This document discusses Nokia's 3G Application Aware RAN solution which enables prioritization of application traffic in 3G networks. It analyzes growing mobile data usage and shifting internet usage patterns. Test results show the solution significantly improves performance for prioritized applications like web browsing and YouTube video in congested networks by increasing throughput and reducing delays. The solution allows operators to offer application-specific packages and pricing based on measurable quality of experience.
Managing Data Offloading Securely Over WLan Access Networks With I-WLanGreen Packet
Cellular operators are increasingly shifting their focus for alternative wireless access methods to manage data offload. Legacy cellular networks were designed for low bandwidth consumption and insufficient to cope with the growth of data requirements today. Although operators continuously upgrade their networks with greater capacity and advanced technologies, heavy investments for cell build is not an economical approach in the longer term.
The availability of Wi-Fi hotspots are highly accessible and appropriate for data offloading. Taking advantage of the unlicensed spectrum and better bandwidth utilization, data offloading can be achieved with lower cost per bit. In this paper, we present I-WLAN to effectively manage data offloading securely between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks. We will also be exploring the different network use scenarios of I-WLAN in enabling simple unified EAP authentication and subscriber policies.
Managing data offload over wlan access networks with iwlanJustus @GreenPacket
This document discusses using I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) to efficiently manage data offloading between 3GPP cellular networks and non-3GPP WiFi networks. I-WLAN allows for seamless connectivity, transparent authentication, application and service mobility to enhance the user experience when offloading data to WiFi networks. It provides a solution for mobile operators to securely offload data traffic from congested cellular networks to available WiFi networks to improve network capacity and the overall quality of service.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The ability to use voice, mobile apps, SMS, email, websites, chat, video, and social media through a single device is forcing operators to rethink their mobile strategies in the form of offload. With the increased data usage, operator networks become increasingly congested. As such, a smart and dynamic connected interaction is necessary to allow better traffic management with particular capabilities of the device with which it is characterized.
In this paper, we will examine how dynamic data offloading with 3GPP based Access Network Discovery Selection Function (ANDSF) plays its role in the implementation of selective offloading. ANDSF as specified in 3GPP standards describes how the inter-system mobility between 3GPP systems and non-3GPP systems (WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA) policies and priorities can control the conditions for which a device connects to which wireless network. As mobility is becoming a mainstream for customer engagement, operators must ensure contextual continuity is preserved through an integrated approach.
IPQ is an application-embeddable QoS solution that addresses the network quality challenges and opens up the huge opportunities where real-time apps, mobility, and the need for multiple simultaneous networks intersect.
This document discusses Wi-Fi data offloading and its impacts on network infrastructure costs (CAPEX and OPEX). It describes modeling traffic patterns to determine optimal offload strategies. Wi-Fi offloading can reduce costs compared to densifying the macro cell network through additional sites and carriers. The document examines trade-offs between Wi-Fi, femtocells, and macro cell densification for offloading data. It also outlines considerations for a successful carrier Wi-Fi offload solution.
Direct Internet Offload is a method for carriers to divert mobile data traffic away from their cellular networks and onto Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion and costs. It allows carriers to bypass visibility of subscribers on their core networks. Carriers can implement Direct Internet Offload by building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators. Doing it through their own Wi-Fi networks allows carriers to retain more control over the user experience and potentially generate revenue from Wi-Fi access over time. Greenpacket's solutions help carriers implement Direct Internet Offload in a secure and seamless way for subscribers without changing how they use their devices.
Managing Data Offloading Securely Over WLan Access Networks With I-WLanGreen Packet
Cellular operators are increasingly shifting their focus for alternative wireless access methods to manage data offload. Legacy cellular networks were designed for low bandwidth consumption and insufficient to cope with the growth of data requirements today. Although operators continuously upgrade their networks with greater capacity and advanced technologies, heavy investments for cell build is not an economical approach in the longer term.
The availability of Wi-Fi hotspots are highly accessible and appropriate for data offloading. Taking advantage of the unlicensed spectrum and better bandwidth utilization, data offloading can be achieved with lower cost per bit. In this paper, we present I-WLAN to effectively manage data offloading securely between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks. We will also be exploring the different network use scenarios of I-WLAN in enabling simple unified EAP authentication and subscriber policies.
Managing data offload over wlan access networks with iwlanJustus @GreenPacket
This document discusses using I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) to efficiently manage data offloading between 3GPP cellular networks and non-3GPP WiFi networks. I-WLAN allows for seamless connectivity, transparent authentication, application and service mobility to enhance the user experience when offloading data to WiFi networks. It provides a solution for mobile operators to securely offload data traffic from congested cellular networks to available WiFi networks to improve network capacity and the overall quality of service.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The ability to use voice, mobile apps, SMS, email, websites, chat, video, and social media through a single device is forcing operators to rethink their mobile strategies in the form of offload. With the increased data usage, operator networks become increasingly congested. As such, a smart and dynamic connected interaction is necessary to allow better traffic management with particular capabilities of the device with which it is characterized.
In this paper, we will examine how dynamic data offloading with 3GPP based Access Network Discovery Selection Function (ANDSF) plays its role in the implementation of selective offloading. ANDSF as specified in 3GPP standards describes how the inter-system mobility between 3GPP systems and non-3GPP systems (WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA) policies and priorities can control the conditions for which a device connects to which wireless network. As mobility is becoming a mainstream for customer engagement, operators must ensure contextual continuity is preserved through an integrated approach.
IPQ is an application-embeddable QoS solution that addresses the network quality challenges and opens up the huge opportunities where real-time apps, mobility, and the need for multiple simultaneous networks intersect.
This document discusses Wi-Fi data offloading and its impacts on network infrastructure costs (CAPEX and OPEX). It describes modeling traffic patterns to determine optimal offload strategies. Wi-Fi offloading can reduce costs compared to densifying the macro cell network through additional sites and carriers. The document examines trade-offs between Wi-Fi, femtocells, and macro cell densification for offloading data. It also outlines considerations for a successful carrier Wi-Fi offload solution.
Direct Internet Offload is a method for carriers to divert mobile data traffic away from their cellular networks and onto Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion and costs. It allows carriers to bypass visibility of subscribers on their core networks. Carriers can implement Direct Internet Offload by building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators. Doing it through their own Wi-Fi networks allows carriers to retain more control over the user experience and potentially generate revenue from Wi-Fi access over time. Greenpacket's solutions help carriers implement Direct Internet Offload in a secure and seamless way for subscribers without changing how they use their devices.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for streaming multimedia content over 4G mobile networks. 4G networks will provide transmission rates up to 20 Mbps, allowing high quality streaming of content to meet demands of the growing mobile market. However, heterogeneity across devices, networks and content protection pose challenges. Standards-based solutions are needed to efficiently deliver adapted content across varied networks and devices while protecting content.
Positioning WiMAX As The Personal Broadband TechnologyGreen Packet
More and more users want a broadband connection that is exclusive, follows them around and is available 24/7. Welcome to the concept of personal broadband. To realize this concept the chosen broadband network has to be able to deliver users’ expectations. Meanwhile, appropriate user devices must be employed. This paper presents WiMAX as the best technology to fulfill personal broadband and imparts what users expect from their personal broadband device.
