The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
The document provides answers to interview questions about 3G/WCDMA/UMTS technology. It describes:
1) The different RRC states - Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, URA PCH and the characteristics of each.
2) The conditions for a UE to be in the Cell FACH state, such as not requiring a continuous connection or for location updates.
3) The differences between the Cell PCH and URA PCH states, with the URA PCH avoiding multiple transitions to Cell FACH when traveling between cells.
4) Other topics covered include radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handover, types of measurements, what paging
The document discusses SDH/SONET alarms and performance monitoring. It begins with an introduction to relevant standards bodies and then covers:
- Alarm types like LOF, AIS, and RDI found in different sections of the SDH frame including the regenerator, multiplex, and path overhead areas.
- Defect naming conventions and how defects are correlated to avoid unnecessary alarms.
- Performance monitoring parameters and what different path levels in the SDH hierarchy represent.
- Examples of how circuits like DS1 and DS3 are carried by SONET through different layers.
The document provides an overview of Next Generation Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (NG-SDH) which brings together SONET/SDH and Ethernet networks. It discusses how virtual concatenation allows efficient transport of Ethernet and other services over SDH networks by virtually concatenating payloads across multiple containers. Sequence indicators and frame counters are used to distinguish and maintain timing between virtually concatenated members. This overcomes issues with inefficient contiguous concatenation and fixed payload sizes in traditional SDH.
The document discusses Radio Resource Control (RRC) in UMTS, including RRC states, functions, and procedures. It describes the four RRC states - CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH. CELL_DCH has a dedicated channel allocated, while the others do not. CELL_FACH continuously monitors a common channel. CELL_PCH and URA_PCH use discontinuous reception on a paging channel. URA_PCH location is known on the UTRAN registration area level. The document also answers questions about RRC, including differentiating RRC states, conditions for CELL_FACH
This document contains a 20 question quiz about wireless networks and 4G LTE. It covers topics like average upload/download speeds of 4G LTE networks, how 4G LTE compares to 3G, characteristics of 4G, acronyms related to wireless networks, expected data rates of 4G, and applications that use Bluetooth. It also contains a 20 question quiz on wireless local area networks, characteristics of HSDPA, features of cellular networks, standards related to 3G networks, and applications of 3G mobile networks.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
Fast detection of number of antenna ports in lte systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
In LTE system, during initial cell selection UE is unaware about the number of antennas used by eNB for transmission. So, UE blindly tries multiple times to detect the right number of antennas used for transmission in the system. This wastes lot of time and UE processing power, as UE needs to do channel estimation, equalization/demodulation, decoding process multiple times with assumption of 1 or 2 and 4 antenna ports each time.
The objective of this paper is to find out a faster and efficient method for detecting the number of antenna ports used by the eNB for signal transmission. A new method is explored for detecting the number of eNB transmit antennas before starting PBCH decoding and CRC checking by exploiting the presence of downlink reference signals at various Resource Element (RE) positions in the Resource Blocks (RB) and using the PBCH SFBC data patterns. This helps for faster detection of number of antennas used for transmission that in turn helps to reduce the UE power consumption as well as reduces the initial cell search time.
Keywords: UE- User Equipment, LTE- Long-Term Evolution, eNB- evolved Node B, RAT- Radio Access Technology, PBCH- Physical Broadcast Channel, SFBC- Space Frequency Block Codes, DL – Down Link.
The document discusses Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and its advantages over Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH). It describes some key components of SDH including section overhead bytes, path overhead bytes, virtual containers, tributary units, and administrative units. It also provides definitions and functions of various overhead bytes used for frame alignment, error monitoring, data communication, and other purposes in SDH networks.
The document provides answers to interview questions about 3G/WCDMA/UMTS technology. It describes:
1) The different RRC states - Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, URA PCH and the characteristics of each.
2) The conditions for a UE to be in the Cell FACH state, such as not requiring a continuous connection or for location updates.
3) The differences between the Cell PCH and URA PCH states, with the URA PCH avoiding multiple transitions to Cell FACH when traveling between cells.
4) Other topics covered include radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handover, types of measurements, what paging
The document discusses SDH/SONET alarms and performance monitoring. It begins with an introduction to relevant standards bodies and then covers:
- Alarm types like LOF, AIS, and RDI found in different sections of the SDH frame including the regenerator, multiplex, and path overhead areas.
- Defect naming conventions and how defects are correlated to avoid unnecessary alarms.
- Performance monitoring parameters and what different path levels in the SDH hierarchy represent.
- Examples of how circuits like DS1 and DS3 are carried by SONET through different layers.
The document provides an overview of Next Generation Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (NG-SDH) which brings together SONET/SDH and Ethernet networks. It discusses how virtual concatenation allows efficient transport of Ethernet and other services over SDH networks by virtually concatenating payloads across multiple containers. Sequence indicators and frame counters are used to distinguish and maintain timing between virtually concatenated members. This overcomes issues with inefficient contiguous concatenation and fixed payload sizes in traditional SDH.
The document discusses Radio Resource Control (RRC) in UMTS, including RRC states, functions, and procedures. It describes the four RRC states - CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH. CELL_DCH has a dedicated channel allocated, while the others do not. CELL_FACH continuously monitors a common channel. CELL_PCH and URA_PCH use discontinuous reception on a paging channel. URA_PCH location is known on the UTRAN registration area level. The document also answers questions about RRC, including differentiating RRC states, conditions for CELL_FACH
This document contains a 20 question quiz about wireless networks and 4G LTE. It covers topics like average upload/download speeds of 4G LTE networks, how 4G LTE compares to 3G, characteristics of 4G, acronyms related to wireless networks, expected data rates of 4G, and applications that use Bluetooth. It also contains a 20 question quiz on wireless local area networks, characteristics of HSDPA, features of cellular networks, standards related to 3G networks, and applications of 3G mobile networks.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
Fast detection of number of antenna ports in lte systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
In LTE system, during initial cell selection UE is unaware about the number of antennas used by eNB for transmission. So, UE blindly tries multiple times to detect the right number of antennas used for transmission in the system. This wastes lot of time and UE processing power, as UE needs to do channel estimation, equalization/demodulation, decoding process multiple times with assumption of 1 or 2 and 4 antenna ports each time.
