3D Printing Strategies Profiled Companies

3-D Printing, Soligen and Other Companies
Question 1: Select 2–3 companies profiled in the case and discuss the formulation of their respective strategies for commercializing the TDP
Technology The three companies we would further discuss are the Soligen, Specific Surface Corporation (SSC) and Z Corp. Sloigen: Soligen
Technology Inc. was founded by Yehoramo Uziel, it was incorporated in Delaware in October 1991, and commenced operations in April 1992. Soligen
is a metal casting industry which produces fully functional 3–Dimensional cast metal components. Typically the lengths of time to make castings are
approximately 6–12month. However with Soligen's unique technology known as DSPC (Direct Shell Production Casting) the length of production is
reduced to weeks or even... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specific Surface Corporation was then able to provide customers with filters that efficiently removed particulates from dirty hot flue gas streams
hence providing customers with greater power generation efficiency. As Parrish and Jeffery brainstormed the problems on the already existing
filter industry they arrived with two major issued that were going on in the industry. They were, one people no longer wanted to cool down gases
at the source. The other issue was that people wanted more compact filters, they wanted them smaller. However to get smaller filters one would
have to get a larger surface area. Parrish went ahead to contact companies such as ABB and Westinghouse which used a lot of filters and were
facing the similar problems. Parrish offered Jeffery the opportunity to join him and they pursued the opportunity together and licensed the
technology created by Emmanuel Sachs and they worked on creating the smaller filters with larger surface areas. In early 1993 Mike Cima a
professor of material science at MIT introduced Parrish to the 3DP process. Cima showed Parrish how he used it to make ceramics, Parrish then
inquired if anyone was using this technology to make filters and Cima's response was "No, why don't you do it". This was a distinct advantage for
Specific Surface Corporation as at the time there were no companies involved in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fused Deposition Modeling
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF PLASTICS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, AHMEDABAD Title : surface finish improvement of FDM
manufactured parts & mechanical properties characterization
(For PLA Materials)
Internal guideMember's Name
Mr, Dignesh thesiya1. Keshardeep Jain
(Faculty, CIPET )2. Shubham Agrawal 3. Pankaj
External guide4. Vaishali Bhadrasen
Mr, Nirmal patel
(Director, Krishna engineering) CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Principle
3.Material
4.Advantage & application
5.Literature survey
6.Test
7.References INTRODUCTION
1.What is 3D printing?
3D printing is also known as desktop fabrication or additive manufacturing. It is a prototyping process whereby a real object is created from a 3D
design. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
пѓ Et al [1] the chemical post treatment does not require human intervention and has led to a signiп¬Ѓcant improvement in surface п¬Ѓnish at the
expense of a negligible change in the prototype size.
пѓ Et al [3] the surface finish can be improved by choosing suitable build orientation of the part. It can also be increased by reducing the layer
thickness of build material.

пѓ We have coating parts with epoxy resins and paints; this is by far the easiest method, and is great for beginners.
пѓ Et al [3] it will increase the build time. Some authors has reported that proper setting of FDM machine parameters may lead to better surface finish.
пѓ Et al [3] Out of post processing techniques, chemical treatment has been used successfully by some researchers to produce a very good surface
finish.
пѓ Et al [4] the material property geometry and accuracy influence the 3D model build by PLA and polyamide were compared on the quality
prototype. Quality prototype build by polyamide 3D material in the powder form using SLS process were acceptable when compared the prototype
build by PLA 3D material in the filament form using FDM

A Report On Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing(AM) is a manufacturing technology that creates objects rapidly with the help of Computer Aided Design (CAD) files.
Different from traditional manufacturing method, additive manufactured models are usually stacked out by a serial of planer slices which are
produced by processing wanted CAD designs with mathematical code.
Stereolithography, commonly known as SLA, is one of the most applied forms of AM technology. Stereolithography researches were first appeared in
1970s, then in 1986 Chuck Hull patterned a technique capable of stacking planer cross–sectional geometries, in the direction of bottom to top, into a
complete physical model. The unique material in Hull's pattern was ultraviolet sensitive photopolymer. This technology was named and coined as the
term "Stereolithography". In the same year, Hull also founded 3D system Inc., currently known as the first and biggest 3D printing enterprise.
After decades of development, stereolithography now can be described as an Additive Manufacturing process that hardening or curing photopolymer
resin layer by layer into actual objects. The light source, usually using ultraviolet light, provides essential energy for stimulating and maintaining
photo–polymerization reaction in which smaller molecules bond and form cross–linking polymer molecular chains. The energy source of
photo–polymerization reaction can be a laser beam or mask projection patterns. The laser beam moving trajectories or mask projection

3d Printing And Its Impact On The Medical Field
3D printing is slowly making its way into the mainstream train of thought. Students at an abundance of universities have access to this incredible
innovation. To some this exciting technology seems to be nothing but a fad. However, 3D printing has already began to make significant strides in the
medical field. With the right business strategies, we believe that 3D printing will take the medical field to a place we before never saw as possible.
Happening Now Today, we can see medical students using 3D printers to assist with surgical planning and practice (Rengier, 2010). Even experienced
surgeons are using advanced design technology to take x–rays of patients and 3D print the exact replica, allowing doctors to practice difficult surgeries
with an exact practice test (Rengier, 2010) With the technology and usage of3D printing already in place we can begin to see huge strides being made
with this technology. Fewer mistakes to be made by surgeons and more experience by medical students will lead to an intense decrease in
malpractice lawsuits from surgeons. The possibilities are truly limitless. And limitless it will have to be as we are currently seeing doctors and
engineers working together to try and achieve the 3D organ. Experts believe that soon we will be able to make 3D printed organs and cells to be
used in surgery. One issue that may arise in many skeptics minds is how can a piece of plastic replace and operate like an organ. Well, there are

M3d Essay
To:Mr. Ed Smith
From:Navisha Arora
CC:Prof. Purdy
Date:December 13, 2014
Re: Recommendation to invest in the Micro 3D printer project
The Micro 3D printer is the most affordable, simple to use, fast and reliable 3D printer ever. It is an excellent technology. This document will give you
an insight on:
Overview of the Micro 3D printer
Technical details of the Micro 3D printer
The usage and market value of the printer
Overview of the Micro 3D printer
The M3D is an upcoming project which releases in early 2015. The project has 12,000 backers so far and is the largest 3D Kickstarter ever. 3D printing
is a cutting edge technology which could be a huge in the near future. The Micro 3D printer project has raised more than 3.3 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Micro 3D printer is a very simple and straightforward product. Once the software is installed in the system, the prototype can be printed instantly.
The M3D comes with its software that can be connected to any system (Windows, Mac and Linux). This software is touch–screen capable with a
simple interface and is USB compatible for the connection. The Micro 3D printer comes with the M3D software, USB cable, instructions manual,
country–specific power adapter and one micro filament spool. (LLC, 2014) This is a very interesting project and a growing technology to invest in.
The M3D would be the most affordable 3D printer ever. This product would be useful for the beginners as well as the experts. The designer could
select any model from the internet, download that model and print it easily. The 3D prototype of that selected model will be created by the M3D. This
3D printer can work for hours consistently providing auto–leveling and auto–calibration without any maintenance other than changing the filament
spools or the print bed. This could be used for business, education or personal purpose. The M3D can be used to create products like the glasses,
jewelry, planes, cars, small models or any other creative products that the designer would like.
An existing significant risk for the M3D is injection molding. Only one manufacturer can be secured for injection molding as it is