This whitepaper discusses the next decade for WiMAX technology. It summarizes that WiMAX has evolved through several releases to support increased mobility and integration with LTE. While LTE deployment has increased, WiMAX still has applications in fixed wireless, rural broadband, and vertical industries. The whitepaper outlines ITU's vision for 4G networks, including seamless handovers between different wireless technologies to provide "always best connected" service to users across various network layers from personal to cellular networks.
This document discusses direct internet offload as a way for mobile carriers to offload data traffic from their cellular networks onto Wi-Fi networks. It describes direct internet offload as allowing data traffic to bypass the carrier's core network and be passed directly to the internet. The document discusses stakeholders in offload strategies and how understanding user behavior can help carriers implement offload. It also provides recommendations for carriers to start direct internet offload, such as building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators.
This document discusses LTE Broadcast/eMBMS and its potential to help mobile operators meet increasing demands for mobile data. LTE Broadcast allows the same content to be sent to multiple users simultaneously via broadcast, which is more efficient than unicasting content to each user individually. The document estimates LTE Broadcast could offload up to 15% of video traffic and 30% of audio traffic. This would result in up to an 11.5% reduction in total daily traffic per subscriber and 14.7% reduction during peak hours. If deployed, LTE Broadcast could allow mobile operators to reduce network capacity investments in 2016 by an estimated 9.8%, saving billions of dollars.
1) P1 is Malaysia's first and leading WiMAX operator that chose Green Packet's WiMAX solutions to provide high quality wireless broadband services and enhance the user experience.
2) Green Packet's solutions helped P1 retain its position as the leading WiMAX operator in Malaysia through award-winning modems, unified connection management, and over-the-air updates that reduced complaints.
3) Green Packet also supported P1's sales growth through a coverage map solution that dynamically shared coverage information with subscribers and resellers.
This document discusses Wi-Fi offload strategies for mobile carriers. It outlines a 3 step approach: 1) View Wi-Fi offload as a long term strategy for incremental returns rather than just short term cost savings. 2) Scale carrier Wi-Fi networks and shape user behavior to drive more usage. 3) Consider the implications of Wi-Fi for mobility and roaming. It also discusses the need to harmonize Wi-Fi and mobile networks to provide a seamless experience, and factors influencing whether simply providing ubiquitous Wi-Fi access is sufficient.
Telecommunications network operators around the world are increasingly looking to decommission older legacy networks as new technologies are deployed and network traffic grows rapidly. The document discusses the key findings of a global study on network decommissioning conducted by PwC in 2012. Key points include:
- Nearly 90% of wireline and over 60% of wireless operators surveyed planned to decommission legacy networks in the next 5 years.
- Primary drivers for decommissioning are reducing operating costs and improving customer experience.
- Over 90% of wireless network decommissioning will involve 2G technologies, while wireline decommissioning will focus on copper networks.
- Approaches to decommissioning include turning networks off, physical removal of
The document proposes a shift from subscriber-centric mobile networks to consumer-centric networks. It argues that consumers now expect more control over their mobile experience and more choices in services, as seen with popular internet services. A new Consumer-centric Services layer is proposed to provide functions for personalized policy, content, and context management across devices and providers. For this vision to be realized, open standards and cooperation across network operators, applications providers, and device manufacturers will be needed.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
The document discusses Nokia's GPRS solution for mobile operators. It describes how GPRS enables new data and multimedia services, fueling significant revenue growth beyond voice. Nokia's end-to-end GPRS solution provides a platform for these new services through elements like the SGSN, GGSN, and intelligent content delivery system. It also discusses the benefits of Nokia's solution such as security, scalability, converged charging capabilities, and comprehensive support.
Network visibility allows mobile operators to see how their entire network is functioning and how it is being used by subscribers. This gives operators the ability to better understand network performance issues, plan network improvements, and develop new revenue-generating services. Achieving true network visibility requires open systems that can collect and analyze large amounts of network and subscriber usage data with minimal data loss. This data will help operators address challenges like increasing speeds, growing network capacity demands, and preparing for new technologies while also creating customized service plans to increase revenues and reduce subscriber churn.
This document discusses the introduction of 3G technology in Bangladesh. It provides background on 3G services and their advantages. The key challenges for implementing 3G in Bangladesh are the high costs of upgrading infrastructure and licensing fees. While 3G could threaten the existing WiMAX industry, it may also raise awareness of mobile broadband. The document outlines the opportunities 3G presents, such as improving access to education and business, but notes coverage will likely start in major cities and focus on voice before expanding to data applications. Mobile operators are seeking technology-neutral licenses to offer 3G or 4G.
http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson-mobility-report
We have performed in-depth data traffic measurements since the early days of mobile broadband from a large base of live networks covering all regions of the world.
The aim of this report is to share analysis based on these measurements, internal forecasts and other relevant studies to provide insights into the current traffic and market trends.
We will continue to share traffic and market data, along with our analysis, on a regular basis. We hope you find it engaging and valuable.
Ericsson Mobility Report is the new name for the Ericsson Traffic and Market Report, copies of which can be downloaded on this page.
The document discusses data offloading strategies using Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion on cellular networks. It describes how the ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) specification allows for dynamic data offloading between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks like Wi-Fi. The Greenpacket solution uses an intelligent client that enforces operator policies in real-time to selectively shift data traffic from 3G to Wi-Fi networks based on factors like location, time of day, application type, and network conditions to improve the user experience while balancing network load. The ability to control which applications remain on cellular and which shift to Wi-Fi allows operators to better manage quality of experience and retain visibility of traffic patterns.
Performance Evaluation of Interactive Video Streaming over WiMAX Network IJECEIAES
Nowadays, the desire of internet access and the need of digital encodings have influenced quite a large number of users to access high quality video application. Offering multimedia services not only to the wired but to wireless mobile client is becoming more viable. In wireless medium, videostreaming still has high resource requirements, for example, bandwidth, traffic priority, smooth play-backs. Therefore, bandwidth demands of these applications are far exceeding the capacity of 3G and Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs). The current research demonstrates the introductory understanding of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) network, applications, the mechanisms, its potential features, and techniques used to provide QoS in WiMAX, and lastly the network is simulated to report the diverse requirements of streamed video conferencing traffic and its specifications. For this purpose two input parameters of video traffic are selected, i.e, refresh rate, which is monitored in terms of frames per second and pixel resolutions which basically counts the number of pixels in digital imaging. The network model is developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. Apart from this, the second aim of the current research is to address whether WiMAX access technology for streaming video applications could provide comparable network performance to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). For this purpose network metrices such as End to End delay and throughput is taken into consideration for optimization.
Mass Customization: The Role of SDN and NFV in a 4G NetworkJuniper Networks
This document discusses how software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) can enable mass customization in 4G networks. It argues that SDN and NFV allow networks to be more responsive, efficient, and automated by converging network functions for high performance and virtualizing functions for agility. This creates an intelligent, programmable infrastructure that can customize the subscriber experience through dynamic, policy-based service chaining of virtualized network functions. By combining high-performance networking with cloud agility through NFV, service providers can optimize their infrastructure and offer localized cloud services to better serve network applications and customer needs.
