen
This document discusses the use of DNA microarrays in vulnerable plaque research. It provides background on atherosclerosis and describes how DNA microarrays allow high-throughput analysis of gene expression. The document outlines the basic steps of a microarray experiment and issues around data analysis and quality control. It summarizes several studies that used microarrays or related techniques to analyze gene expression in atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques. The author's research group aims to shed light on molecular mechanisms in atherosclerosis by examining differential gene and protein expression between stable and ruptured plaques using microarrays, proteomics, and other approaches.
160 5th vulnerable plaque symposium
This document announces an industry roundtable event on vulnerable plaque to be held on March 29, 2003 in Chicago. The roundtable aims to bring together cardiologists, researchers, and industry executives to discuss regulatory challenges, reimbursement issues, and identifying areas of common interest in developing and regulating new products for detecting and treating vulnerable plaque. The program will highlight emerging trends in treating heart disease caused by vulnerable plaque and the current regulatory climate for alternative clinical strategies. A panel of experts from academia, industry and government agencies will discuss these issues.
Acc 2005-1, v pl-vp
This document discusses approaches to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the need for new approaches. It summarizes that the emphasis is shifting from high risk plaques to high risk symptomatic patients, and from high risk asymptomatic to intermediate and low risk patients. It discusses diagnostic tools like magnetic resonance imaging to identify high risk asymptomatic patients and computed tomography to identify intermediate risk patients using coronary artery calcium scoring and CRP biomarkers. It also discusses prevention and treatment strategies like a polypill for acute coronary syndrome patients and those with chronic atherothrombosis.
191 spio and t2 effect
The study aimed to show the effect of macrophage uptake of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles on T2 relaxation time in vitro. Macrophages were incubated with different concentrations of Feridex, an SPIO contrast agent, for varying time periods. T2 relaxation times were measured after 20 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours. T2 values decreased with both increasing SPIO concentration and longer incubation time, demonstrating concentration- and time-dependent SPIO uptake by macrophages and corresponding reduction in T2 signal.
175 tissue contrast
1) Tissue contrast in MRI is determined by intrinsic factors like proton density and relaxation properties, as well as extrinsic factors like flow and contrast agents.
2) Image contrast is affected by the relative brightness of tissues, which depends on factors like surrounding tissue intensity and image windowing.
3) Noise reduces the ability to see low contrast structures and affects the perceived signal intensity. Increasing signal and optimizing machine parameters can increase signal-to-noise ratio.
213 oral apo ai mimetic peptide for reduction of atherosclerosis
I. The document discusses studies on the effects of oral administration of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides synthesized from D-amino acids in reducing atherosclerosis in mice. It was found to dramatically decrease lesions by 75-79% independent of changes in total or HDL cholesterol.
II. The peptide is proposed to be useful for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases caused by oxidized lipids. Its ability to reduce lesions orally suggests potential as a therapeutic agent.
III. Further studies are referenced that examine the mechanisms of action of apo A-I and analogs in protecting against atherosclerosis through reverse cholesterol transport and removal of oxidized lipids.
110 electron beam tomography
ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Imatron has pioneered many firsts in CT technology, including the first electronic CT scanner in 1983. Present capabilities of Imatron's EBT scanners include cardiac imaging at high heart rates, wide-volume perfusion imaging, and multi-phase cine imaging and vessel analysis. Future developments aim to further increase scan speed, reduce slice thickness, capture more cine frames, and automate analysis and reporting, with the goal of replacing invasive diagnostic angiography.
099 inhibitory effect on arterial injury
This study found that immune deficiency results in increased neointimal formation (thickening of the artery wall) after arterial injury in mice. Adoptive transfer of B cells from wild type mice to immune deficient Rag-1 KO mice inhibited neointimal formation in the Rag-1 KO mice after arterial injury, regardless of diet. The presence of immunoglobulins like IgM and IgG increased in the injured arteries of wild type mice and B cell reconstituted Rag-1 KO mice. This suggests that B cells and the production of natural antibodies may play a role in inhibiting neointimal formation after arterial injury.