The objective of this paper is to find out a faster and efficient method for detecting the number of antenna ports used by the eNB for signal transmission. A new method is explored for detecting the number of eNB transmit antennas before starting PBCH decoding and CRC checking by exploiting the presence of downlink reference signals at various Resource Element (RE) positions in the Resource Blocks (RB) and using the PBCH SFBC data patterns. This helps for faster detection of number of antennas used for transmission that in turn helps to reduce the UE power consumption as well as reduces the initial cell search time.
Keywords: UE- User Equipment, LTE- Long-Term Evolution, eNB- evolved Node B, RAT- Radio Access Technology, PBCH- Physical Broadcast Channel, SFBC- Space Frequency Block Codes, DL – Down Link.
The document discusses Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and its advantages over Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH). It describes some key components of SDH including section overhead bytes, path overhead bytes, virtual containers, tributary units, and administrative units. It also provides definitions and functions of various overhead bytes used for frame alignment, error monitoring, data communication, and other purposes in SDH networks.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for performing 3GPP Rel-5 transmitter characteristics, receiver characteristics, and performance tests using the R&S CMU200 instrument. It covers tests such as maximum output power, code domain power accuracy, spectrum emission mask, error vector magnitude, channel quality indicator reporting, and HS-SCCH detection performance. The document also includes *.sav files for recalling predefined test configurations for a UE supporting band I and power class 3.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
The document discusses HSPA MAC-centric technologies including HSDPA and HSUPA. It provides an overview of 3GPP UMTS evolution from Release 5 to Release 8, which introduced HSDPA and HSUPA to improve peak data rates and reduce latency. It describes key aspects of HSPA such as the location of MAC-hs at the Node B to enable fast scheduling and HARQ, as well as transport and physical channels used in HSDPA and HSUPA like HS-DSCH, E-DCH, HS-SCCH, and HS-DPCCH. It also covers flow control between the Node B and RNC and enhancements introduced in Release 6.
This document discusses network optimization techniques including:
1. Monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as transmitted carrier power, code tree allocation, and channel element allocation to identify issues.
2. Performing analysis of KPIs to locate root causes of failures in specific network elements or cells.
3. Proposing solutions such as adjusting signal transmission power limits, code tree rearrangement, or adding network capacity to address problems identified through monitoring and analysis.
Overview of current communications systemsMohd Arif
The document provides an overview of current communications systems, including the growth and evolution of cellular technologies from 1G to 3G. It summarizes the key 2G technologies like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA, as well as 2.5G and 3G standards that support higher data rates. It also discusses emerging broadband wireless services for local and personal area networks using technologies like Wi-Fi, HIPERLAN, and Bluetooth.
The document discusses the framing structure of SDH and various alarms that can occur in SDH networks. It explains the hierarchy from STM-1 frame down to VC-4 and tributary unit levels. It then describes alarms like LOS, LOF, LOP that can happen at different levels due to issues like signal loss, missing frames, or lost pointers. It also covers alarms for indicating defects or errors like AIS, RDI, REI, BIP and methods for error monitoring using bytes in the SDH frame.
PDH and SDH are digital multiplexing techniques. PDH uses asynchronous multiplexing and operates over asynchronous networks, applying positive justification. It allows tributary clocks to differ slightly. SDH uses synchronous multiplexing and operates over synchronous networks, applying zero justification. Tributary clocks must be synchronized to a master clock. SDH was developed to simplify interconnection between network operators and expand compatibility by establishing a international standard to replace the different PDH standards.
The document discusses the physical layer design of WCDMA networks. It provides an overview of WCDMA network architecture and the UMTS network model. It then describes the physical channels, transport formats, channel coding, spreading techniques and code types used in the WCDMA uplink and downlink. Key aspects covered include dedicated and common physical channels, orthogonal variable spreading factor channelization codes, scrambling codes, and transport block sets.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
WCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
The document summarizes the air interface protocol stack and channels in LTE. It discusses:
1. The protocol stack includes application, IP, and transport layers that process data and signaling messages. These pass to the physical layer which has transport, physical channel, and analog processors.
2. Logical, transport, and physical channels carry data and control information between protocol layers. Logical channels include dedicated and common channels. Transport channels include shared, broadcast, multicast and random access channels.
3. Physical channels are distinguished by how the physical layer manipulates and maps them. Major channels include shared, broadcast, multicast, random access and control channels.
The document discusses various topics related to UMTS interview questions. It describes the different Radio Resource Control (RRC) states a UE can be in, including Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH, and URA_PCH. It explains the characteristics and examples of each state. The document also covers cell search procedure, radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handovers, types of measurements, and the purpose of paging in mobile networks.
This document provides an overview of the key components and protocols in 3G and 4G mobile networks. It includes a high-level diagram of the overall 4G architecture and summaries of protocols like S1, X2, NAS, RRC. Key concepts covered include the PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers, QoS classes, paging, attachment, handover procedures between eNodeBs and between 4G and 3G networks.
This document provides an overview of the LTE physical channel structure and procedures between the eNB and UE. It describes the LTE architecture and introduces the main physical channels including downlink channels like PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH and uplink channels like PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH. It explains the channel mapping and provides examples of the initial access procedure and synchronization signal transmission. Key concepts covered are radio interface protocol stacks, channel coding, multiple access, and reference signals.