Netflix over Qos Enabled LTE Research Paper FinalAjit Kahaduwe
1) The document discusses how using Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms can enhance the experience of streaming video applications like Netflix over cellular networks.
2) Tests were conducted on an LTE network to analyze how giving Netflix higher priority through QoS impacted video quality and buffering during congestion compared to default "best effort" treatment.
3) The results showed that higher QoS priority for Netflix improved video quality and reduced buffering events during congestion compared to best effort, demonstrating how QoS can provide a better user experience for video streaming.
Reducing Wireless Network CAPEX Through Streamlined Planning | Solution br...Infovista
Network planning and optimization teams can be more efficient with integrated access to network performance data, also known as key performance indicators (KPIs) and traffic data, via their engineering software. With embedded access to multi-vendor KPIs, mobile operators’ engineering teams will get:
🔷Access to always up-to-date network information
🔷Higher accuracy in their network plans with up-to-date traffic maps
🔷An easy way to identify evolving hotspot
🔷Direct feedback on roll-out of new sites and network updates
🔷Better control when introducing new services such as VoLTE
By leveraging rich performance data collected from the network, RF engineers can truly understand the dynamics of an evolving mobile network. This insight enables mobile operators to stay ahead of the competitive curve by being more proactive about mobile network deployments. By making the right decisions at the right time mobile operators can reduce OPEX and optimize CAPEX while securing customers’ quality of experience (QoE).
❓ ANY QUESTIONS? CONTACT US https://bit.ly/3p28yMA
📌 LET'S CONNECT📌
🔹 Official Site: https://www.infovista.com/
🔹 Our Blog: https://www.infovista.com/blog
🔹 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/infovista
🔹 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/infovista
🔹 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Infovista
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for streaming multimedia content over 4G mobile networks. 4G networks will provide transmission rates up to 20 Mbps, allowing high quality streaming of content to meet demands of the growing mobile market. However, heterogeneity across devices, networks and content protection pose challenges. Standards-based solutions are needed to efficiently deliver adapted content across varied networks and devices while protecting content.
Positioning WiMAX As The Personal Broadband TechnologyGreen Packet
More and more users want a broadband connection that is exclusive, follows them around and is available 24/7. Welcome to the concept of personal broadband. To realize this concept the chosen broadband network has to be able to deliver users’ expectations. Meanwhile, appropriate user devices must be employed. This paper presents WiMAX as the best technology to fulfill personal broadband and imparts what users expect from their personal broadband device.
This whitepaper discusses the next decade for WiMAX technology. It summarizes that WiMAX has evolved through several releases to support increased mobility and integration with LTE. While LTE deployment has increased, WiMAX still has applications in fixed wireless, rural broadband, and vertical industries. The whitepaper outlines ITU's vision for 4G networks, including seamless handovers between different wireless technologies to provide "always best connected" service to users across various network layers from personal to cellular networks.
This document discusses direct internet offload as a way for mobile carriers to offload data traffic from their cellular networks onto Wi-Fi networks. It describes direct internet offload as allowing data traffic to bypass the carrier's core network and be passed directly to the internet. The document discusses stakeholders in offload strategies and how understanding user behavior can help carriers implement offload. It also provides recommendations for carriers to start direct internet offload, such as building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators.
This document discusses LTE Broadcast/eMBMS and its potential to help mobile operators meet increasing demands for mobile data. LTE Broadcast allows the same content to be sent to multiple users simultaneously via broadcast, which is more efficient than unicasting content to each user individually. The document estimates LTE Broadcast could offload up to 15% of video traffic and 30% of audio traffic. This would result in up to an 11.5% reduction in total daily traffic per subscriber and 14.7% reduction during peak hours. If deployed, LTE Broadcast could allow mobile operators to reduce network capacity investments in 2016 by an estimated 9.8%, saving billions of dollars.
1) P1 is Malaysia's first and leading WiMAX operator that chose Green Packet's WiMAX solutions to provide high quality wireless broadband services and enhance the user experience.
2) Green Packet's solutions helped P1 retain its position as the leading WiMAX operator in Malaysia through award-winning modems, unified connection management, and over-the-air updates that reduced complaints.
3) Green Packet also supported P1's sales growth through a coverage map solution that dynamically shared coverage information with subscribers and resellers.
This document discusses Wi-Fi offload strategies for mobile carriers. It outlines a 3 step approach: 1) View Wi-Fi offload as a long term strategy for incremental returns rather than just short term cost savings. 2) Scale carrier Wi-Fi networks and shape user behavior to drive more usage. 3) Consider the implications of Wi-Fi for mobility and roaming. It also discusses the need to harmonize Wi-Fi and mobile networks to provide a seamless experience, and factors influencing whether simply providing ubiquitous Wi-Fi access is sufficient.
Telecommunications network operators around the world are increasingly looking to decommission older legacy networks as new technologies are deployed and network traffic grows rapidly. The document discusses the key findings of a global study on network decommissioning conducted by PwC in 2012. Key points include:
- Nearly 90% of wireline and over 60% of wireless operators surveyed planned to decommission legacy networks in the next 5 years.
- Primary drivers for decommissioning are reducing operating costs and improving customer experience.
- Over 90% of wireless network decommissioning will involve 2G technologies, while wireline decommissioning will focus on copper networks.
- Approaches to decommissioning include turning networks off, physical removal of
The document proposes a shift from subscriber-centric mobile networks to consumer-centric networks. It argues that consumers now expect more control over their mobile experience and more choices in services, as seen with popular internet services. A new Consumer-centric Services layer is proposed to provide functions for personalized policy, content, and context management across devices and providers. For this vision to be realized, open standards and cooperation across network operators, applications providers, and device manufacturers will be needed.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
The document discusses Nokia's GPRS solution for mobile operators. It describes how GPRS enables new data and multimedia services, fueling significant revenue growth beyond voice. Nokia's end-to-end GPRS solution provides a platform for these new services through elements like the SGSN, GGSN, and intelligent content delivery system. It also discusses the benefits of Nokia's solution such as security, scalability, converged charging capabilities, and comprehensive support.
Network visibility allows mobile operators to see how their entire network is functioning and how it is being used by subscribers. This gives operators the ability to better understand network performance issues, plan network improvements, and develop new revenue-generating services. Achieving true network visibility requires open systems that can collect and analyze large amounts of network and subscriber usage data with minimal data loss. This data will help operators address challenges like increasing speeds, growing network capacity demands, and preparing for new technologies while also creating customized service plans to increase revenues and reduce subscriber churn.
This document discusses the introduction of 3G technology in Bangladesh. It provides background on 3G services and their advantages. The key challenges for implementing 3G in Bangladesh are the high costs of upgrading infrastructure and licensing fees. While 3G could threaten the existing WiMAX industry, it may also raise awareness of mobile broadband. The document outlines the opportunities 3G presents, such as improving access to education and business, but notes coverage will likely start in major cities and focus on voice before expanding to data applications. Mobile operators are seeking technology-neutral licenses to offer 3G or 4G.
http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson-mobility-report
We have performed in-depth data traffic measurements since the early days of mobile broadband from a large base of live networks covering all regions of the world.