202 vp watch of the year 2002
The document is a note from the editor of VP Watch thanking readers and summarizing their accomplishments in 2002. It discusses providing 52 weekly and 260 daily issues of VP Watch, as well as 10 supplements. It also discusses maintaining and growing the VP.org website, which saw daily hits increase from 100 to over 56,000. Additionally, it organized the 3rd and 4th Vulnerable Plaque Symposia at conferences in 2002. The editor credits the success to the hard work of the VP.org Team at the Center for Vulnerable Plaque Research in Texas.
The Impact of carotid plaque screening on motivation for smoking cessation a...
Presented by:
Nicolas Rodondi, MD, MAS, Reto Auer, MD, Patrick J. Devine, MD, Patrick G. O’Malley, MD, MPH, Daniel Hayoz, MD, Jacques Cornuz, MD, MPH
244 importance of vascular remodelling
Shear stress regulation and vascular remodeling in response to changes in blood flow were found to differ significantly between rat strains. A study examining the effects of chronic flow alteration in the carotid arteries of genetically hypertensive (GH) rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) rats identified the SHR-SP strain as poor regulators of shear stress compared to the GH strain. These findings suggest the strains have differential sensitivity to blood flow changes and differences in the mechanisms mediating vascular adaptation and remodeling. Further research using this model may help identify key genes involved in flow-mediated processes and remodeling, providing novel therapeutic targets for diseases involving vascular remodeling.
183 postulated mechanisms of insulin resistance
This document discusses several potential mechanisms of insulin resistance including increased levels and activity of PTP-1B, impaired phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS-1, reduced PI-3 kinase activity, and attenuated insulin signaling. This leads to reduced phosphorylation of ApoB or its chaperone, enhanced stability and accelerated assembly of ApoB, and overproduction of VLDL. The document also discusses the contribution of intestinal lipoproteins to metabolic dyslipidemia in insulin resistance, and a hypothesis that fasting and postprandial hyperlipidemia in insulin resistant states may be attributable in part to intestinal oversecretion of apoB-48 containing lipoproteins.
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213 oral apo ai mimetic peptide for reduction of atherosclerosis
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This document discusses the use of electron beam tomography (EBT) and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) to detect and quantify coronary artery calcification as a means to identify asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of coronary events. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of coronary calcium detected by EBT. EBT and MSCT have sufficient resolution to visualize coronary arteries non-invasively. While calcium does not indicate vulnerable plaque, the amount of calcium correlates with overall plaque burden. Future studies will help define the role of calcium detection in clinical risk stratification, though MSCT has not yet been used in outcome studies. The meaning of non-calcified plaque detected by EBT and MSCT also requires further clarification.
093 multi slice fast ct
1) EBT and MSCT can visualize coronary arteries with sufficient resolution due to their temporal and spatial capabilities.
2) Clinical studies have shown coronary calcium detection via EBT can successfully identify asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of coronary events.
3) The prognostic value of non-calcified plaques detected by EBT and MSCT after contrast injection is still unclear. Future studies will help define the role of coronary calcium detection in risk stratification.
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McGee Stem Cell 2012
1. Adult stem cells isolated from fat (h-ASC) have shown promising results in treating various diseases and improving health. They have been tested for over 9 years in canine clinics with remarkable results and early human trials show benefits for conditions like heart and lung disease.
2. h-ASC are abundant, inexpensive, and simple to produce autologously via liposuction. They may provide hope for currently untreatable diseases and have anti-aging properties. NASA is studying their potential for treating astronaut health issues in space.
3. However, legal and regulatory issues regarding stem cells and their classification have limited clinical availability in the US despite their autologous nature and positive results in other countries. Further research
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Loops Around the Heart – A Giant Snakelike Right Coronary Artery Ectasia with...
Coronary artery dilatation is an uncommon finding and is incidentally found during diagnostic coronary angiography or at necropsy.