Wall Street Journal Analysis
Paper #3
The third paper is an analysis and my thoughts on "The Wall Street Journal" article by Bob Tita titled A New Approach to New Products. The article
focuses on open innovation and rapid prototyping as characteristics of the innovative company FirstBuild. This paper discusses these two
characteristics in the context of DoD materiel acquisition. Prototyping has long been recognized as a low cost technique to test initial concepts and
ideas about a product meet user requirements. In some instances and over time, the cost for building prototypes has not been low and the time has been
unacceptable, which is why 3D printing has become so popular. Prototyping has now regained its value in the development cycle due to 3D printing.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of our meetings in DoD do not meet any standard metrics for productivity according to much of the best practices of management so
experimenting with them seems only an opportunity for improvement. I have experimented with multiple aspects of meetings to include their duration,
their location, setting the agenda with one or two questions to drive discussion versus a straight transmittal of information format, and with meeting
attendees. The result has been a consistent push–back to changing such aspects of the meeting and very little desire for consideration of other ways of
accomplishing the purpose of the meeting. Some don't even want to spend the time thinking critically about the purpose of a meeting in order to
identify alternative solutions. This is worrisome to me because if we cannot experiment with simple aspects of our daily business, the possibility of
experimenting with different equipment or organizational structures seems like a significant leap for some of our

Disadvantages Of Biomedical Engineering
The human body is made up of a series of organs, each one serving its own unique and irreplaceable purpose within a system. For the most part these
organs function to the fullest of their abilities; however, sometimes things go wrong, and organs, for whatever reason, stop working. When a vital
organ fails it begins a decline in all other organs and can eventually lead to complete organ failure. This is because when an organ fails, there is nothing
else able to imitate its unique structure and function. In the face of this, scientists and medical specialists alike have begun to develop methods to
alleviate the consequences of organ failure. Some of these methods result from medicine, geneticists, and mechanics, but truly, the most prospective of
all the methods is via biomedical engineering. Within biomedical engineering, through a method called Bioprinting, scientists can now create new
organs out of the patient's own cells, and have been doing so since 1999 (11). It works like this. First you start with a blueprint outlining the desired
structure of the organ(22). Then you move onto the 3d printing machine, such as a Regonovo capable of running the inkjet sub–method of 3d
printing(15). This type of 3d printing is designed to build the desired object, or in this case organ, by laying down the material layer by layer and
allowing it to fuse together along the way, allowing it to maintain structural integrity. Within a bioprinter there is bioink, which is acell filled

Summary: Diminished Oral Health
Diminished oral health caused by tooth loss has a great impact on individuals' well–being and quality of life. Edentulism results in impairment of
masticatory function and speech, altered self–image, and social disability. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that aging, rural geo–locality, and
lower education levels are all predictors of edentulism (1). Current demographic trends forecast an increased size and age of the senior population and
that edentulism will continue to be a major oral health problem. Douglass and colleagues (2) estimated that the adult population in the US who need
one or two complete dentures is expected to increase to nearly 37.9 million in 2020. A recent news article published in 2014 by theAmerican Dental
Association ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subtractive processes for digital dentures fabrication can either mill dentition and denture bases as one–unit or as a denture base upon which denture
teeth are bonded.
A possible limitation for monolithic denture fabrication is the size of the pucks that could be fitted in the milling machines. For example, the
WIELAND ZENOTEC T1 milling machine can accommodate a puck that is 98mm in diameter with a maximum height of 25mm(17). Due to this size
limitation, it may mandate the need to mill denture bases and teeth separately and thereafter, be bonded to each other to form the complete dentures.
The 3D manufacturing through additive rapid prototyping comprises of a layering process. Commercially available prototyping machines include:
steriolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), multi–jet modeling (MJM) and fused
deposition modeling (FDM) (11). Safety for intra–oral use of most of the currently available rapid prototyping materials remains a concern. In 2012,
Inokoshi and colleagues utilized an ultra–violet–cured acrylic based resin material for the fabrication of trial dentures (FullCure720, Objet Geometries,
Rehovot, Israel); which was approved for medical use with regards to cytotoxicity and sensitization standards by the United States Pharmacopeia
(USP) Class VI. The gingival tissues were created by painting the prostheses with pink composite resins

Will Technology Drive Our Culture To Be Less Creative?
There is a problem. At work there are new ideas to pitch. At school there are endless projects and assignments that have to be finished quickly.
Everyone wants these ideas to be original, one–of–a–kind, never seen before! Everywhere in life there are stressors that send adrenaline and cortisol
hormones to your body that increase heart rate and sugars in the bloodstream. These hormones trigger neurons in your brain to release neurotransmitters
that within a fraction of a second have reached all of the interconnected regions of the brain. All of the sensors in the brain receive the impulses, and the
Executive Attention Network that brings attention, creative thinking, and concentration into the brain's activity wraps everything together. There, a
creative thought has been born (Underwood 2).
Creativity can be defined by Dictionary.com as the use of the imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of an artistic work, and it is
quickly becoming the most valued trait of the century. According to a 2016 report by the World Economic Forum, it will be one of the top three
attributes that employers will be looking for by 2020 (Stenger). Many claim today's technology drives our culture to be less creative, and more robotic
and addicted. However, studies prove that when you integrate technology into everyday tasks, people actually respond better. In the workforce,
business world, and education systems, technology helps people be more engaged and put the creative

Taking a Look at 3D Printing
Introduction
This essay will convey in depth the definition of 3D printing and how it operates. It will also show some examples of different types of 3D printing
as well as show us how it can be useful in the industry of business, professional, education and home time. 3D printing can bring some advantages as
well as disadvantages not only to business but also to its employees. Printing this way will become more common as time goes by and can help the
industry limit on human error.
3D movies, holograms and much more have been created so why not have 3D printing. Three–dimensional printing has been extensively used in
engineering contexts for more than twenty years. However, it is only now that 3–D printing has taken the public's interest. With better alterations and
reduced costs over the years, technology has been mainly responsible for this amazing creation of top, front and side view objects printed.
A recent report done by industry consultancy and analysis firm McKinsey & Company said that 3D printing could cause some major advantages in the
global economy after some few years. One being that with consumers expecting more personalized features in the products they want to buy this would
mean that more time has to be spent making the products to the customers desires, it also means more value can be built into a product which, in return
could be used to generate customer loyalty and more income to the business (Maxey, 2014).
While 3D printing is a worthwhile technology

