3.ending sounds

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UNIT 3. ENDING SOUNDS

I. Pronouncing endings "-s, es":

books

watches

tables
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For –s, es
/s/
when the ending sound of the
words is /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ or
/θ/
Example:

thinks /θiŋks/ cliffs /klifs/
hopes /h∂ups/ puts /puts/

For –s, es
/iz/ when the ending sound of the words
is one of the six hissing sounds
(âm gió) /s/ /ʃ/ /ʧ/ /z/ /ʒ/ /ʤ/

Example businesses /'biznisiz/

Washes /wƆʃiz/

changes /'ʧeinʤiz/

churches /ʧ∂:ʧiz/


For –s, es
/z/ when the ending sound of the
words is either a vowel or a
voiced consonant
Example:

things /θiŋz/ stays /steiz/

shares /ʃe∂z/ investors /in'vest∂z/

For “- ed”
/t/ when the ending sound of the words is
an unvoiced consonant except /t/

Example

hoped /h∂upt/ divorced /di'vƆ:st/

thanked /θæŋkt/ finished /'finiʃt/

laughed /la:ft/ asked /askt/

For “- ed”
/id/ when the ending sound of the words
is either /t/ or /d/

Example

wanted /wƆntid/ presente/pri'zentid/

needed /'ni:did/ decided /di'saidid/


For “- ed”
/d/ when the ending sound of the words is
either a vowel or a voiced consonant except /d/

Example

robbed /rƆbd/ changed/ʧeinʤd/

loved /lʌvd/ returned /ri't∂:nd/

surprised /s∂:'praizd/ called /kƆ:ld/


III. CÁCH ĐOÁN ÂM CUỐI ĐỂ THÊM VÀ PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI „S, ES và
ED‟

Khái niệm: đuôi là ký tự cuối của một từ xét về
chính tả, còn âm cuối là ký tự cuối trong phiên
âm của một từ.

E.g.: Face/ feis/: đuôi là „e‟ còn âm cuối là /s/
Trường hợp chung: đuôi của từ cũng chính là
âm cuối. E.g.: Cook có đuôi là “k” đồng thời âm
cuối cũng là “k” /kuk/:

Other examples: to meet, to run or exam, pen…


Trường hợp riêng:

Đuôi là “e” câm (có „e‟ nhưng „e‟ không được
phát âm)

.E.g.: to hope/houp/, to write/ rait/
Other examples: home, note, mate, cake or hate,
love, like

niece.s piece.s sense.s house.s
blouse.s change.s
charge.s George.s

Ngoại trừ: đuôi – ce/s/, se/s,z/
che/tʃ/ ge/dʒ/


Đuôi là „th’ /θ/

/mouth.s/ /fourth.s/

/fifth.s/ /wealth.s/

Còn đuôi là „the‟  /ð/

clothe.s/ /breathe.s/

bathe.s/ /lathe.s/

Đuôi là „ch’  /ʧ/

watch.es catch.es

witch.es pitch.es

Đuôi „sh‟  /∫/

wish.es push.es

wash.es clash.es


Đuôi là „x‟ /s/

box.es fox.es

fix.es six.es



Đuôi là „-ng‟ /ŋ/

sing.s song.s

thing.s feeling.s


Đuôi là „er, or, ar, ur‟, hoặc nói chung có
„r‟ cuối có thể áp dụng theo trường hợp
chung.

Teacher.s

Doctor.s

Engineer.s

Gạch chân các từ có đuôi –s, hoặc – es rồi phiên âm những đuôi này
theo quy tắc đã học:

Laundry Time

Liz hates doing the laundry. She realizes that four weeks have passed
since her trip to the Laundromat. There are piles of clothes in the closets,
the sheets and towels are dirty, she‟s been wearing the same pair of blue
jeans for nine days, and she doesn‟t have any clean socks or blouses left.
She thinks about it while she is watching one of her favorite TV shows.
She wishes she didn‟t have to do such chores. Then she opens a book,
turns the pages, and tries to study. The phone rings: one of Liz‟s friends,
reminds her about Sally‟s party tomorrow evening. She decides that it‟s
now and never. She can‟t go to the party unless she washes one of her
new dresses. She stuffs all her clothes into two laundry bags. She strips
the bed and pulls the pillows. She goes through the apartment, picking up
everything in sight. Finally, she grabs come coat hangers, two boxes of
detergent, and her keys, and closes the door behind her. She hopes she
wasn‟t be too late. She arrives at the Laundromat, carries in all her
belongings, and searches for some empty machines. But they‟re all either
in use or out of order. She sighs, picks up everything, and drives to the
local video store to rent a couple of movies.

Gạch chân các từ có đuôi – ed rồi phiên âm những đuôi này theo
quy tắc đã học:

Howard’s Morning

The clock radio played soft music, but it sounded far away to
Howard. At last, he opened his eyes, rolled over, and looked at
the clock. He turned away and started to go back to sleep when
suddenly he realized that it was already eight o‟clock. He was
late. He jumped out of bed, quickly shaved, brushed his teeth,
combed his hair, and got dressed. He‟d wanted to take a
shower, but decided that there wasn‟t enough time. He rushed
down the stairs and into the kitchen. He hated being late.
Hurriedly, he fixed breakfast- coffee and a toasted English
muffin (no time for his usual fried egg) –and raced out the door.
He started his car and had just pulled out the driveway when
the thought popped into his mind: it was Saturday; he didn‟t
have to go to work after all. He slowly returned, climbed the
stairs, changed his clothes, and went back to bed again.


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