This document discusses enhancements to the physical layer of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10). It describes the downlink and uplink physical layer designs, including orthogonal multiple access schemes, reference signals, control signaling, and data transmission methods. It also covers support for time division duplexing, half-duplex frequency division duplexing, and UE categories defined in 3GPP Release 8. The goal of LTE-Advanced is to further improve the LTE standard to meet the requirements of IMT-Advanced.
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
Channel coding transforms binary data bits into signal elements that can be transmitted. It involves selecting a coding scheme to avoid high frequencies, direct current, and ensure timing control. Common line codes include alternate mark inversion (AMI), high-density bipolar three zeros (HDB3), and coded mark inverted (CMI). These codes ensure sufficient transitions to maintain synchronization and embed timing information while removing the dc component.
The document discusses an LTE training course agenda presented by the OAI Project Team. It covers topics including LTE overview, channels in LTE, cell search procedure, system information, and random access procedure. For each topic, it provides outlines, descriptions, and diagrams. The random access procedure section explains its main purpose is to achieve uplink synchronization and assign a unique UE identifier C-RNTI.
IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
This document discusses Nokia's 3G Application Aware RAN solution which enables real-time application differentiation and prioritization in 3G networks. It analyzes growing mobile data usage and shifting usage patterns. Existing QoS solutions are limited and cannot differentiate applications or account for real-time network conditions. Nokia's solution leverages core network intelligence and RAN awareness to detect applications and enforce policies. Test results showed prioritized applications experienced significantly improved performance even during congestion.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for performing 3GPP Rel-5 transmitter characteristics, receiver characteristics, and performance tests using the R&S CMU200 instrument. It covers tests such as maximum output power, code domain power accuracy, spectrum emission mask, error vector magnitude, channel quality indicator reporting, and HS-SCCH detection performance. The document also includes *.sav files for recalling predefined test configurations for a UE supporting band I and power class 3.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
The document discusses HSPA MAC-centric technologies including HSDPA and HSUPA. It provides an overview of 3GPP UMTS evolution from Release 5 to Release 8, which introduced HSDPA and HSUPA to improve peak data rates and reduce latency. It describes key aspects of HSPA such as the location of MAC-hs at the Node B to enable fast scheduling and HARQ, as well as transport and physical channels used in HSDPA and HSUPA like HS-DSCH, E-DCH, HS-SCCH, and HS-DPCCH. It also covers flow control between the Node B and RNC and enhancements introduced in Release 6.
This document discusses network optimization techniques including:
1. Monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as transmitted carrier power, code tree allocation, and channel element allocation to identify issues.
2. Performing analysis of KPIs to locate root causes of failures in specific network elements or cells.
3. Proposing solutions such as adjusting signal transmission power limits, code tree rearrangement, or adding network capacity to address problems identified through monitoring and analysis.
Overview of current communications systemsMohd Arif
The document provides an overview of current communications systems, including the growth and evolution of cellular technologies from 1G to 3G. It summarizes the key 2G technologies like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA, as well as 2.5G and 3G standards that support higher data rates. It also discusses emerging broadband wireless services for local and personal area networks using technologies like Wi-Fi, HIPERLAN, and Bluetooth.
The document discusses the framing structure of SDH and various alarms that can occur in SDH networks. It explains the hierarchy from STM-1 frame down to VC-4 and tributary unit levels. It then describes alarms like LOS, LOF, LOP that can happen at different levels due to issues like signal loss, missing frames, or lost pointers. It also covers alarms for indicating defects or errors like AIS, RDI, REI, BIP and methods for error monitoring using bytes in the SDH frame.
PDH and SDH are digital multiplexing techniques. PDH uses asynchronous multiplexing and operates over asynchronous networks, applying positive justification. It allows tributary clocks to differ slightly. SDH uses synchronous multiplexing and operates over synchronous networks, applying zero justification. Tributary clocks must be synchronized to a master clock. SDH was developed to simplify interconnection between network operators and expand compatibility by establishing a international standard to replace the different PDH standards.
The document discusses the physical layer design of WCDMA networks. It provides an overview of WCDMA network architecture and the UMTS network model. It then describes the physical channels, transport formats, channel coding, spreading techniques and code types used in the WCDMA uplink and downlink. Key aspects covered include dedicated and common physical channels, orthogonal variable spreading factor channelization codes, scrambling codes, and transport block sets.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
WCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
The document summarizes the air interface protocol stack and channels in LTE. It discusses:
1. The protocol stack includes application, IP, and transport layers that process data and signaling messages. These pass to the physical layer which has transport, physical channel, and analog processors.
2. Logical, transport, and physical channels carry data and control information between protocol layers. Logical channels include dedicated and common channels. Transport channels include shared, broadcast, multicast and random access channels.
3. Physical channels are distinguished by how the physical layer manipulates and maps them. Major channels include shared, broadcast, multicast, random access and control channels.
The document discusses various topics related to UMTS interview questions. It describes the different Radio Resource Control (RRC) states a UE can be in, including Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH, and URA_PCH. It explains the characteristics and examples of each state. The document also covers cell search procedure, radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handovers, types of measurements, and the purpose of paging in mobile networks.
This document provides an overview of the key components and protocols in 3G and 4G mobile networks. It includes a high-level diagram of the overall 4G architecture and summaries of protocols like S1, X2, NAS, RRC. Key concepts covered include the PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers, QoS classes, paging, attachment, handover procedures between eNodeBs and between 4G and 3G networks.