Technology And Technology : A New Opportunity For Medicine
The world is currently in an information age whereby traditional technologies are being replaced with a knowledge–based, digital alternative. This
progression invites vastly expanding quaternary industries and with it highly developed machinery. One such emergence is three–dimensional printing;
an idea first developed by Charles Hull in 1986. This technique encompasses the successive printing of a selected material so as to form a 3D construct
of an initially digital file1. This technology has seen vast usage in art and commerce since its establishment three decades but has only recently received
attention from the biotechnology industry. As of 2010 the potential of3D printing in areas of tissue engineering and body part creation has been ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This application of 3D printing to design such prosthetics is ever–expanding and has some exciting prospects.
Although RP clearly has the capacity for huge complexity, it must first be recognised that even its use in rectifying a common issue could greatly
enhance the lives of hundreds of people. One such example concerns prosthetic limbs. 95% of patient discomfort arises as a result of a socket2 – this
is considered to be the most crucial aspect of a prosthetic limb as if assembled incorrectly it can perturb the patient from wearing their prothethis2.
Traditionally this piece is tailor–made to achieve the most accurate fit possible, but discomfort arises regardless as it often fails to mimic the natural
joint4. New techniques utilising 3D printing take a patient's structural CAD data and create an accurate model directly from it; eliminating the need
for foam or plaster casts4. Pressure between the interface of the socket and the residual limb is also reduced as RP allows different materials to be
incorporated into one design – in this case they have altering stiffness to compensate movement. The outcome of this research is a rapid, cheap and
highly accurate manufacturing process that doesn't compromise the performance, comfort or strength of the prosthesis.
Existing artificial limbs can also be augmented in order to evade the "one size fits all" approach that prosthesis is often labelled with. With 2 million

The Pros And Cons Of 3D Printing
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: ARMY PRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The Economist (2012) titled its article about 3D printing as 'The Third Industrial Revolution', implying that 3D technology has a potential to do so.
Will it really be happen? The answer remains to be seen, but considering the capabilities of 3D technology, it seems absolute. When we look back to
history, wheel, steam engine, and light bulb were all breakthroughs that shaped the way societies lived. In the 21th century,3D printing is the biggest
nominee for the title of new 'breakthrough' or 'game changer'. Taking into account the varieties of products that are the harvest of 3D printers, 3D
printing has already deserved that title and changed many traditional production rules. 3D printing or AM is used not only in civilian logistics but also
in military applications. Although it has some implications and drawbacks, 3D printing provides great opportunities for humanity, if used correctly.
On one hand, it can reduce costs and help us to gain more; on the other hand it can save the lives of people who are in need of urgent medical help.
What is 3D Printing? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Connor M. McNulty, 2012) American Society for Testing and Materials defines AM as the process of producing three
–dimensional object from
geometrical 3D data through the layer–by–layer addition (Wohlers Associates, 2010). Actually the main idea behind 3D printing is not different from
that of 2D (common) printing. In both of the printing processes, data is provided to a printer via computer and then printer turns it to a form that we

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Scaffolds
As previously defined, a composite material consists of two or more materials where polymers are used as matrix materials usually. These materials
behave together to produce the best properties of the scaffold, duplicating the same composite features of bone. In particular, polymer– based
composite scaffolds may mimic the structure of natural bone which is mainly made of HA and collagen. Showing better osteoconductivity, HA can be
considered the inorganic reinforcing phase of the composite scaffold, while polymers such as PCL, PLLA, PGA, PLGA function as the organic matrix.
Bioactive phases creating reinforcement in the polymer–based composite can also change the degradation behavior. Composite scaffolds made of
polymer reinforced with HA seem to be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering because of their outstanding mechanical properties and
osteoconductivity.
While intensive efforts have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effective synergic role of пѓЎ–TCP bioactive particles and PLA fibers on the morphology and mechanical behavior of the final composite
scaffold was assessed, as well as the interaction between the ceramic phase and the highly organized fiber–reinforced polymeric structure (60).
The integration of biodegradable PLA fibers into the PCL matrix allows a mechanical response that is ideal to maintain the spaces required for cellular
in–growth and matrix production. The addition of bioactive пѓЎ–TCP particles, through a hardening reaction, generates needle–like crystals of
calcium–deficient hydroxyapatite similar to natural bone apatite, which interact with the fiber–reinforced polymer. This interaction strongly enhances
the mechanical response in compression by up to an order of magnitude

Product Life Cycle Essays
2. Life Cycle Inventory: Introduction: Every new product or development made by man has an impact on environment. Growing environmental
concerns has made it necessary to quantitatively study these factors. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one such tool devised for calculating the overall
environmental impact of a product or service. It includes defining aim and scope of assessment, inventory analysis, impact assessment and deriving
conclusions. Life cycle inventory (LCI) is a part of LCA and involves direct collection of input output data from the system. Quantities like material
/resource consumed, energy utilised fall under inputs while energy and by–products released are considered outputs. Life cycle impact analysis (LCIA)
consists of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
hot cup32 oz. cold cup16 oz. hot cup32 oz. cold cup16 oz. hot cup16 oz. hot cup32 oz. cold cup Process3.85 (59 %)6.92 (58%)6.91 (87%)10.9
(89%)1.62 (93%)8.53 (88%)19.7 (89%) Transport0.089 (1%)0.17 (1%)0.23 (3%)0.39 (3%)0.13 (7%)0.36 (4%)0.70 (3%) Energy of material
resource2.61 (40%)4.83 (41%)0.75 (10%)1.02 (8%)0.0003 (0%)0.75 (8%)1.83 (8%) Energy Credit from 20% WTE0.370.690.500.820.200.701.18
Total6.1811.27.3911.51.558.9421.0 Energy Source (Million Btu)Natural gas2.95 (45%)5.41 (45%)1.98 (25%)2.94 (24%)0.25 (14%)2.23 (23%)3.52
(16%) Petroleum2.28 (35%)4.21 (35%)0.55 (7%)0.85 (7%)0.17 (10%)0.72 (8%)2.98 (13%) Coal0.89 (14%)1.54 (13%)1.29 (16%)1.87 (15%)0.51
(29%)1.80 (19%)3.37 (15%) Hydropower0.054 (1%)0.094 (1%)0.066 (1%)0.092 (1%)0.014 (1%)0.080 (1%)0.17 (1%) Nuclear0.34 (5%)0.59 (5%)0.41
(5%)0.58 (5%)0.086 (5%)0.50 (5%)1.03 (5%) Wood0 03.53 (45%)5.94 (48%)0.71 (40%)4.24 (44%)11.0 (50%) Other0.046 (1%)0.079 (1%)0.056
(1%)0.078 (1%)0.012 (1%)0.068 (1%)0.14 (1%) total 6.5511.97.8912.31.759.64 22.2 Fig. 2. Energy consumed per cup. (FRANKLIN ASSOCIATES,
LTD., March 2006) Fig. 3. Energy consumption by category. (FRANKLIN ASSOCIATES, LTD., March 2006) Fig. 4. Energy consumption by source.
(FRANKLIN ASSOCIATES,