The aim of this report is to share analysis based on these measurements, internal forecasts and other relevant studies to provide insights into the current traffic and market trends.
We will continue to share traffic and market data, along with our analysis, on a regular basis. We hope you find it engaging and valuable.
Ericsson Mobility Report is the new name for the Ericsson Traffic and Market Report, copies of which can be downloaded on this page.
The document discusses data offloading strategies using Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion on cellular networks. It describes how the ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) specification allows for dynamic data offloading between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks like Wi-Fi. The Greenpacket solution uses an intelligent client that enforces operator policies in real-time to selectively shift data traffic from 3G to Wi-Fi networks based on factors like location, time of day, application type, and network conditions to improve the user experience while balancing network load. The ability to control which applications remain on cellular and which shift to Wi-Fi allows operators to better manage quality of experience and retain visibility of traffic patterns.
Performance Evaluation of Interactive Video Streaming over WiMAX Network IJECEIAES
Nowadays, the desire of internet access and the need of digital encodings have influenced quite a large number of users to access high quality video application. Offering multimedia services not only to the wired but to wireless mobile client is becoming more viable. In wireless medium, videostreaming still has high resource requirements, for example, bandwidth, traffic priority, smooth play-backs. Therefore, bandwidth demands of these applications are far exceeding the capacity of 3G and Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs). The current research demonstrates the introductory understanding of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) network, applications, the mechanisms, its potential features, and techniques used to provide QoS in WiMAX, and lastly the network is simulated to report the diverse requirements of streamed video conferencing traffic and its specifications. For this purpose two input parameters of video traffic are selected, i.e, refresh rate, which is monitored in terms of frames per second and pixel resolutions which basically counts the number of pixels in digital imaging. The network model is developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. Apart from this, the second aim of the current research is to address whether WiMAX access technology for streaming video applications could provide comparable network performance to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). For this purpose network metrices such as End to End delay and throughput is taken into consideration for optimization.
Mass Customization: The Role of SDN and NFV in a 4G NetworkJuniper Networks
This document discusses how software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) can enable mass customization in 4G networks. It argues that SDN and NFV allow networks to be more responsive, efficient, and automated by converging network functions for high performance and virtualizing functions for agility. This creates an intelligent, programmable infrastructure that can customize the subscriber experience through dynamic, policy-based service chaining of virtualized network functions. By combining high-performance networking with cloud agility through NFV, service providers can optimize their infrastructure and offer localized cloud services to better serve network applications and customer needs.
Netflix over Qos Enabled LTE Research Paper FinalAjit Kahaduwe
1) The document discusses how using Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms can enhance the experience of streaming video applications like Netflix over cellular networks.
2) Tests were conducted on an LTE network to analyze how giving Netflix higher priority through QoS impacted video quality and buffering during congestion compared to default "best effort" treatment.
3) The results showed that higher QoS priority for Netflix improved video quality and reduced buffering events during congestion compared to best effort, demonstrating how QoS can provide a better user experience for video streaming.
Reducing Wireless Network CAPEX Through Streamlined Planning | Solution br...Infovista
Network planning and optimization teams can be more efficient with integrated access to network performance data, also known as key performance indicators (KPIs) and traffic data, via their engineering software. With embedded access to multi-vendor KPIs, mobile operators’ engineering teams will get:
🔷Access to always up-to-date network information
🔷Higher accuracy in their network plans with up-to-date traffic maps
🔷An easy way to identify evolving hotspot
🔷Direct feedback on roll-out of new sites and network updates
🔷Better control when introducing new services such as VoLTE
By leveraging rich performance data collected from the network, RF engineers can truly understand the dynamics of an evolving mobile network. This insight enables mobile operators to stay ahead of the competitive curve by being more proactive about mobile network deployments. By making the right decisions at the right time mobile operators can reduce OPEX and optimize CAPEX while securing customers’ quality of experience (QoE).
❓ ANY QUESTIONS? CONTACT US https://bit.ly/3p28yMA
📌 LET'S CONNECT📌
🔹 Official Site: https://www.infovista.com/
🔹 Our Blog: https://www.infovista.com/blog
🔹 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/infovista
🔹 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/infovista
🔹 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Infovista
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-OperatorsGreen Packet
Given the increase in the number of permutations of device and content available out there, a move towards web-based cloud solutions will inevitably form the need for more mobility and efficiency in delivery. This paper will discuss the implications of the emergence of multifunction, multi-radio systems and multiplatform application and services that are driving forward seamless mobility in the pretext of “now” that allows users to transparently access network connections and ensure session persistence across varied connections for consistent experience together.
This document provides an overview of data offloading and discusses the need for seamless mobility across cellular and WiFi networks. It notes that as data usage increases, carriers need solutions to offload data traffic onto WiFi networks to reduce congestion on cellular networks. The document discusses how a client-based solution using mobile IP technology can provide seamless handovers between networks while maintaining session persistence. This allows users to transparently access different network connections and have a consistent experience. It argues that such a solution provides benefits like improved quality of experience for users and increased efficiency for carriers in managing network traffic and resources.
This document discusses orchestrating network performance. It notes that digital transformation is creating new challenges for enterprises and service providers as networks become more distributed and complex. Orchestrating network performance across hybrid infrastructures is crucial for optimizing user experience, application performance, and operational costs. The document outlines InfoVista's solutions for orchestrating network performance across planning, operations, and optimization of the entire network lifecycle. InfoVista's solutions help enterprises guarantee application performance, help service providers maximize service monetization, and help mobile operators improve user experience and reduce churn.
This is the paper that started it all. An early thought piece discussing the widening profitability gap for mobile network operators and positing a disruptive architectural response. Originally branded "Adaptive Backhaul", the concept already had most of the ingredients now found in the Mobile Edge Cloud: content caching, application hosting and acceleration deeply distributed in the radio access network. These ideas have been developed by innovative startups such as Saguna Networks and have formed the basis of important new offerings from Tier 1 network equipment vendors, such as NSN's Liquid Applications.
The application of 5G network communication is bound to be It is also necessary to meet user needs, optimize user experience, and achieve full network coverage without dead ends.
The document discusses the integration of Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks in heterogeneous networks. It forecasts strong growth in mobile data usage and adoption of small cells. It outlines challenges around deployment, interference, and handoffs in heterogeneous networks. It proposes strategies like self-optimizing networks and dedicated small cell spectrum. The document advocates for seamless integration of Wi-Fi and 3GPP through intelligent radio access selection and traffic steering.
The document discusses the integration of Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks in heterogeneous networks. It forecasts strong growth in mobile data usage and adoption of small cells. It outlines challenges around deployment, interference, and handoffs in heterogeneous networks. It proposes strategies like self-optimizing networks and dedicating spectrum for small cells. The document advocates integrating Wi-Fi and 3GPP through seamless handovers, traffic steering based on network conditions, and end-to-end integration from the core network to individual cells.