This document provides an overview of the LTE physical channel structure and procedures between the eNB and UE. It describes the LTE architecture and introduces the main physical channels including downlink channels like PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH and uplink channels like PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH. It explains the channel mapping and provides examples of the initial access procedure and synchronization signal transmission. Key concepts covered are radio interface protocol stacks, channel coding, multiple access, and reference signals.
This document discusses enhancements to the physical layer of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10). It describes the downlink and uplink physical layer designs, including orthogonal multiple access schemes, reference signals, control signaling, and data transmission methods. It also covers support for time division duplexing, half-duplex frequency division duplexing, and UE categories defined in 3GPP Release 8. The goal of LTE-Advanced is to further improve the LTE standard to meet the requirements of IMT-Advanced.
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
Channel coding transforms binary data bits into signal elements that can be transmitted. It involves selecting a coding scheme to avoid high frequencies, direct current, and ensure timing control. Common line codes include alternate mark inversion (AMI), high-density bipolar three zeros (HDB3), and coded mark inverted (CMI). These codes ensure sufficient transitions to maintain synchronization and embed timing information while removing the dc component.
The document discusses an LTE training course agenda presented by the OAI Project Team. It covers topics including LTE overview, channels in LTE, cell search procedure, system information, and random access procedure. For each topic, it provides outlines, descriptions, and diagrams. The random access procedure section explains its main purpose is to achieve uplink synchronization and assign a unique UE identifier C-RNTI.
IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
This document discusses Nokia's 3G Application Aware RAN solution which enables real-time application differentiation and prioritization in 3G networks. It analyzes growing mobile data usage and shifting usage patterns. Existing QoS solutions are limited and cannot differentiate applications or account for real-time network conditions. Nokia's solution leverages core network intelligence and RAN awareness to detect applications and enforce policies. Test results showed prioritized applications experienced significantly improved performance even during congestion.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
This document provides an overview of ISO 9000 standards for quality management systems. It describes the basic concepts of ISO 9000 including that it promotes quality system documentation and prevention actions. Key ISO 9000 standards are identified including ISO 9000 for quality management principles, ISO 9001 for demonstrating ability to meet customer and regulatory requirements, and ISO 9004 for guidance on sustained quality management success. Benefits of applying the standards are reducing costs through standardized processes and improved customer perceptions, while disadvantages can include reduced employee creativity and innovation.
This document discusses Nokia's 3G Application Aware RAN solution which enables prioritization of application traffic in 3G networks. It analyzes growing mobile data usage and shifting internet usage patterns. Test results show the solution significantly improves performance for prioritized applications like web browsing and YouTube video in congested networks by increasing throughput and reducing delays. The solution allows operators to offer application-specific packages and pricing based on measurable quality of experience.
This document provides an overview of the key functions and components of research proposals. It discusses how proposals serve as a means of communication, a plan, and a contract. Various types of proposals are described, including academic, grant, and IRB proposals. Common components like the introduction, literature review, methods, and findings sections are outlined. Tips are provided for defining substantive and epistemic research interests and refining proposals through multiple drafts. The document concludes with a proposal checklist.
This document contains a 20 question quiz about wireless networks and 4G LTE. It covers topics like average upload/download speeds of 4G LTE networks, the speed increase from 3G to 4G, characteristics of 4G networks, acronyms like SGSN and MSC, expected data rates and applications of 4G, architectural differences between 3G and 4G, and technologies like MIMO and LTE. The second half of the document contains another 20 question quiz about wireless local area networks, covering topics such as the function of access points, network modes, multiple access techniques, wireless distribution systems, and extended service sets.
GSM Air Interface, GSM Frequency Band
PPT File (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xGLIMwstH1B7Z8y4kLS72HUG-XMtckvb/view?usp=sharing)
Reference: Eng. Waleed El-Safoury Presentations
Real JN0-280 Dumps (V8.02) - Help You Crack JN0-280 Exam Quickly.pdfyarusun
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Sectorizing an omnidirectional site can increase capacity while maintaining similar interference levels.
For a propagation exponent of n=4:
- The reuse factor RCS' can be increased to ~7
- Traffic channels per sector increase from 24 to ~40
- Total Erlang capacity increases from 6.16 to 23.2
For a propagation exponent of n=3:
- RCS' can be increased to ~5.7
- Traffic channels per sector increase from 24 to ~50
- Total Erlang capacity increases more, from 16.6 to 29.4 Erlangs
The capacity gain is higher for n=3 because path loss increases more
This document describes an improved radar signal processor for airport surveillance radars (ASR). It features spectral processing using a 3-pulse canceller combined with an 8-point discrete Fourier transform and adaptive thresholds. This provides a 20 dB increase in detection performance over existing ASR systems. The processor digitizes radar video signals, performs moving target indication processing, and outputs digital target reports to an air traffic control computer. It is designed to work with existing ASR systems to enhance detection of targets moving at low velocities or within ground clutter.
This document summarizes two channel estimation methods for MIMO-OFDM systems: blind channel estimation and QRD-M/Kalman filter based detection. Blind channel estimation works by identifying the channel based on knowledge of the channel and data symbols using noise subspace approach and linear precoding. It has fast convergence, requires few OFDM symbols, and can be used with any number of transmit/receive antennas. QRD-M/Kalman filter based detection uses an adaptive complexity QRD-M algorithm and Kalman filters to track individual channels with lower complexity and good tracking ability. It decomposes the received signal into an upper triangular matrix and uses maximum likelihood detection on individual subcarriers. Both methods are analyzed and their advantages/dis
1. How long is a RIFS A. 2 microsecondsB. .docxChereCoble417
1.
How long is a RIFS?