Designing A Fdm Based Rapid Prototype Ie
Objective The purpose of this work is to design a FDM based Rapid Prototype ie. 3D Printer which will corrects the errors found on other FDM
printers and which provides high resolution and print size. To make the design cost effective FDM based printer is considered as cost of making it
and cost of raw materials is very less. Resolution and material usage customization is great in FDM. Hot end temperature need to be adjusted when
different material types are used. When required it is possible to mix different materials with different properties to produce a single printed object.
By end of this paper one is able to fabricate a 3D printer with low cost.
Abstract 3D printers are devices that can create a three–dimensional object from a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surely, the potential of 3D printing (3DP) has captured the popular imagination. From jet engine parts to made–to–fit jewelry, the technology is hailed
as revolution in how products are manufactured. According to estimates, the global 3DP printer market is poised to hit $6 billion by 2017 from $2.2
billion in 2012, with global shipments of printers costing less than $100,000 expected to reach about 98,000 in 2014, roughly twice as many as in 2013.
Introduction
3D printer is capable of doing complex and difficult tasks in one long step. A 3D model of the object to be made with a defined set of parameters and
scaling ratios is given as input in STL file (design model in CAD), which can then be converted into G–codes. This data is then used for controlling the
motors and extruding plastic based on the g–code generated.
This automated approach towards fabricating contrasts with the traditional way of manufacturing, where an object is formed by removing excess
material or folding and shaping materials

Rapid Prototyping As A Tool For Mobile App Development
RAPID PROTOTYPING AS A METHODOLOGY FOR MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT
1.0DEFINITION OF RAPID PROTOTYPING
Rapid prototyping as the name implies is a process of quickly transforming user 's understanding and definition a system to the built to mock up
design, either it be a website or an application(web, windows or mobile) and having these designs validated by reviewing it with a larger team of
users, stakeholders, designers and developers.
2.0 Processes of rapid prototyping
Rapid prototyping is a multiple iterations of 3 processes involved in rapid prototyping with an iteration of the process yield a clearer picture as the
initial key areas at the beginning are built out until the final prototype is built and handed over for production. These ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
3. It helps in testing the solution and the concept behind it
4. It enables the development team to discover potential errors and weak spots before a proper implementation which might be too expensive to correct
5. It makes it easier for early client interactions and often and quick feedback
3.2 Disadvantages of rapid prototyping If not controlled, it can see introduction of additional requirement/features which was not part of the original
model.
4.0 Best and worst Practices of prototyping
4.1 Best Practice
1) Work collaboratively with users, business and IT stakeholders while rapid prototyping.
2) Understand that rapid prototyping is a means to an end and not the end product itself. This would help in avoiding prototype creep because
expectations are set.
3). Make provision for component (templates, patterns, widgets) reuse.
4) When creating interactive high–fidelity prototypes and simulations, build in realistic delays so that users do not expect instant response times from
the final product.
5) Remind users during every prototype review session that the product is a mock up and not the actual solution. It encourages feedback and avoiding
users from mistaking it for a working solution.
4.2 Worst Practice
1) Don't prototype features or functionality that cannot be implemented
2) Don't take every change or request that comes out of a prototype review as a new

A Quick And Effective Solution For Prototyping Sdr Based...
A Quick and Effective Solution for Prototyping SDR–based Wireless Systems – Part 1
Authors: Andrei Cozma (ADI), Di Pu (ADI), Tom Hill (Xilinx)
Abstract
There is a significant gap between the concept of a wireless system and the realization of that working design. Bridging this gap typically involves
teams of engineers with a variety of different skill sets (RF, SW, DSP, HDL, embedded Linux, etc.), and in many cases projects get de
–railed early in
the development stage because of difficulty in coordinating the efforts of these varied design entities.
In this four–part paper we will examine the advances in platforms and tools which allow developers to quickly simulate and prototype wireless systems
while establishing and maintaining a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third part will describe and showcase how to use Hardware in the Loop (HIL), capturing signals with the target transceiver, but still doing the
signal processing on the host in Simulink for verification. The fourth part will show how to take the algorithm developed in part 2, verified in part 3,
and use MathWorks HDL Coder and Embedded Coder to generate code and deploy it in the production hardware, and finally we'll operate the platform
with real–world ADS–B signals at an airport.
Introduction
With the exponential growth in the ways and means by which people need to communicate, modifying radio devices easily and cost–effectively has
become business– critical. Based on this requirement, Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology has been widely employed recently, since it brings
the flexibility, cost efficiency and power to drive communications forward [1]. The purpose of a SDR system is to implement as much as possible of
the modulation /demodulation and data processing algorithms in software and reprogrammable logic so that the communication system can be easily
reconfigured just by updating the software and the reprogrammable logic and not making any changes to the hardware platform.
With the advent of the System on Chip (SoC) devices like the XilinxВ® ZynqВ® All Programmable SoC that combine the versatility of a CPU and
the processing power of an FPGA,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Development
Chapter 6 Advantages, Limitations & Future Scope
Introduction:
The various pros and cons of the processes have been studied during the experimentation work carried out in the dissertation. The advantages and
limitations of the process are as stated below:
Advantages:
1.Most suitable for the middle volume production
2.Lead time is reduced to considerable extent which in turn increase product life time in market
3.The casted part has good surface finish.
4.The part have better dimensional accuracy
5.The non–productive time between two products is less as the die is used for pattern making unlike the other RP processes.
Advantages of FDM:
1.FDM models are very strong and durable
2.Models are stable and never warp or shrink
3.Models ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's commercially available machines are accurate to ~0.08 mm in x–y plane, but less in the z (vertical) direction. Improvements in laser optics and
motor control should increase accuracy in all three directions. In addition, RP companies are developing new polymers that will be less prone to curing
and temperature–induced warpage. The introduction of non polymeric materials, inducing metals, ceramics and composites, represent another much
anticipated development. These materials would allow RP user to produce functional parts. Today's plastic prototypes work well for the visualization
and fit tests, but they are often too weak for function testing. More rugged materials would yield prototypes that could be subjected to actual service
conditions. In addition, metal and composite materials will greatly expand the range of products that con be made by rapid manufacturing.
Many RP companies and research labs are working to develop new materials. For examples, the University of Dayton is working with Helisys to
produce ceramic matrix composites by laminated object manufacturing. An Advanced Research Projects Agency / Office of Naval Research sponsored
project is investigating ways to make ceramics using fused deposition modeling. As mentioned earlier, Sandia / Stanford's LENS system can create
solid metal parts. These three groups are just a few of the many working on new RP