The pathogenesis of dilatation of coronary arteries is still not very
well understood and therapeutic strategies are not clear. It is useful to know the difference between aneurysm and ectasia. In this
report we demonstrate the diagnostic workup of an asymptomatic
patient with a remarkable snakelike dilatation of the right coronary
artery with unique convolute. For the first time we used intracoronary injection and simultaneous echocardiographic visualization
of contrast agent (Sonovue) to proof a fistula to the coronary sinus.
Like our patient, most of the patients are asymptomatic in absence
of coronary artery disease and we decided on a conservative approach because of his very complex anatomy
DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND FOR THE DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CHANGES INSIDE FEM...
DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND FOR THE DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CHANGES INSIDE FEM...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
This document summarizes a study that used diagnostic ultrasound to detect atherosclerotic changes in the femoral arteries of the lower limbs. The study examined 5 cases with a history of high blood pressure and an unbalanced diet. Ultrasound images of the femoral arteries were analyzed for changes from the normal triphasic waveform pattern. Atherosclerosis was indicated by the presence of a biphasic waveform with prolonged diastole and reduced systole peaks, or a monophasic waveform with only a low systole peak and no diastole. The degree of change correlated with the severity of atherosclerotic changes. Ultrasound was found to be a good non-invasive method for detecting atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries.Ultrasound thyroid nodule
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Kim Solez Renal transplant pathology and future perspectives corefall2016
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CHEST Ultrasound Comel - Tail Images
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3) Ul
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presentationforensicradiology_150419160811_conversion_gate02_2.pdf
Radiology plays an important role in forensic investigations by providing diagnostic images that can aid in identification, determine causes of death or injury, and detect foreign objects. Some key techniques discussed include x-rays, CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Identification can be achieved by comparing ante-mortem and post-mortem images to match unique anatomical features, dental work, implants or injuries. Fracture patterns seen on imaging help determine whether injuries were accidental or from abuse. Location of bullets, bullet fragments or other foreign objects within the body is also assessed radiographically. Forensic radiology thus provides objective medical evidence for legal proceedings.
Presentation forensic radiology
Radiology plays an important role in forensic investigations by using various imaging techniques like x-rays, CT scans, MRI and ultrasound. It helps identify individuals by comparing ante-mortem and post-mortem images of bones, teeth and implants. It can detect and document injuries, determine the cause of death by locating bullets, fractures and foreign objects. Imaging helps determine if injuries are accidental or non-accidental in cases of child and domestic abuse. It is also used to study firearm injuries by locating bullet paths and fragments. Forensic radiology thus provides crucial medical evidence for legal investigations and proceedings.
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This document outlines an approach to identifying and managing coronary risk. It recommends that prevention must be the primary goal through intensive global risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. It also recommends identifying asymptomatic high-risk individuals through testing like the Framingham Risk Score so they can receive prevention. It proposes a risk stratification approach from low to very high risk based on annual risk levels and corresponding testing and treatments, with very high risk patients receiving the most intensive treatments like invasive detection of unstable plaques and procedures like CABG or multiple drug-eluting stents.
101205 shape aha 2005 f
Zahi A. Fayad is an Associate Professor who studies molecular imaging of atherosclerosis using MRI. His research focuses on developing targeted contrast agents to noninvasively detect unstable plaque. Some agents under investigation include annexin A5 labeled with a radioisotope to detect apoptosis, FDG-PET to assess plaque activity, and fibrin-targeted and MMP-targeting Gd-based contrasts. Additional work involves lipid-based particulate agents using reconstituted HDL or iron oxide nanoparticles. The goal is to improve MRI detection sensitivity and specificity for high-risk plaque characterization.
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This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography (CTA) to detect and characterize coronary atherosclerosis beyond just detecting coronary stenoses. CTA can identify calcified plaques, non-calcified plaques, mixed plaques, atheromas, thrombi, and myocardial infarction scars. CTA provides information on plaque composition and distribution that can help understand coronary artery disease and be used to follow patients under therapy. The limitations of CTA include artifacts from cardiac motion, breathing, blooming effect, and poor contrast opacification of small vessels. Advances in multislice CT technology are helping to address some of these limitations.