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IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
IRAT handover allows the transition of 3G voice and data services between WCDMA and GSM networks to maintain connections when users move between coverage areas. The process involves monitoring connection quality and signal strength on both networks, and triggering handovers when certain thresholds are met. Directed retry is also used to offload excess traffic from WCDMA to GSM networks by rejecting calls on WCDMA and redirecting them to GSM when WCDMA network load exceeds a threshold.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
This document discusses Nokia's 3G Application Aware RAN solution which enables real-time application differentiation and prioritization in 3G networks. It analyzes growing mobile data usage and shifting usage patterns. Existing QoS solutions are limited and cannot differentiate applications or account for real-time network conditions. Nokia's solution leverages core network intelligence and RAN awareness to detect applications and enforce policies. Test results showed prioritized applications experienced significantly improved performance even during congestion.
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
1. 3G Application Aware RAN with
In-bearer optimization
Creating value from application prioritization
Nokia Networks
Nokia Networks white paper
3G Application Aware RAN with In-bearer optimization
2. networks.nokia.comPage 2
Contents
1. Executive summary: Application differentiation creates
added value in mobile broadband
3
2. Mobile data usage will continue to grow rapidly 4
3. Internet usage models shift rapidly 6
4. The evolution of end-to-end data traffic management 7
5. Vision of QoS versus operational practice 7
6. Business models 8
7. Existing approaches for enabling QoS differentiation per
application
8
8. Application Aware RAN enables real application
differentiation in 3G
10
9. Impact of 3G Application Aware RAN QoS on user QoE 11
10. The test cases explored 12
11. Application Aware RAN Test Results 13
11.1 Application Aware RAN priority greatly improves
web browsing performance
13
11.2 Application Aware RAN priority boosts YouTube
video performance
14
11.3 Application Aware RAN priority with in-bearer
application optimization boosts application
multi-tasking
15
12. End-to-end QoE measurement with performance
manager and service quality manager for priority
services
18
13. Find out more 18
14. Abbreviations 19
3. networks.nokia.comPage 3
1. Executive summary: Application
differentiation creates added value
in mobile broadband
Data usage is growing faster each year and application usage patterns
are changing in unpredictable ways. Operators need better methods to
cope with the dynamic data consumption unleashed by the presence
of smartphones in existing 3G networks. These networks will continue
to carry the majority of data traffic over the coming decade. Even as
additional spectrum, small cell deployments, network features and
optimization techniques help to increase capacity, users expect ever
greater quality in their data sessions. Many subscribers consider data
transmission quality to be as important as network coverage, voice
quality, and price according to recent research1
.
The ability to prioritize application traffic dynamically when needed or
when it adds value for the user and the service provider in a simple but
effective manner creates an opportunity for the operator to move up
the data transport value chain beyond being a pipe provider. Existing
industry solutions for creating application awareness have limitations
that have hindered wide-scale adoption and cannot take advantage of
information from the radio access network (RAN) about cell load and
radio link conditions. In addition, existing solutions are complex to
deploy and cannot react to real-time changes in network and application
behavior.
Nokia Networks’ solution, 3G Application Aware RAN with in-bearer
optimization, leverages existing core network capabilities to inspect
data traffic at the application level while applying policy rules and
enforcement in real-time and end-to-end. Nokia Networks combines
Core Network intelligence with RAN awareness of cell load and radio link
conditions at the bearer level to create a real-time solution for detecting
application data and enforcing policy. Additionally, in-bearer application
optimization takes service prioritization further by extending priority
within the radio access bearer to treat applications with different latency
requirements to assist multi-tasking application users.
The inclusion of the RAN to real-time QoS decisions is the missing link
that gives operators real-time, intelligent control over applications,
breaking all the operational limitations that previously prevented 3G
networks from introducing application prioritization through transport
differentiation. Now operators can create application-specific packages
with personalization and targeted pricing to reflect measurable service
quality.
1. http://networks.nokia.com/news-events/press-room/press-releases/mobile-operators-keep-
your-customers-loyal-by-focusing-on-voice-data-quality-1gbperday
4. networks.nokia.comPage 4
Nokia Networks’ Smart Labs results show that per application-level
detection is very effective and able to provide significant improvements
in data throughput for prioritized services. Smart Labs conducted
a series of tests in which diverse popular applications such as web
browsing, YouTube, Skype, peer-to-peer (P2P) and file download
operated on off-the-shelf Android devices while the cell load varied
from no congestion to high congestion. The prioritized application and
user experienced the following benefits:
• HTTP web browsing data throughput increased 1.65 times when
prioritized in medium-loaded systems and 2.9 times in highly-
loaded systems, compared with testing on a best effort basis in a
congested cell.
• Response times for web services were improved.
• YouTube video data throughput increased 1.93 times when prioritized
in medium-loaded systems and 2.7 times in highly-loaded systems
compared with best effort carriage in a congested cell.
• YouTube video stream re-buffering was reduced or eliminated with
faster stream setup.
• P2P traffic scheduling was more flexible.
Building on the capabilities of Application Aware RAN an additional
feature for in-bearer application optimization enables service
prioritization for multi-tasking application users within a radio access
bearer for latency sensitive applications to be prioritized ahead of
non-latency sensitive ones without changing the QoS Profile.
Prioritized applications were found to experience the following benefits
when tested on a cell with load versus when QoS was inactive:
• FTP+HTTP Multi-tasking application throughput improved by 8 times
• Web page download times were approximately 8 times faster.
• FTP+YouTube Multi-tasking application throughput were 3 times faster
• YouTube video streams did not suffer from re-buffering and buffering
times were reduced from 52 seconds to 6 seconds.
Operators now have an effective system to offer per application priority
at the subscriber level. It is operationally deployable, backwards-
compatible to all 3G devices, and provides added, monetizable value for
the priority delivery of data services.
2. Mobile data usage will continue to
grow rapidly
The smartphone is driving continual increases of data consumption by
subscribers on mobile networks with a five-fold increase in usage to 4 GB
5. networks.nokia.comPage 5
per month by 2019 from .8 GB per month in 20142
. Usage of web, video,
audio and file sharing continues to rise due to a confluence of widespread
availability of 3G networks, continued speed improvements from HSPA,
and increases in smartphone penetration and device capabilities.
In 2013 mobile networks carried for the first time more than one
exabyte (1 Billion Gigabytes) and the Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI)
projects that mobile networks will carry 2.5 exabytes of data per month
and further predicts data traffic to exceed 24 exabytes per month by
2019 (Figure 1).
Mobile video which earlier in the decade first became the largest single
traffic type on mobile networks continues to dominate traffic and is
expected to grow to three-quarters of all mobile data traffic by 2019.
Demand for mobile data is closely correlated to the evolution of
device and screen technologies, which are among the areas of the
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry that are
evolving the fastest. In 2007 the first iPhone®
was introduced with a
screen resolution of 320 x 480 pixels which in seven years increased
by 13.5 times to a display containing 1920 x 1080 pixels in the iPhone
6 Plus which users are filling with content at two times the data usage
of the “smaller” iPhone 63
. Ultimately, only the human eye will limit the
amount of digital content that will be consumed by a mobile device. In
addition to consuming content, ubiquitous integrated cameras with high
resolution and frame rate are producing exabytes of digital content to
be distributed via networks.