Thanks To Personal Computing Developing Into A Revolutionary
Thanks to personal computing developing into a revolutionary innovation in the early 1970s, 3D printing was made possible in the late 1980's. 3D
printing technology was at one point only available for the business elites because of its high cost and limited production by few companies. This
technology in the the late 1980s began as a new additive manufacturing, changing and speeding up what use to be subtractive manufacturing.
Subtractive manufacturing relied on tooling and assembly lines since it began, 3D printing however made it possible for companies to fabricate
prototypes on demand. However 3D printing is no longer limited to manufacturing, but has developed into various categories as printer cost continue to
go down, making it more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stephanie Crawford says SLA Printers work by a focused beam of UV rays on the surface of the object to be recreated. The CAD designed object
is filled with what 's called resin (photopolymer). When the light hits the resin, the liquid hardens to form a high resolution 3D model of the object
that you designed. Hull, a few years later co found 3D Systems Corporation, one of the first companies to sell a high end 3D printer and still is one of
the leading companies with this technology today. Charles Hull's first RP system, the SLA–1, was revealed in 1987 and quickly followed ongoing
testing until this system was sold in 1988. As always after new technology is discovered, there is always new competition, in 1987, Carl Deckard,
who at the time was working for University of Texas, filed a patent in the US for the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). SLS method is somewhat similar
to stereolithography (SLA) but instead of using liquid resin, you can use powdered material in the instead. SLS made it possible to use a variety of
materials ceramics, nylon, aluminum, glass and steel or silver. In 1989 another new Printing process was invented by Scott Crump, he too co found
a leading company today Stratasys Inc. Scotts process was called Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). This process is what is widely used by
beginners in 3D printing do to its easy refillable and cheap material. FDM works by melted thermoplastic materials joined together in

Printing Is A Process For Reproducing Text And Images
Abstract––Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a print press.3D printing is method of converting
a virtual 3D model into a physical object from a digital file. It is achieved using Additive Process, where an object is created by laying down successive
layers of material until the entire object is created.3D printing could revolutionize and reshape the world. Advances in 3D printing technology can
significantly change and improve the manufacturing world with effects on energy use, waste reduction ,customization, product availability, medicine,
art, construction and science. By using this technology it becomes easier to transmit designs for new objects around the world.
Keywords––Stereo lithography, Fused Deposition Modelling, Selective laser sintering, Laminated Object Manufacturing.
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
I.INTRODUCTION
Since the 1980 's, the large–scale inkjet printer was widely used in a variety of flat printing tasks with full colour, and established its unshakable status in
the printing industry. With the improvement of the printing technology and the development of the computer 3D simulation, more and more 3D
printing requirement become burst. However, the existing ink–jet printing equipment could only print on the plane material, the printing technology for
the three–dimensional model is currently only at the exploratory stage,

3d Printing Essay
3D Printing Shoes For A Perfect Custom Fit
3D printing has been in the news for the past few years and has been developing at a steady pace. At first 3D printing technology was used
exclusively for rapid prototyping, however, steadfast advances in storage, power, and bandwidth have catapulted the technology into a powerful tool
for the manufacture of finished products. These products range from everyday products such as shoes, clothing, jewelry, and accessories to parts for
jet engines and cars and even parts for the human body such as artificial jawbones.
Several shoe manufacturers including Feetz, United Nude, and Nike are now using 3D printing to create custom–made shoes for customers in–store and
on the spot. Having to break in new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people have one foot that is larger than the other or may be wider than the other and finding a pair of shoes that fit both feet is extremely rare.
And to make things even more difficult when buying shoes, the shoe sizing system is limited to the length of a person's feet without taking into
account how wide the feet are. With 3D printing all of these problems will be solved.
How Does it Work?
Rather than trying on numerous pairs of pre–manufactured shoes in standard sizes, a photograph is taken of your feet from various angles which is
downloaded into a computer to create an accurate 3D model of your feet. Information such as your weight, height, and daily activities are also
entered into the computer and combined with the details of your feet. A blueprint of the perfect shoes for your feet is then downloaded into the 3D
printer and a pair of shoes tailored exactly for your feet is printed. In some cases, this can be done in the store right in front of your eyes as is the case
at United Nude stores, or you can have them sent to you by companies such as Feetz.
3D printing shoes is not only used for fashion shoes but also has therapeutic applications. Makers of corrective orthotics are using 3D printing to create
custom–made orthotic shoes to alleviate foot pain and improve a patient's comfort.
3D printing is also being used extensively by

Digital Printing And Its Impact On The Future Growth Of 3d...
3D printing is expected to grow rapidly in the near future. This technology is beginning to be used in a broad range of applications including rapid
prototyping, molds and tooling, digital manufacturing and personal fabrication [1]. As the technology improves and become more affordable, it is
expected to penetrate different markets and become a dominant force to be reckoned with. In order to predict the future growth of 3D–printing, we
need to investigate into its past and determine what stage of growth 3D–printing is currently located. To begin, we examine the type of innovation
3D–printing is classified as. Figure 1 on the right, is broken down into two dimensions: technology and market. There are four types of innovations
shown, and the types of innovation is determined by the placement of a technology in respect to the two dimensions. Referring to figure 1, we can
determine that 3D printing is as a disruptive innovation, considering that 3D printing was a new technology that served an existing market that was
currently being dominated by topography and photosculpture technologies. At the very beginning, 3D–printing targeted low demanding customer by
offering a product that provided lesser quality in terms of the development of 3D–models, however the technology provided an easier to use technology
and one at a much cheaper price compared to the topography and photosculpture methods (sustaining innovations). Figure 2 demonstrates how a
disruptive innovation enters

The Medical And Dental Industry For 3d Printing
3D Printing is a unique kind of printing system, which takes a 3D image file and creates a physical 3D image. As I mentioned before 3D files are
generated from what is called a .stl file, which is a compressed triangular meshed surface. "These .stl files were originally intended for a rapid
prototyping process called Stereolithography, and in the beginning were generated by CAD programs; however, because MRI and CT's are surface
scans, they too can generate a .stl file. These .stl files have become a world standard for exchanging 3D mesh type objects between programs"
(McNeel, Sep. 2015, par. 3). Since MRI's and CT's can be scanned and converted into stl files it has paved the way into many different aspects of the
medical and dental industry for 3D printing. When I say the medical and dental industry I am talking about many different avenues within those
industries.
Let us first take a look at the dental industry and the latest developments and how they will impact our lives. Have you ever considered braces for
fixing yours or your loved ones teeth? Remember what looked like metal tracks in someone's mouth to correct their teeth? Well, now they are using a
plastic form called invisalign instead of metal. These are all created with 3D Printing and they work just as well, and don't tear up one's gums like the
railroad track braces. The German–based company EnvisionTEC has helped to innovate many premium 3D printing materials and now they are
entering their newest