Acc presentation macrophage (1)
This document proposes a non-invasive method using SPIO (super paramagnetic iron oxide) nanoparticles to image macrophage infiltration and inflammation in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Rabbits and mice were injected with SPIO, which accumulated in inflamed plaque areas correlated with macrophage density. SPIO-enhanced MRI then successfully identified these inflamed plaques non-invasively in vivo. This technique could provide a way to detect rupture-prone plaques and better understand plaque vulnerability.
Acc v porg
This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography (CTA) to detect and characterize coronary atherosclerosis beyond just detecting coronary stenoses. CTA can identify calcified plaques, non-calcified plaques, and mixed plaques. It can detect atheromas and characterize plaque density. CTA can also identify intracoronary thrombi and myocardial infarction scars. The document outlines the CTA scanning parameters and techniques used to minimize motion artifacts and optimize image quality for plaque detection and characterization.
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Ac cculprit
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Acc 2002 mehran for print
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Acc2002 thermography
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#1 killer of human beings in the 21st century
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A20 is an atherosclerosis
The document presents findings on the A20 gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein that inhibits NF-kB activity and TNF-induced apoptosis. The study found that C57 and FVB mouse strains have a coding difference in A20 that generates a putative phosphorylation site in C57 mice. Experiments showed the C57 version of A20 is less effective at shutting down NF-kB activity and C57 cells are less susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis. This suggests the A20 variation could contribute to differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between C57 and FVB strains by affecting inflammation and apoptosis.
103100
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259 crp as a risk factor
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This document contains fluorescence intensity measurements from a fluorescence-based assay using different concentrations of FITC-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FITC SPIO). The measurements are organized in a table with concentrations of FITC SPIO along the left and average fluorescence units per well and standard deviations for different samples labeled with letters in the cells.
510 does lxr links lipid metabolism to inflammation, or ppar
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- 1. EBT Calcium Score:EBT Calcium Score: A Clue to Invulnerable PlaquesA Clue to Invulnerable Plaques In Vulnerable PatientsIn Vulnerable Patients John A. Rumberger, PhD, MD, FACCJohn A. Rumberger, PhD, MD, FACC Clinical Professor of Medicine, Ohio State UniversityClinical Professor of Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Director, OhioHeartMedical Director, OhioHeart Columbus, OhioColumbus, Ohio The 3rd Vulnerable Plaque Symposium 51st Annual ACC, Atlanta GA, 3/16/02
- 2. Electron Beam TomographyElectron Beam Tomography [EBT][EBT] Is a unique and established tomographic scanning methodIs a unique and established tomographic scanning method [1[1stst introduced in 1984] using a scanning electron beamintroduced in 1984] using a scanning electron beam rather than a rotating X-ray source [e.g. helical CT]rather than a rotating X-ray source [e.g. helical CT] Rapidly images the patient’s heart [50 or 100 msec/image,Rapidly images the patient’s heart [50 or 100 msec/image, Approximately 10 times faster than helical CT]Approximately 10 times faster than helical CT] Imaging done synchronized at a phase of the cardiacImaging done synchronized at a phase of the cardiac cycle corresponding to the least ballistic coronary motioncycle corresponding to the least ballistic coronary motion
- 3. Electron Beam TomographyElectron Beam Tomography Over the past 18 years there have > 600 scientificOver the past 18 years there have > 600 scientific papers published regarding EBT validation andpapers published regarding EBT validation and applications for cardiac imagingapplications for cardiac imaging However, theHowever, the applicationapplication receiving the mostreceiving the most ““notice” (and controversy) has been its ability tonotice” (and controversy) has been its ability to determine and quantify Coronary Artery Calciumdetermine and quantify Coronary Artery Calcium
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- 5. Coronary Artery CalciumCoronary Artery Calcium and Atherosclerotic Plaqueand Atherosclerotic Plaque Histology X-Ray
- 6. Coronary Artery CalciumCoronary Artery Calcium and Atherosclerotic Plaqueand Atherosclerotic Plaque Histology X-Ray