A. 2 microseconds
B. 10 microseconds
C. 16 microseconds
D. 9 microseconds
2. What guard interval is used with 64-QAM by 802.11n HT devices to reach 600 Mbps data rates?
A. 800 ns
B. 200 ns
C. 100 ns
D. 400 ns
3. When two RF signals on the same frequency arrive at a receiver at the exact same time and their peaks and valleys are in alignment, what is true about these signals? (choose all that apply)
A. They are 180 degrees out of phase
B. They are 90 degrees out of phase
C. They have 0 degrees of separation
D. They are in phase
4. What is the cause of Free Space Path Loss?
A. Beam Reflection
B. Beam Absorption
C. Beam Diffraction
D. Beam Divergence
5. Which of the following are units of power?
A. dBi
B. Watt
C. Milliwatt
D. dBd
E. dBm
6. A single milliwatt = 0 decibels of change.
A. True
B. False
7. Which of the following increase amplitude?
A. Lightning arrestors
B. RF Cables
C. Pig tail adaptors
D. Antennae
E. Amplifiers
8. More than 40% blockage in the Fresnel Zone will not impede an RF link.
A. True
B. False
9. Which of the following describes a behavior of waves?
A. Frequency
B. Phase
C. Modulation
D. Amplitude
10. Phase is a standard measurement of RF wave size.
A. True
B. False
11. In an ERP 802.11 network, there are two mandated spread spectrum technologies.
A. True
B. False
12. ERP-OFDM stations can not connect with OFDM AP’s because the use different __________.
A. Contention methods
B. Modulation techniques
C. Frequencies
D. Coordination functions
13. Which data rates are supported by PBCC?
A. 6, 12, and 24 Mbps
B. 36, 48 and 54 Mbps
C. 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps
D. 22 and 33 Mbps
E. 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 22, and 33 Mbps
14. How many adjacent non-overlapping channels may be used in the same physical area using the 2.4 GHz spectrum?
A. 14
B. 11
C. 6
D. 3
15. The area of coverage provided by an AP is called which of the following?
A. BSS
B. ESS
C. BSA
D. WLAN
16. The function of an AP is most closely related to which wired networking device?
A. A Switch
B. A Hub
C. A router
D. A firewall
17. What is the largest channel size possible with 802.11ac?
A. 40 MHz
B. 80 MHz
C. 120 MHz
D. 160 MHz
18. What is required for stations to use 256-QAM?
A. they must have a firmware upgrade
B. there can be no more then 2 stations
C. they must be very close to the AP.
The document contains questions about mobile telecommunication networks. It tests knowledge in several areas:
1) Network components such as the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR, VLR and their functions.
2) Signaling systems like CCS7 and protocols like LAPD.
3) Radio interface technologies including GSM, DCS, TDMA, frequency channels.
4) Mobility management procedures like authentication, location update, and handover.
5) Identification numbers and parameters used like IMSI, TMSI, LAC, CGI for subscriber and network identification.
The document discusses UMTS planning and dimensioning processes. It describes:
1) The overall planning process which includes system dimensioning, radio network planning, pre-launch optimization, performance monitoring, and post-launch optimization.
2) The inputs, assumptions, and steps used for air interface dimensioning which includes uplink and downlink link budget analysis to determine coverage requirements and capacity needs.
3) Traffic modelling and load calculation methods to estimate subscriber traffic per cell based on factors like subscriber density, traffic profiles, and cell area.
This document provides an overview of 3rd generation WCDMA/UMTS wireless networks. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the key aspects of WCDMA/UMTS architecture, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and radio resource management functions such as admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control. The document also briefly discusses additional topics such as radio network planning issues, high speed data packet access, and a comparison of WCDMA and CDMA2000.
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
The document presents research on using LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) for multicasting high-quality video to vehicles moving at high speeds. A cross-layer simulator was developed to evaluate the performance of spatial multiplexing MIMO and systematic raptor codes. Results show that using raptor codes can provide up to 4dB SNR improvement to achieve low packet error rates in highly correlated channels. Spatial multiplexing combined with raptor codes outperforms space-time block coding and can increase transmission efficiency in lower correlated channels. A link adaptation system is proposed that selects the optimal modulation and coding scheme based on SNR and channel correlation to meet quality of service requirements.
The document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems used in power system management. It discusses:
1) SCADA allows remote monitoring and control of equipment by collecting data from devices in the field and presenting it for user-friendly monitoring and analysis.
2) In power systems, SCADA is used to monitor generation stations, substations, transmission lines to efficiently manage the system.
3) Key components include RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) that interface with field devices to collect data, communication networks to transmit data to control centers, and HMI software for operators.
This document provides information on key concepts in GSM networks including call drop reasons, handover reasons, beam width and tilt, Rx level and quality, interference, channels, frequency bands, and more. It also covers basics of WCDMA/3G including frequency bands, codes, signal strength metrics like RSCP and EC/Io, and handover types between nodes.
This document provides an overview of GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA protocols and call flows. It describes the protocol stacks and architectures of these mobile communication standards. Key topics covered include physical layer protocols, MAC, RLC, RRC, SNDCP, GTP, MAP, mobility management, call establishment flows and channel types. The document also lists references for further information.
This document describes the data acquisition process and network topology for a Sercel 428XL seismic data acquisition system. It discusses how seismic data is acquired by field units, digitized, transmitted through a network of LAU nodes, and finally received and processed by the recording truck. Key components include the field digitizer units, LAU nodes, LCI recorder, and 428XL server. The data passes through various processing stages including analog to digital conversion, multiplexing, filtering, compression and error checking before being received and analyzed by the control node.
The document describes a vehicle control system that uses a CAN data bus to connect multiple control modules. Each control module is connected to sensors and actuators for its system. The CAN data bus allows the control modules to communicate by transmitting messages to each other using a standardized protocol. This network architecture reduces wiring complexity and allows for improved diagnostics compared to point-to-point connections between components.