Information And Technology ( Ict )
Abstract
Advances in ICT have increased possibilities of collaborations between the suppliers, manufactures, customers, and partners to effectively solve the
different business problems. Though original equipment manufacturing industries (OEMs) has used the PLM to increase their productivity, quality of
product, to speed up delivery, increased profit and became more efficiency, suppliers of this OEMs are still not using PLM. By implementing the
correct strategies at supplier of foundry industry an attempt was made to realize the benefits of PLM tools (digital manufacturing tool and commercial
PLM software). The case study indicated improved utilization of organizational resources and decreased in lead time of manufacturing of automobile ...
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In industry PLM combines data, people, process and business system, also serves as a product information backbone for industries and their extended
enterprise.
PLM has five different areas
1. Systems Engineering – Product life cycle management is subset of Systems engineering it concentrates on meeting customer needs and coordinating
system design process.
2. Product and portfolio management – It concentrates on managing available resources, for new product development it tracks the progress vs. plan.
Portfolio management helps in tracking progress on new products and making trade off decision for distributing scarce resources.
3. Product Design – New product is design according to need of customers, considering the engineering properties, constrains and by using various
software like ProE, CATIA, AUTO CAD.
4. Manufacturing Process Management – It concentrates on using manufacturing technology so as to produce the defined product.
5. Product Data Management – It maintains the information of product of each and every step from concept to disposal process.
Product Life Cycle Management has emerged, modern strategic way to increase productivity of company in a generation of lean thinking, a
philosophy, to terminate waste and inefficiency in all aspects of product life. Computer Aided Design (CAD), Engineering Data Management (EDM),
Product Data Management

3d System and 3d Printing
. 3D Systems Case Analysis 2012 3D Systems and CubeВ® As a radical innovation, 3D printing has been introduced to market over 30 years since
1980s. This technology revolution doesn't only change the process of molding; it also adapts its industry to go green by reducing wasting materials. In
the contrast, object is produced by traditional technology (subtractive process) generates surplus cut material. In the early period of development, it was
applied in hobbyist uses and industry uses such as design visualization, prototyping, architecture, education, and healthcare. In 2000s, along with mass
launches of portable 3D printers from several companies, 3D printer has stepped on consumer product market; also, printed objects have... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company will constantly improve the printer itself as seen in the company annual report under research and development expenses increased by
$5.7 million, or 58.1%, to $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2012 from $9.7 million in the first nine months of 2011 3D Systems Development
Culture CubeВ® and its complementary product The selling point of the CubeВ® 3D printer is not only the machine itself but the company also offer
a cloud service community–Cubify.com. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Cubify turns mobile device, PC or tablet into a
powerful mobile digital canvas to unleash creativity and bring ideas to life in 3D. On Cubify.com, user can find coloring book, cloud gaming and
share creativity in 3D experience. The site also offers intuitive 3D Apps, rich 3D printable content libraries of games, puzzles, and any other
collections for creation, purchase, share, or even sell for money. Additionally, the website also provides online printing service and has the printed
object ship it right to customer later by air mail. Therefore, this service has driven the company to hold competitive advantage over competitors.
People are increasing the awareness of cloud service where everything can be done over the air. The company can create the value of its product by
offering a place where community begins which increasing in customer lock–in strategy and generate more

Advantages Of Rapid Prototyping
Rapid prototyping could be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been
successful in designing applications by using rapid prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional design Rapid prototyping could
be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been successful in designing
applications by using rapid prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional designRapid prototyping could be an advantageous
methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been successful in designing applications by using rapid
prototyping. So it also could be an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Software engineers have been successful in designing applications by using rapid prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional
designRapid prototyping could be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been
successful in designing applications by using rapid prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional designRapid prototyping could
be an advantageous methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been successful in designing
applications by using rapid prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional designRapid prototyping could be an advantageous
methodology for developing innovative computer–based instruction. Software engineers have been successful in designing applications by using rapid
prototyping. So it also could be an efficient way to do instructional designRapid prototyping could be an advantageous methodology for developing
innovative computer–based

3d Printing In Archaeology
Will 3D printing revolutionize our understanding of archaeology? 3D printing is a captivating advancement of technology that has profuse uses.
Different from all the previous manufacturing methods, 3D printing generates a product in an additive mode to form an intricate three dimensional
object, and therefore has the ability to produce the most complicated irregular object. This unique characteristic deems it highly impactful for
archaeology, where the structures of historical human forms and the tools they used are often very complicated and unique, and there are currently no
simple means to reproduce and study them. Clearly, 3D printing and scanning has many useful benefits to archaeology, and there is definitely room for
improvement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, plastic is the main material in most printers, and this material biodegrades EXTREMELY slowly: 450 to 1,000 years! This would
create a serious environmental problem if objects were discarded and thrown into landfills, especially because technology is bound to become
cheaper, and this will lead to more people owning personal 3D printers. Another worrying aspect is the fact that guns and other weapons can be 3D
printed with ease, though it would take quite a long time. Already some people own their own 3D printer, and the numbers are sure to rise in the
following decades. It will be quite difficult to keep tabs on the printers, causing a dangerous issue. Of course, if the trouble increases, it is always
possible for the government to set a law stating that only individuals with a license can own 3D printers. The difficulties don't end there, though.
Consider this dilemma. If every single human in the world owned a personal 3D printer and scanner, what would happen to businesses? If there was
a product someone took interest in, they could simply print it at home without spending any money! In archaeology, complications arise as well. In
order to print larger artifacts, you need a substantially larger 3D printer. If you were to replicate a house, a relatively sizable printer would be
required, along with a large stock of plastic and a printer larger than a house. This also means that the cost of