Clearly, mobile networks are facing a growing possibility of congestion
during peak usage hours, despite investments in additional base
stations, advanced RF features, and other capacity improvements.
Fig. 1. Cisco VNI global mobile
data traffic growth.
Exabytes/month
Mobile Data Traffic Growth
2019 mobile networks predicted to carry
more than 24 Exabytes per month
22001144 22001155 22001166 22001177 22001188 22001199
0
24
12
2. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/index.html
3. http://www.citrix.com/content/dam/citrix/en_us/documents/products-solutions/citrix-mobile-analytics-report-february-2015.pdf
6. networks.nokia.comPage 6
3. Internet usage models shift rapidly
While mobile internet network traffic continues to rise, there is a
noticeable change in usage patterns. Video is embedding itself into
more application categories and the types of application which
subscribers use are changing to include new categories and at different
times of the day.
For example according to a Citrix Mobile Analytics Report4
, a new small
but growing category, mobile dating, is used the most at 6 PM, while
healthcare / fitness applications which grew from 39% to 78% of
subscribers in two years have peak usage between 5-7 PM.
The usage of any content type is dynamic and in context of the
application being used. Most YouTube users watch videos for less
than 5 minutes at a time while on NetFlix a majority of users watch for
more than 5 mins4
. Embedding of video in applications has increased
to include social media applications like Facebook to messaging
applications like Snapchat / Instagram, and into new categories like
mobile gaming where two years ago none of top five applications
contained video to all five today4
. Users and their devices are multi-
tasking far more than before triggering multiple simultaneous data
sessions with different QoS requirements.
Interestingly, according Nokia’s own Acquisition and Retention Study5
report 41% of customers expect excellent network quality even if it
costs more. 3G networks need to be able to support rapid changes in
usage which adjust to work at the speed of the user.
Fig. 2. Use of different smartphone
applications by users.
PhotosVideoMusic Games ShoppingProductivity Storage
… … …
4. http://www.citrix.com/content/dam/citrix/en_us/documents/products-solutions/citrix-mobile-analytics-report-february-2015.pdf
5. http://networks.nokia.com/news-events/press-room/press-releases/network-and-service-quality-keeps-customers-loyal-nokia-
retention-study-shows
7. networks.nokia.comPage 7
Fig. 3. Current business models treat traffic equally under given conditions.
IMEI
Smartphone
Tablet
Thermostat
IMSI
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Volume
Monthly
Daily
Time
9AM to 11 AM
4PM to 5PM
Location
Home Zone
Access
2G, 3G, LTE
4. The evolution of end-to-end data
traffic management
How can operators and their customers adjust to the impact of data hungry
applications, especially since many data plans have pre-defined usage limits
and the popularity of different applications keeps changing? Traditional
traffic management and billing models (Figure 3) are inflexible on a per
application basis.
Most types of data traffic are treated equally under a given set of conditions,
such as device type (IMEI), subscriber level identity (IMSI), access type (2G,
3G, LTE), time of day, data volume and location.
5. Vision of QoS versus operational
practice
When the wireless industry standardized Quality of Service (QoS)
differentiation mechanisms in the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership
Project) more than a decade ago, Access Point Names (APN) with separate
primary bearer (Packet Data Protocol Context, of “PDP Context”) were
created to support QoS for data connections. However, it proved
impractical to manage multiple APNs per device across the network as the
number of applications and connections proliferated. This challenge was
compounded by the complexity of 3G QoS and associated device support,
which meant that the QoS mechanism was not used to the fullest extent
possible in operational networks.
The result of treating different traffic types equally or with limited number
of levels owing to the limitations of PDP context-level QoS is a constrained
business model. Single payer models, preferred and paid prioritization can’t
bring as much value and flexibility either to the customer or the service
provider because of the lack per application-level QoS differentiation.
If application-level differentiation can be enabled, then per application-
level management of the Quality of Experience (QoE) is possible, enabling
less important data to be delayed and preferred data to be prioritized.
New application-level pricing models can be offered thanks to transport
being a value added delivery service, rather than a best effort pipe.
8. networks.nokia.comPage 8
6. Business models
Clever, tiered pricing models and bundles containing mobile broadband data
services are major tools to help operators combat revenue erosion. This will
only become more important going forward as operators explore new models,
such as price differentiation by quality and application.
Ultimately, however, there is an increasing danger that the business of
being a network operator is changing from a retail model to a utility type of
business, with limited room for positive differentiation. Handset vendors and
OTT providers are gaining more traction with consumers and it will be harder
than ever for operators to establish strong customer relationships in the
future as consumers are focused on the latest device and the coolest app.
In most markets, customer loyalty is in decline. Consumers are increasingly
selecting their mobile broadband service provider based on coverage,
performance along with service price and handset offers.
It’s also clear that the number of cooperation agreements between operators,
OTT vendors and other industries will increase significantly, especially in the
areas of content delivery. Delivering services in a differentiated and managed
way opens up additional personalization and monetization opportunities
in partnership with content providers and global content delivery networks
(CDNs) by providing a clear value-add to the partners in the value chain and
ultimately the end users. A good analogy would be a value-adding logistical
service such as a premium postal service offering fast and reliable delivery.
Consider the example of video traffic delivery. The video traffic quality
issue can only be rectified by the network operator. The operator owns and
operates the only portion of the network between video servers and digital
video players that does not carry an explicit Service Level Agreement (SLA). If
operators can ensure a better service quality for specific OTT video streams
and provide SLAs on those streams that include the journey through the
RAN, various parties including consumers might be willing to pay for the value
added transport. Content providers want their end users to receive their
content at a reasonable quality. There are several potential revenue sources
for the operator: the end user paying for “premium” internet TV, the global
CDN, the content aggregator and the content provider paying for an explicit
SLA (in markets which allow various forms of paid prioritization).
7. Existing approaches for enabling QoS
differentiation per application
The industry has created a number of QoS differentiation solutions in an
attempt to solve the need for application differentiation.
These solutions have all seen some level of adoption depending on the
needs of the 3G HSPA network operator but they each have limitations that
have prevented their use on a large scale.
9. networks.nokia.comPage 9
• Core based application throttling
Application throttling is triggered by deep packet inspection (DPI) based
application detection, subscription, fair use policy, time of day, the user’s
initial cell location and a prediction of cell peak hours. Application IP flow
throttling is enforced within the core network.
Limitations: The system is not aware of cell-level loading in real time. To
add cell load awareness requires complex system integration (OSS, Policy,
GW, DPI) and will be inefficient and inaccurate.
• Network-requested PDP context QoS modification
Trigger for modification of the PDP context bearer is same as in core
based application throttling.
Limitations: Modifications impact the whole bearer so all applications are
affected by any change. Frequent modifications cause high signaling load
in all network elements (GGSN, SGSN, RNC, NodeB).