Maria D'cruz_WCDMA UMTS Wireless NetworksMaria D'cruz
The document provides an overview of WCDMA/UMTS architecture and radio resource management. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the standardization of WCDMA. The key aspects of WCDMA air interface, UTRAN architecture, core network functionality, and radio resource management techniques like admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control are summarized. Diagrams illustrate the system architecture and information flow between network elements.
Similar to 3goptimizationinterviewtopics 140312095514-phpapp01 (20)
1. 3G Optimization Interview Topics
1. Important parts of Benchmarking Report
a. RSCP Coverage
b. Ec/Io Coverage
c. CSSR
d. DCR
e. Retainability
f. Handover (Mobility)
g. Call Setup Time
h. ASU Type
i. 3G-2G Serving percentage
j. IRAT Handover
k. BLER and Quality statistics
2. UMTS Channels
a. CPICH
b. SCH
c. AICH
d. BCH – BCCH
e. FACH – CCCH
f. RACH – CCCH
g. DCH – DCCH
3. HSDPA Channels
a. HS-DPCCH (uplink signaling)
b. HS-SCCH (downlink signaling)
c. HS-PDSCH or HS-DSCH (data channel)
4. HSUPA Channels
2. a. E-DPDCH
b. E-DPCCH
c. E-DCH
d. E-AGCH
e. E-RGCH
f. E-HICH
5. Dropped Call Types
a. Missing Neighbor
b. Poor Coverage
c. Pilot Pollution
d. Congestion
e. Not Radio Reasons
f. Equipment Fault
6. Blocked Call Types
a. Security and Authentication Mode Failure
b. UE Issues
c. Disconnect on RAB Setup
d. Unavailable Resource
e. UE Sensitivity Fault
f. Unanswered RRC requests
g. Barred Network
7. Major Network Problems
a. Poor Coverage
b. Poor Cell Dominance
c. Pilot Pollution
d. Missing Neighbors
e. Corner Effects
8. Important Events in PS Call
3. a. Attach and Detach
b. PDP Context Activation
c. Download and Upload
d. Dual Mode
9. HSDPA Categories
a. 3.6 Mbps – Cat 5 & 6 (5 HS-DSCH Codes)
b. 7.2 Mbps – Cat 8 (10 HS-DSCH Codes)
c. 14.4 Mbps – Cat 10 (15 HS-DSCH Codes)
d. 21.1 Mbps – Cat 14 (15 HS-DSCH Codes, MIMO and 64 QAM)
10. Number of CE for PS 384 = 10
11. Number of Users for PS 384 = 3
12. HSDPA Factors
a. Number of HSDPA Codes
b. Number of HS-SCCH Codes
c. Max HS-PDSCH Codes per Users
d. Algorithm and Scheduling
e. Number of HARQ Process
13. HSDPA Parameters
a. HS-SCCH Power Offset
b. Measurement Power Offset
c. CQI Feedback Cycle, Power Offset
d. ACK-NACK Power Offset
e. Number of HARQ Process
f. MAC-hs window size
g. Tx- Rx Window size
14. HSUPA Parameters
a. E-DPCCH to DPCCH Power Offset
b. Happy Bit delay
4. c. E-TFCI Power offset
d. E-AGCH Channelization Code
e. E-AGCH Power Offset
15. Reasons of Low Throughput in HSDPA:
a. Poor RF Conditions (Low CQI)
b. Frequent Serving Cell Change (Low CQI)
c. Signaling Delay
d. E1d setting issues
e. TCP segment loss outside air interface
f. TCP Tx/Rx window setting
g. Iub Flow Control
h. FTP server issues
16. HSDPA Scheduler Type
a. Max C/I
b. Round Robin
c. Proportional Fair (mostly used)
17. Timers and Counters
a. T300, N300 (2sec) RRC Connection Retransmission
b. T312, N312 (1 sec) “In Sync” establishment
c. T313, N313 (5 sec) “Out of Sync” Failure
d. T314 (12 sec) Cell Update (CS)
e. T315 (180 sec) Cell Update (PS)
f. T302, N302 (1.2 sec) Cell Update Confirm
18. Resources for Each Call Type
a. AMR SF 128 CE 1 (UL) 1(DL)
b. VP SF 32 CE 3 (UL) 2 (DL)
c. PS 128 SF 16 CE 5 (UL) 4 (DL)
d. PS 384 SF 8 CE 10 (UL) 8 (DL)
5. 19. Event Thresholds
a. E1a 3dB
b. E1b 6dB
c. E2d -12dB and -101 dBm
d. E2f -10dB and -99dBm
20. NASTAR
a. Network performance and monitoring tool
b. SQL Based
c. Collect data from M2000
d. Data storage up to 3 months
e. Supports 5 RNC and 6000 Cells
21. NASTAR Inputs:
a. RNC performance data M2000 / BAM
b. Project Parameters Manual
c. Configuration Parameters M2000
d. CHR Data M2000 / BAM
e. Interference data M2000 / BAM
f. Coverage Data LMT client
g. NodeB performance data M2000
22. NASTAR Analysis:
a. Performance Analysis
b. Neighbor Cell Analysis
c. Call Drop Analysis
d. Pilot Pollution Analysis
e. Interference Analysis
f. Resource Monitoring
i. CPU Utilization
ii. Iub Utilization
6. iii. Traffic Load
iv. Cell Load
23. Monitoring Levels
a. Level 1 – Statistics, Alarm Logs (M2000)
b. Level 2 – Sample tracing, CHR (M2000 and NASTAR)
c. Level 3 – DT Data, Single UE Tracing
24. NASTAR Performance Data:
a. RAN Counters (KPI)
b. Call History Records (CHR) CDR Analysis