3-D Printing Essay
Introduction
3–D printing is a relatively new technology compared to other manufacturing methods. It first showed is face in the 1980's and then faded out of
limelight due to the high cost of procurement and operation. In the early 2000's, breakthroughs occurred when working printed kidneys appeared and
SLS (selective laser sintering) machines became available. During late 2009, the early advocates finally produced machines cheap enough – but still
capable of great precision and accuracy – that were available to the consumer. These machines can produce items of virtually anything with
applications varying from fashion and food to advanced engineered systems. The versatility of this type of machine promotes its popularity and
encourages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(troweprice.com)
Applications
Around 2010, 3–D printers became available to consumers in desktop form and their popularity exploded. The most iconic example of these machines'
emerging popularity is the 3–D printable plastic gun, which was fully functional. This simple but cutting edge piece of consumer technology became a
diadem in the eyes of hobbyists and small scale manufacturers alike while arousing concerns amongst governmental and anti–weapons activists as to
the legality and safety issues 3–D printers posed. (Simon Bradshaw)By now, anyone with only some designing inclinations could use freely available
Google SketchUp to create basic 3–D objects. Because of the applications of this wonderful technology, the industry grew in leaps and bounds. With
companies such as Boeing, Virgin Atlantic, Bentley, Delphi and MTT investing into research and development, the estimated worth of the industry is
currently estimated at 2.2 billion dollars. (Jon Excell) Boeing's interest in 3–D printing comes from their desire for complex, hard to manufacture parts
for jet engines. In fact, Boeing uses 22 thousand different 3–D printed parts across the broad range of their military aircraft. (Christopher Winnan)
Healthcare is right behind in the race to implement additive manufacturing into medical practices. A recent ASME presentation on additive
manufacturing exhibited images of stents

Designing A Product Or Service The Goal
When creating a product or service the goal is to do something new, do something better, or do the same thing cheaper. Not only does3D printing
creates things in a new way but it also does it faster and for less money. According to 3dpringting.com 3D printing "is a process of making three
dimensional solid objects from a digital file"(What is 3D printing?).
Whipsaw is a successful Industrial Design and Engineering consulting firm from Silicon Valley California (About Us– Whipsaw). Whipsaw designs
and creates many assortments of products for many well known companies including Dell, GE, Google, Intel, Motorola, Nike, Samsung, and many
more (Whipsaw Triumphs in 2015 German Industrial Design Competitions). Whipsaw has many awards and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Price is a key component to making this technology accessible to companies and people everywhere. If the technology is too costly then industries
cannot be expected to use the product and make profit. It wasn't until 2009 that 3D printers became available to the public (3D Printing History). As the
technology progressed the prices continued to lower and made the 3D printer more available to the average consumer. According to Hongkait you can
purchase small affordable 3D printers starting at 100 dollars and under 1,000 dollars (Voo).
Present applications and development
3D printers have the ability to do more than just make prototypes for a design company. There are medical, automotive, food, electronic, and many
more uses. The 3D printer can create weapons, prosthetics and implants, pieces of vehicles, toys and plenty of other amazing things (What is 3D
printing?). One of the most amazing things about this technology is its ability to create something, as you need it. It can cut down on time and get rid
of any shipping previously needed.
The automotive Industry was one of the first industries to adopt the 3D printer. A good example of this is the well–known company automotive
company Audi. Audi has yet to use the 3D printer in their production lines but they are getting close to that reality. Recently Audi created an entire car
using just a 3D printer and it ran smoothly (Koslow 2015, November 13). What automotive companies

Evaluation Of A Research On Software And Tool Path Generation
2. Review of Literature Basically research in FDM can split into three categories 1. Novel applications 2. Materials 3. System improvements This
systems improvements mostly based on software and tool path generation, layer by layer algorithms and part orientation. The basic FDM process
changed since 1980's and it has three Cartesian linear actuators, extruder and temperature controls. To print different materials multiple heads can be
used. Research published on FDM extruder so far is very little. Adaptive filament deposition (AFD) and planar layer deposition (PLD) are the two
patented techniques Tseng has for the freeform fabrication of metals and ceramics AFD uses a conical spindle which is kept inside a deposition head it is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the current limitations imposed on constant diameter and shape nozzle, so authors focused more research on variable shape and diameter
nozzles. 3. Errors due to Circular Nozzle In a horizantal plane, the axisymetric properties of circular noxzle makes FDM more convenient to use. But
the angles drwan from the nozzle are eual to the radii or more . Figure 2. cross sectional Geometrical error by circular nozzle. The error is obtained by
the following Equation: Error = r/sin (Оё/2) – r Where r = radius of the nozzle and Оё = angle of cross sectional geometry. The Following figure is
drawn between the intended angle made by nozzle in digress to the error in geometry. From the graph it gives clear idea that when the geometrical
angles are larger in any geometry the errors are less. This illustrates as we go to the larger angles the error is going to be reduced.the three lines in
the graph describe mutiple units of radius (say 1,2,3...). Figure 3. Graph showing minimum geometrical error of an angle printed with a circular
nozzle. 3.1 Limitations of Circular Nozzle It is difficult to draw sharp external corners since we are using circular nozzle there would be radius
equivalent to that of the nozzle at any corner or edge. Round corner and edges 4. Project Proposal The proposal we made to overcome circular nozzle
problem is to introduce

Designing A 3d Printing Business
Company Selection
The business that I choose to discuss is a 3D printing business which offers services to the medical sector, looking at the background information I
would be discussing the History of 3D Printing, Medical Printing history ,
Introduction of 3D printing industry
3D printing, started in the late 80s by a company called Rapid Prototyping Technologies, although there was a delay in the patent application of the
original conceiver Dr. Kodama. However the roots of 3D printing can be traced back to 1986 when the first patent was issued to Charles Hull who
invented his machine in 1983, and he called it stereolithography and he later went on to co–found 3D system Corporation, which created the first 3D
printer. Many other companies have since then developed 3D printers for commercial applications.
3D printing or Additive Manufacturing is a process that takes digital input in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and creates solid,
three–dimensional parts through an additive, layer by layer process. It can also be defined as a manufacturing process by which objects are created
by fusing or depositing materials such as plastic, metal, living cells in layers to create a 3D item.
3D printers work like the inkjet printers but does not use ink, rather 3D printers deposit Materials in layers to create a physical object from a digital file.
3D printers are been used in the following industries, Automotive, Aviation, Manufacturing, Medical, and Jewelry. In

Analysis Of E3d Cafe ( Edified 3d Cafe )
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E3D CafГ© (Edified 3D CafГ©) unlike an archetypal cafe, will bestow a distinctive convention for communication and entertainment through the
medium of 3D printing and student collaboration. E3D CafГ© will be the answer to the increasing demand for innovations within the university and
across various faculties and departments.
The university/students want:
Access to a 3D printer.
Access to a 3D scanner.
An innovative hub.
Access at an affordable cost.
E3D CafГ©'s goal is to provide the university with an innovative and social hub.
This plan is formulated to secure finance in the amount of ВЈ30,000. This initial capital will allow E3D CafГ© secure a location at the university, and
get the required ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.3 MISSION
Based on the increasing desire for 3D printing, we are making this available for the university and the public at an affordable cost. E3D CafГ© will
provide a quick and easy access to 3D printing and quick prototyping for students doing projects from various departments.
E3D CafГ© will provide a means of educating the young students about 3D printers.