• Dedicated access point name (APN) per application
Primary PDP context level QoS differentiation can be provided by an
application-specific APN (device OS/application support), which is limited
to certain services, domains and operator or partner content. Normally
only operator service specific APNs are supported (e.g. MMS, IMS). Thus
application specific APNs are not really an option.
Limitations: There is no true application awareness within the PDP context
to determine which applications benefit. Typical usage in networks is
limited to specific services with policy rules. APN configuration information
requires the operator to push terminal configuration parameters to
the device and provide support from device software. It’s operationally
complex to implement, manage and maintain.
• Network-requested secondary PDP context and dynamic application
mapping
Selected applications are detected by DPI and secondary PDP context is
established for application specific traffic. Traffic flow templates in core
and user equipment (UE) map application IP flows to secondary PDP
context in order to provide differential QoS.
Limitations: This is only supported by LTE terminals and not currently by
3G (or 2G) terminals. It creates challenges in handling a mass of short-lived
uplink flows (such as P2P demotion). It creates delay because of the need
to activate radio resources when the first data arrives at the dedicated
bearer.
Each of these existing solutions solves some problems, but none of them
fully address radio access, which is the best real-time enforcement point for
per application QoS differentiation. Dynamic radio access scheduling must be
combined with the core network’s control and logic enforcement in order to
react dynamically to network conditions and user application usage.
10. networks.nokia.comPage 10
8. Application Aware RAN enables real
application differentiation in 3G
The wireless industry needs an end to end, per application level QoS
solution, but has not been able to implement a comprehensive system
for 3G QoS.
Nokia Networks has innovated with the creation of 3G Application Aware
RAN with in-bearer optimization an end to end QoS solution which
works with all existing HSPA-capable devices allowing operators and
their customers to prioritize important and specific data traffic flexibly,
without operational complexity and past limitations.
Nokia Networks’ Application Aware RAN is a dynamic, real-time solution
which (Figure 4) connects all the needed subsystems into one end
to end chain for QoS differentiation down to a per subscriber per
application level even within the same radio access bearer (RAB) which
opens up the possibility to prioritize multi-tasking subscribers who may
be using foreground and background applications simultaneously.
The solution works within the current 3GPP standards and network
elements by using QoS policies from the Subscriber Profile Repository
(SPR) which are used by the policy charging and rules function (PCRF)
to program the policy control enforcement function (PCEF) to mark IP
packets which are detected using deep packet inspection (DPI). These
markings are used by the Radio Network Controller (RNC) for bearer
priority and by the BTS to dynamically change bearer priorities in real-
time using Nokia’s advanced radio scheduling algorithms. Fast radio
scheduler reactions react to changing cell loads, radio conditions and
policy needs.
3G BTS RNC
Define application and subscriber specific
QoS profiles
Internet
Charging
PCEF+DPI
DPI: monitor and detect application use
while marking applications according to policies
SGSN PCRFSPR
Supported by
all devices
Real-time QoS enforcement and cell load aware
Best QoE and efficiency of the most critical
system resources
OSS
Fig. 4. Nokia Application Aware RAN end-to-end system approach.
11. networks.nokia.comPage 11
Test UE
Other UE’s for Load
Application Aware RAN User
Best Effort or lower priority User
RNC
SGSN
PCEF
PCRF
3G
BTS
Fig. 5. Lab setup for testing 3G Application Aware RAN and Application Aware RAN with in-bearer
application optimization
9. Impact of 3G Application Aware
RAN QoS on user QoE
In order to benchmark the efficacy of the Nokia 3G Application Aware
RAN solution, a series of lab tests were conducted in the Nokia
Networks’ Smart Labs using a 3G HSPA network with commercially
available HSPA Android-based smartphones. Note that Nokia’s
Application Aware RAN solution is network-based, dynamic, cell-load
aware and terminal-independent, so it supports all HSPA devices.
Depending on the test, five different common smartphone activities
were tested, including web browsing, file download, YouTube, P2P
torrent, email and Skype with and without multi-tasking.
The test setup is shown in Figure 5. Note that real-world results may
vary from lab
12. networks.nokia.comPage 12
10. The test cases explored
The test labs looked at five types of applications commonly used in an
HSPA network under varying levels of load. They tested the impact of per
application priority setting versus no priority as a best effort application.
Additional scenarios explored real-world user behavior, which typically
involves using multiple applications simultaneously on one device with
priority-setting as the network load varies.
For basic Application Aware RAN, Nokia Smart labs tested the selective
prioritization of applications on a device in preference to other
applications on the same device. Once the base test cases were
completed then Application Aware RAN with in-bearer application
optimization was tested to find the performance when users multi-task
and use FTP+HTTP or FTP+YouTube which varying priority needs.
Table 1. Description of test cases to verify the impact of Application Aware RAN.
Test Scenario Test Description
Unloaded system Single application (web browsing,
file download, YouTube, P2P torrent
and Skype) with PRIORITY
Medium cell load Single application with
NO PRIORITY (best effort)
Single application
with priority
Application Aware RAN
High cell load Single application with
NO PRIORITY (best effort)
Single application
with priority
Application Aware RAN
in-bearer optimization
FTP+HTTP
FTP+HTTP
on single RAB with cell load
NO PRIORTY (best effort)
Multi-tasking
with varying
application priority
Combination of Application
Aware RAN and in-bearer
application optimization
in-bearer optimization
FTP+YouTube
FTP+YouTube (HD video 720p)
on single RAB with cell load
NO PRIORITY (best effort)
Multi-tasking
with varying
application priority
Combination of Application
Aware RAN and in-bearer
application optimization
13. networks.nokia.comPage 13
11. Application Aware RAN Test Results
11.1 Application Aware RAN priority greatly
improves web browsing performance
Nokia Networks’ Smart Labs testing of prioritized HTTP web browsing
with Application Aware RAN shows significant performance improvements
resulting in higher user satisfaction for prioritized versus non-prioritized
(best effort) sessions during periods of congestion.
Test results showed (Figure 6) remarkably improved service quality for a
user with web browsing priority under different load conditions:
• Under medium cell load with prioritization, HTTP throughput increases
from 4.1 Mbps to 6.8 Mbps or 1.65 times compared with tests with no
priority as a best effort application.
• Under high cell load with prioritization, HTTP throughput increases
from 1 Mbps to 2.9 Mbps or 2.9 times compared with tests with no
priority as a best effort application.
• All tests show a general improvement in response times for web
services.
10
2
4
6
8
12
0
HTTP
Priority
No Load
HTTP
Priority
Medium
Load
HTTP Web Browsing Results
No HTTP
Priority
Medium
Load
No HTTP
Priority
High Load
HTTP
Priority
High Load
DataRate(Mbps)
Application Aware RAN Increases HTTP
Throughput in Cell Congestion
User with HTTP priority maintains higher data rates
Fig. 6. HTTP browsing results, prioritized vs.
non-prioritized.