c. System History Records (SHR) Cell Status
d. Real-Time User Monitor (RUM) IMSI Tracing
e. Real-Time System Monitor (RSM) Load, Inference, etc
25. NASTAR Counters:
a. For calculating Call Drop Rate
b. For calculating Handover Success Rate
26. LMT Trace Message Levels:
a. To or From NodeB NBAP
b. To or From CN RANAP
c. To or From UE RRC
27. Throughput Types in Actix
a. Payload L1 with CRC blocks
b. Throughput L1 without CRC blocks
c. PDU throughput MAC/RLC Interface
d. SDU throughput RLC/RRC Interface or RLC/PDCP Interface
L1 Throughput > PDU Throughput > SDU Throughput
28. Signal Flow (R99 MO)
7. a. RRC Connection Request (UL-CCH)
i. TMSI and LAI info
ii. LAC
iii. PSC info including Ec/Io and RSCP level
iv. Establishment cause (CS, PS, VP)
b. RRC Connection Setup (DL-CCH)
i. S-RNTI
ii. RLC Mode (AM, UM, TM)
iii. Transport Channel Type
iv. Timers and Parameters
c. RRC Connection Setup Complete (UL-DCCH)
i. Domain Identity (CS or PS)
ii. Security Parameter supported
d. Initial Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)
i. Notification and Capabilities of UE
ii. Mobile TMSI
e. Downlink Direct Transfer (DL-DCCH)
i. RAND Value, Authentication
f. Uplink Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)
i. Authentication Response
g. Security Mode Command (DL-DCCH)
i. Ciphering and Integrity
8. h. Security Mode Complete (UL-DCCH)
i. Response from UE
i. Uplink Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)
i. Authentication Code
j. Downlink Direct Transfer (DL-DCCH)
i. CC Call Proceeding
k. Radio Bearer Setup (DL-DCCH)
i. Transport Channel Info
l. Radio Bearer Setup Complete (UL-DCCH)
i. Response from UE
m. Downlink Direct Transfer (DL-DCCH)
i. Alerting
n. Downlink Direct Transfer (DL-DCCH)
i. CC Connect
o. Uplink Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)
i. Connect Acknowledgement
29. Load Control
a. Load Monitoring (LDM)
b. Load Reshuffling (LDR)
9. c. Overload Congestion Control (OCL)
30. Load Reshuffling Actions:
a. First Action – Code Tree Reshuffling
b. Second Action – Inter Frequency HO
c. Third Action – BE Service Rate reduction
d. Fourth Action – Renegotiation of QoS real time services
31. Scanner vs UE Data
Scanner is used to scan all carriers and DL Scrambling codes, while UE measures only
codes of informed cells (through BCH and measurement control Neighbor List)
32. INTER RAT Types:
a. IRAT Handover (CS)
b. IRAT Cell Change Order (PS)
33. Call Flow for IRAT Handover:
a. RRC Measurement Report UL
b. Physical Channel Reconfiguration DL
c. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete UL
d. Handover from UTRAN Command GSM DL
e. Handover Complete
34. Call Flow IRAT Cell Change Order
a. RRC Measurement Report UL
b. Physical Channel Reconfiguration DL
c. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete UL
d. Cell Change Order from UTRAN DL
e. Immediate Assignment DL
f. Authentication Response UL
g. TMSI Relocation Complete UL
35. Compressed Mode Methods
a. SF/2 (CS, PS) Code Compression
10. b. HLS (PS only) Higher Layer Scheduling
36. IRAT HO due to Overload – event 3A
37. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Message details
a. gsm-Carrier RSSI Measurement
b. gsm-Initial BSIC Identification
c. gsm-BSIC Reconfirmation
38. Huawei Tools :
a. Genex U-Net (Planning and Simulation)
b. Genex WCDMA Probe (Drive Testing and Logging)
c. Genex Assistant (Post Processing)
39. Huawei NodeB Type
a. BTS3812 (GSM BTS upgradable to WCDMA)
b. BTS3900 A (Macro Indoor)
c. BTS3900 E (Macro Outdoor)
d. BTS3900 C (Indoor Compact – Micro)
e. DBS3900 (Distributed NodeB with BBU and RRU)
11. 1. The output of coverage planning is needed for which one of the following processes?
A. Code planning.
B. Transmission planning.
C. Propagation model tuning.
D. Loading field measurements.
Answer: A
2. If the cell range of 12.2 kbps voice service with 141.9 dB path loss is 2.3 km, what is the size of the cell
area with omni-directional site (k factor for site area is 2.6)?
A. 12.2 km?
B. 13.8 km?
C. 15.9 km?
D. 16.6 km?NP
Answer: B
3. Which one of the following services has the HIGHEST processing gain?
A. 12.2 kbps AMR voice.
B. 64 kbps RT data.
C. 64 kbps NRT data.
D. 384 kbps NRT data.
Answer: A
4. Which one of the following parameters can be measured with a UE connected measurement system
but NOT with a scanner measurement system?