1.4 RISK
There are risks involved with starting E3D CafГ©, which have been identified and listed below:
вћ” Will there be a demand for the services provided?
вћ” Will the 3d printing world continue to grow?
вћ” Will student like to innovate together?
COMPANY SUMMARY
E3D CafГ©, to be located in the heart of the Reading University, will offer the university affordable access to 3d printing. E3D CafГ© will provide
full access to 3d printers which will produce prototypes, projects in various PLA material and ABS plastic. E3D CafГ© will also provide students with
an innovative environment for collaborating with others while enjoying coffee and other refreshments.
E3D CafГ© will attract individuals of various department and discipline within the university. The edifying 3d sessions, the helpful staff that E3D
CafГ© provides, will appeal to the audience that does not affiliate themselves with the 3d printable world/era. This educational area will interest
students in various departments to find a way of using 3d printers to work for them.
2.1 COMPANY OWNERSHIP
E3D CafГ© is privately held

Scan, Modify, 3D Print: Revolutionizing the AFO
Problem Statement
Last summer, I started an internship with Shriners Hospital for Children in their Motion Analysis Lab. During my internship there, I realized that
many children could not afford to wait the three months necessary for standard ankle braces. In addition, many poorer families struggle to afford such
expensive devices. My goal for this invention is to develop a feasible and medically accepted system in which a 3D scan of the patient's foot will be
manipulated on the computer to create a custom, 3D–printed brace. This innovative new process, combining the new technologies of 3D scanning and
3D printing, will result in an orthotic that can be produced quickly and inexpensively.
Research & Background
The Ankle
The ankle is an incredibly complex component of the skeletomuscular system. The ankle–foot complex must provide both stability and mobility. It is
responsible for providing a stable base of support for the body (stability), but must be flexible enough to absorb the body's weight during gait (mobility).
The talocrural joint, or ankle joint, is formed by the articulation of the talus with the tibia and fibula. The talus's shape allows 3 planes of motion:
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and pronation/supination. The purpose of an AFO (Ankle–Foot Orthotic) is to stabilize the talocrural
joint.
Orthoses
Orthoses (plural form of "orthotic") refer to a broad group of medical devices that support, immobilize, or treat muscles, joints or skeletal

Slate Roofing
Slate roofing has been a popular method to have roofing for many centuries. They are durable, aesthetic and long–lasting. However, it is true that
roofing services agree that they are heavier than other roofing materials; therefore, they are hard to install. Further, the materials need careful attention
as slate tiles in single units can break easily. Keeping aside these general disadvantages that can be associated to most roofing materials, slate roofing
offers the following benefits: п‚§Natural – Slate tiles are made from natural stone. The rock sediment is crafted through machinery into the form of
tiles, which enables slate to have a unique design. The texture of the slate tiles makes it so appealing. A professional Roofing Company Oshawa

Richard Seymour : An Experimental Operation For Patients...
On April 9th of 2013, a dying toddler was finally saved after two years of living under strict medical care. The toddler, Hannah Warren, was born
without a windpipe that was needed for proper respiratory purposes. The treatment consisted of a 3D printed replacement windpipe made of her own
stem cells, which was, as TIME's writer Alexandra Sifferlin stated, "approved by the FDA as an experimental operation for patients with very little
hope of survival." Although the treatment was experimental, this was an astounding advancement in medical technology because "being born without
a trachea is fatal in 99% of cases." (Sifferlin) 3D printing technology has been advancing at a rapid rate and has demonstrated a vast number of
beneficial applications including Warren's experimental treatment. Richard Seymour, a writer in the African Business Magazine explains how
"Applications for the new technology are myriad. Medicine, agriculture, military, automotive, technology, engineering, fashion, architecture and
aerospace are just some of the industries which can benefit from the new process." (44) In his article, Seymour lists various instances of 3D printing
being used such making prototyping Nike running shoes cheaper, jet engines more efficient, organ replacement more likely to occur, cheaper
medicine, and improved space travel. Because of all the beneficial tasks it can perform, it would appear that 3D printing could have a central role in
the future of technology, yet such a

Designing A 3d Design Of 3d Printing
3d printing is the process of three dimensional solid objects from a computer file. The following information is about 3D printing and the processes
that it takes to 3D print. There are many pro and cons to 3D printing that I will list below. In this paper I will also talk about what equipment it will
take to make a 3D print, But first we will talk about the steps to make a 3D design.
There are eight steps to print a 3D design. The first step is to start with making a virtual design of an object you want to create. The file that you
create the image from is called a (CAD) or Computer Aided Design file. This software may provide some hints to the structural integrity you can
expect in the finished product. It will also help you with specific data about certain materials to create virtual simulations of how the project will behave
under certain conditions.
The second step is called Conversion to STL. You will have to convert the CAD drawing, to the STL format. STL is an acronym for standard
tessellation language. Which is a file format developed for 3D Systems in 1987 for use by its stereolithography apparatus (SLA) machines. Most 3D
printers use STL files in addition to some proprietary file types such as, ZPR by Z corporation. Some of the types of printers include, Sterolithography
or (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Fused deposition modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective laser melting (SLM),
Electronic Beam Melting (EBM), and Lamainatied

How To Write A Sample Of A Thesis
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee: Prof. Christian Pongratz, Associate Dean Maria Perbellini and Prof.
Dustin White for their support during the development of this thesis. Without their collaboration and guidance this thesis would not have been
possible. I would also like to thank the Fabrication Shop team at the College of Architecture, especially Mike West for sharing their knowledge in
fabrication and always being willing to help. In addition, I would like to thank the other departments within Texas Tech which provided me with
knowledge with topics specific to their field. From civil engineering department, Dr. Sang–Wook Bae whose help was extremely important for this
thesis. From the electrical engineering department, special thanks to those students who volunteered their time for this project to come to a full
circle: Nicholas Wilson, Kirwa Boit, and principally Kenyan Burnham who was actively collaborating since the conception of this thesis. Also, I
would like to give thanks to all of those who have supported and challenged me throughout my academic career. Finally, I will always be thankful to
my family and friends for their unconditional support which has allowed me to accomplish everything in life, specially my mother. Thank you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTSII TABLE OF CONTENTSIII TABLE OF FIGURESIV ABSTRACTV CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION1 Briefly on Fabrication in Architecture1 Thesis Project Description4

Makerbot Extruder Case Study
Makerbot extruder
3D printing technologies are changing the way we produce objects. 3D printing is part of a process known as an additive manufacturing, where an
object is created by adding layer by layer. Additive manufacturing allows designers create complex parts for machines.
Extruder is a part of the printer which draws and melts the filament. If the pressure and speed are kept constant then the material flow is maintained
uniform. The material should be in a semi–solid state when it comes out from the nozzle and should be able to solidify and bond to the previously
extruded material to form the 3D object.
How does it work?
The first step in 3D printing is to create a blue print of the object. Makerbot replicator 2 have a spool in the

3D Printing Strategies Profiled Companies

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