14. networks.nokia.comPage 14
11.2 Application Aware RAN priority boosts
YouTube video performance
If Application Aware RAN prioritization can improve web browsing for
selected users during periods of congestion, what effect can it have
on demanding video sessions? Nokia Networks’ Smart Labs applied
application priority to a user streaming a 30 second, 720p YouTube
video clip to an off-the-shelf Android device. Cell-level congestion
conditions were varied from no load to high load using additional
devices. A performance comparison of YouTube sessions with
application priority and with no application priority (normal best effort
data) was conducted.
Application Aware RAN created significant performance improvements
in data throughput at times of congestion for a user with a prioritized
YouTube service (Figure 7):
• Under medium cell load with prioritization, throughput increases from
3.2 Mbps to 6.2 Mbps or 1.93 times compared with tests with no
priority as a best effort application.
• Under high cell load with prioritization, throughput increases from
1 Mbps to 2.7 Mbps or 2.7 times compared with tests with no priority
as a best effort application.
Fig. 7. YouTube video session results,
prioritized vs. non-prioritized.
5
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
0
Video
Priority
No Load
Video
Priority
Medium
Load
YouTube Video Streaming Results
No Video
Priority
Medium
Load
No Video
Priority
High Load
Video
Priority
High Load
DataRate(Mbps)
Application Aware RAN Boosting video streaming performance.
User with YouTube Priority has higher data rates for video sessions during
congestion with faster server access and less buffering.
15. networks.nokia.comPage 15
• The user with a prioritized YouTube service also experiences faster
server access, making it quicker to set up a video stream. More
importantly, when the cell experiences high load, video buffering
times are substantially decreased.
• YouTube data is successfully detected and prioritized, while other
application data continues as best effort traffic.
11.3 Application Aware RAN priority with
in-bearer application optimization boosts
application multi-tasking
If Application Aware RAN prioritization alone can improve performance
what is the impact of enabling the in-bearer application optimization
feature along with Application Aware RAN?
In-bearer application optimization goes to the next level of Application
Aware RAN by prioritizing applications or services within an access
bearer where different application types can be scheduled according to
their latency sensitivity. This reflects real-world smartphone scenarios
with multiple applications running in parallel.
Nokia Networks’ Smart Labs applied both Application Aware RAN and
in-bearer application optimization to observe the affect of both features
running together when a smartphone is multi-tasking by operating two
different types of applications simultaneously.
For the tests, off the shelf Android devices were used on a loaded cell
with the UE of interest being tested multi-tasking first FTP+ HTTP and
then FTP+YouTube.
Application Aware RAN with in-bearer application optimization created
significant performance improvements in data throughput and
experience for the user and for the preferred application(s) versus if no
QoS policies were active (Figure 8) in loaded conditions:
• With priority for HTTP data traffic multi-tasking with a background
application, application throughput increased from 1.07 to 2.31 Mbps
for FTP and from 0.34 to 2.85 Mbps for HTTP compared to when QoS
was inactive for an 8 times HTTP throughput improvement
• With priority for HTTP data traffic multi-tasking with a background
application, webpages load times were reduced from 141 to 18
seconds as compared to when QoS was inactive for almost a 8x
reduction in time
16. networks.nokia.comPage 16
• With priority for YouTube data traffic multi-tasking with a background
application, throughput Increased from 0.6 to 2.8 Mbps for FTP and
from 0.7 to 2.1 Mbps for YouTube compared to when no QoS was
inactive for a 3 times YouTube throughput improvement
• When YouTube is multi-tasking with a background application, initial
video buffering times were reduced from 52 seconds with no QoS
enabled to 6 seconds when both Application Aware RAN and in-bearer
application optimization were operational and user annoying
re-buffering events dropped from 59 to 0 events
0
1
2
3
UE FTP TP
UE HTTP TP
0.34
2.31
1.07
DataRate(Mbps)
No QoS Application Aware RAN +
In-bearer App Optimization
FTP + HTTP
0
1
2
3
UE FTP TP
UE YouTube TP
2.1
0.7
2.8
0.6
DataRate(Mbps)
No QoS Application Aware RAN +
In-bearer App Optimization
FTP + YouTube
2.85
141 28 18
0
20
40
140
No QoS Application aware RAN Application aware
RAN + In-bearer
App Optimization
Webpagedownloadtime(sec)
SSmmaarrttpphhoonnee mmuullttii--ttaasskkiinngg iinn llooaaddeedd cceellll..
BBaacckkggrroouunndd FFTTPP ++ ffoorreeggrroouunndd BBrroowwssiinngg..
Application Aware RAN with in-bearer application optimization improves both the application
performance vs. no QoS and further increases the throughput and helps delay sensitive applications in
cell load conditions
Application Aware RAN optimization improves user experience by reducing
web page download times
17. networks.nokia.comPage 17
52 9 659 0 0
0
10
50
60
No QoS Application
aware RAN
Application aware
RAN + In-bearer
App Optimization
SSmmaarrttpphhoonnee mmuullttii--ttaasskkiinngg iinn llooaaddeedd cceellll..
BBaacckkggrroouunndd FFTTPP ++ ffoorreeggrroouunndd YYoouuTTuubbee HHDD 772200pp..
YouTube initial
buffering (sec)
Number of YouTube
re-buffering events
Application Aware RAN optimization improves user experience by reducing video
buffering times from click to view vs No QoS and reduces annoying re-buffering
of videos
18. networks.nokia.comPage 18
12. End-to-end QoE measurement
with performance manager and
service quality manager for priority
services
Ensuring service quality for more demanding applications such as
YouTube requires Operational Support Systems (OSS) to let the
operator know that the enabled priority plan is working as expected.
Nokia Networks has designed OSS support to monitor application
performance in management systems, with an overview and drill
down support available for Application Aware RAN. Operators can
monitor high-value applications within the network 24/7, with views
of differentiated application throughput at the cell level and root
cause analysis of service degradation, if it occurs. With the integrated
measurement capability from Nokia Networks’ management service,
operators can see QoE analysis with easy reporting of differential
throughput for users and applications.
13. Find out more
Contact Nokia Networks for more details and the results of the other
Smart Labs tests for Application Aware RAN for 3G and how Nokia can
help you add value from prioritization to your network.
Measure active application
throughput for services for end
user experienced DL throughput
Monitor application performance
using Performance Manager/Service
Quality Manager
Holistic view or drill down service level
View differentiated app throughput
easily - per app priority class cell
Performance Management for precise following of application priority classes
Know what you deliver to meet marketing promises ensure great user experience
Fig. 9. Nokia performance management systems for application monitoring.
19. networks.nokia.comPage 19
14. Abbreviations
2G Second Generation cellular
3G Third Generation cellular
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
APN Access point name
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CDN Content delivery networks
DPI Deep packet inspection
NB NodeB
GBR Guaranteed bit rate
GGSN Gateway GPRS support node
GW Gateway
HSPA High-speed packet access
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
LTE Long Term Evolution
NW Network
OTT Over-the-top
OSS Operational support systems
PDP Packet Data Protocol
P2P Peer-to-peer
PCEF Policy Control Enforcement Function
PCRF Policy Charging and Rules Function
QCI QoS Class Indicator
QoS Quality of service
QoE Quality of experience
RAN Radio access network
RNC Radio Network Controller
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SLA Service Level Agreement
UE User equipment