A. P-CPICH Ec/No.
B. BLER.
C. SIR.
D. Scrambling code.
Answer: B
5. The possible pilot pollution area can be detected from which one of the following?
A. Ec/No lower than target and low number of scrambling codes seen.
B. Ec/No lower than target and high number of scrambling codes seen.
C. Ec/No higher than target and low number of scrambling codes seen.
D. Ec/No higher than target and high number of scrambling codes seen.
Answer: B
6. How can capacity (interference) be improved?
A. Usage of transmission diversity.
B. Increasing transmission power of UEs.
C. Decreasing speed of UEs.
D. Increasing SHO.
Answer: A
7. For the use of a shared antenna line between GSM and WCDMA, what is needed?
A. Coupler or splitter.
B. One shared BTS for GSM and WCDMA.
C. Same output power both GSM and WCDMA.
D. Diplexer or triplexer.
Answer: D
8. Which one of the following is NOT a method to decrease inter-system interference?
A. Tighter filtering for the Tx signal of GSM BTS.
B. Proper frequency planning in GSM.
C. Usage of shared antenna line.
D. Careful antenna selection and placing.
12. Answer: C
9. The most appropriate reason for Power control headroom is to:
A. improve the downlink reception.
B. maintain the fast power control at the cell edge.
C. compensate slow fading.
D. increase the transmitting power of user equipment (Ue).
Answer: B
10. What is the MAXIMUM number of P-CPICH signals, of similar strength, that the UE should measure?
A. 1 WBTS cell.
B. 2 WBTS cells.
C. 3 WBTS cells.
D. 4 WBTS cells.
Answer: C
11. Considering 1 site (3 cells) with 1 only one carrier per cell, how many traffic hardware channels are
needed if in the site the active users are: 1.8 voice, 0.7 CS64, 0.7 PS64 and 1 PS384 and knowing that
for each connection the following hardware channels apply: 1 for voice, 4 for CS64, 4 for PS64 and 16 for
PS384 are needed?
A. 4
B. 13
C. 24
D. 37
Answer: C
12. Considering 1 site (3 cells) with 1 only one carrier per cell, what is the downlink throughput (in Kb/s)
PER CELL if in the site the active users are: 1.8 voice, 0.7 CS64, 0.7 PS64 and 1 PS384?
A. 64.94.
B. 165.19.
C. 194.82.
D. 514.76.
Answer: B
13. For what reason should the power control strategy be changed?
A. UE location.
B. UE type.
C. UE service.
D. UE speed.
Answer: D
14. Which one of the following network planning tasks is NOT normally performed with a radio network
planning tool?
A. Coverage planning.
B. Traffic calculation.
C. Hardware channel calculation.
D. Monte Carlo Simulation.
Answer: C
15. The Node B antenna gain is 17 dB and receiver sensitivity 112 dBm, radiated power (EIRP) of user
equipment (Ue) is 18 dBm and feeder cable loss is 3 dB. What is the MAXIMUM path loss?
A. 114 dB
B. 116 dB
C. 144 dB
D. 147 dB
Answer: C
13. 16. If the cell radius is 2 km and the required service area is 100 km2,how many 3-sector sites (in
coverage-limited case) are needed to provide the service for the area (k factor for site area is 1.95)?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 13
D. 19
Answer: C
17. What is the interference margin for 50% and 90% network loads?
A. 3.0 dB and 10.0 dB.
B. 5.0 dB and 1.5 dB.
C. 3.0 dB and 7.0 dB.
D. 4.0 dB and 10.0 dB.
Answer: A
18. When applying the free space propagation loss formula both for GSM 1800 and WCDMA, what
APPROXIMATELY is the propagation loss difference between the systems, if the distance from the BTS
is 1500 meters? (Use frequency
2100 MHz for WCDMA.)
A. 5.5 dB.
B. 1.3 dB.
C. 7.4 dB.
D. 13.4 dB.
Answer: B
19. Which one of the following does NOT make the UL adjacent channel interference worse?
A. UE transmitting with maximum power.
B. UE uses hard handover.
C. Other operator BTS in a bad location.
D. Own BTS transmitting with high power.
Answer: D
20. The required Eb/No value is dependent on which one of the following factors?
A. Base station antenna gain.
B. Speed of the user equipment (Ue).
C. Fast fading margin.
D. Body loss.
Answer: B
14. 1- What are the main KPI to measure the performance of 3G cell
- Accessibility ( RRC , RAB , CSSR)
- Retainability (speech , Video , PS DCR)
- Mobility (SHO , IRAT HO success rate)
2- What resources affect HSDPA throughput in 3G system
- (DL power, DL code and transport capacity)
3- What parameter tuning can be done to improve HSDPA throughput in any 3G cell
- increase the DL channelization codes for HSDPA
- changing the scheduling algorisms
4- How can we reach 21 Mbps in P7
- 15 codes in DL and 64 QAM
5- what is the usage of the following signaling messages in RRC protocol
- Actives setup updates (ADD/Remove/Replace RL in SHO)
- RB reconfiguration (channel switching between Cell_DCH and Cell_FACH RRC stats)
- Physical channel reconfiguration (IF HO)
6- what is the use of GPEH tool in Ericsson system
- tool used to record RAN and internal events in Ericsson system and the tracing files can be
analyzed by TEMS visualization
7- what types of congestion can affect the services accessibility in any 3G cell
- DL power ( AMR - Directed retry - reducing High R.99 RAB users SFxx parameters)
- UL/DL CE ( reducing High R.99 RAB users SFxx parameters)
- DL code (reducing static codes for HSDPA –AMR-Directed retry)
- Transport capacity
8- what is the difference between RSCP and EC/No measures for pilot channel
- RSCP is received signal code power for CPICH channel
- Ec/No is The received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band . it reflects the
quality of CPICH channel
9- what is the difference of using 2nd carrier and high power amplifier in expanding the capacity for
any 3G cell
- 2nd carrier gives capacity in DL power and DL codes
15. - High power Amplifier gives capacity in DL power only
10- what is the max bit rate that can be achieved in UL when using 10ms EUL and 2 ms EUL
- 1.5 Mbps for 10 ms EUL
- 5.76 for 2 ms EUL
11- how many HSSCCH channel can be configured in HSDPA cell (
- Four that allows four users per TTI