The Gear. One of group student from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia represent our assignment project which is the the 3D Mask Connector. We discuss and conclude all the important content in this slide about the 3D Mask Connector. We hope that the slide that we share will be knowledgeable to all of you.

1. 3D MASK
CONNECTOR
by THE GEAR
Amirul Aiman bin Kamalrolhisam
Khatiravan a/l Selvam
Muhammad Azimuddin bin Ideris
Nurul Shayhiera bt Aminuddin

2. Description and Application

3. What is Mask Connector ?...
Advantages...
Application...
Mask connector is a assistive tool that attach
the straps of face mask and fit behind the
head..
● Prevent sores behind the ear
caused by strap face mask.
● Tight up the face mask at the
back head for more comfortable
● Easy to adjust the face mask
Mask connector made from Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Attach to the
strap face mask
Result: Fit to the head

4. Material

5. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is thermoplastic that can be produce from plant field like
sugar cane and after that can be process at lab by technologies. Generally, it used
in biomedical application, food packaging. Its also used as material in 3D printing.
PLA is famous material as additive manufacturing (filament) in 3D printing.
Polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA)

6. PLA is a polymer made from a renewable resources. This
material is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester and its a
foremost additive manufacturing in 3D printing.
BENEFITS &
DRAWBACKS
● Environmental-friendly
● When oxygenated, it's not
release a toxic fume
● Economic material
● Brittle
● Low glass transition
temperture

7. PLA PLASTIC
AND 3D
PRINTING
PLA Filaments
PLA is used in 3D printing application using the fused
deposition modelling(FDM) technology compared to
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS). PLA is the
standard one material for FDM technology. This
material is easy to use while printing the product.
Moreover, PLA is most popular material in 3D printing
because it biodegradable and eco-friendly. Compared to
others material, PLA has wide option of colours and
blend. However, the cost bit much expensive compared
with ABS.

8. Physical Properties

9. Thermal properties
❏ Polylactides(PLA) occured in 3 diastereoisomeric forms that
are L-lactide,D-lactide and meso(D,L)-lactide.
❏ Most PLA are crystalline polymers that have melting points
more or less 180◦C.
❏ The properties of PLA is usually revolves around isomers
arrangement and its molecular weight.
❏ The crystallization of PLA rely on amount of additives, stereo
sequence distribution and optical purity.
❏ Based on researches,we can safe to say that physical
properties of PLA is hugely impact by the percentage of
crystallinity.
❏ Both D and L lactides exhibit almost the same thermal
properties and meso-lactide shows a amorphous behaviour at
a similar molecular weight.
Figure 1 :Three forms of diastereoisomeric of Lactides
Table 1 : Effect of isomer on thermal properties of PLA

10. Rheological Properties
❏ Important tools in determining the performance of certain PLA
during its processing operation for evaluations in which study
where encompasses the flow phenomena in a material in
various types of matter.
❏ Therefore, it will provide more crucial information regarding
melt rheology of PLA to make sure smooth processing occur.
❏ The factor affected are molecular weight distribution, degree
and types of branching, optical composition, optical block
length distribution and melt stability.
❏ PLA conduct themself as a classic flexible-chain polymer across
all optical compositions above its melting point(180◦C).
❏ In general, we can say that material that has crystalline
structure got stronger physical and mechanical properties
compared to a amorphous state.
❏ It is because molecules in a amorphous state have a random
arrangement that causes low resistance toward flow.
Figure 2 : Rheological properties of PLA compared to other
material

11. Infrared Spectroscopy
❏ It is a study where measurement of the interaction of infrared
with a material either by absorption, emission or reflection and
identify the materials in solid, liquid or gas forms.
❏ This has been used regularly in industry due to its low economical
costs.Therefore, it is available anytime allowing on-line
measurements during its processing operations.
❏ The technology called Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
or FTIR.
❏ This calibration curve(Figure 2) is used in study for analyzing
lactide conversion during reactive extrusion as a function of time.
Figure 3 : Example of FTIR of Polylactides(PLA) and other
material

12. Material Properties

13. Material Properties
A type of
thermoplastics so we
can expect same
properties like other
thermoplastics.
Density
Malleability
Resilience
❏ A ability of material to
undergo deformation
under certain load and
come together a new
physique.
❏ A material with high
malleability can be shaped
to almost anything.
❏ A ability of material to
absorb energy applied
when apply stress and
release energy back
after stress is
removed.
❏ Resilience of a
material can be
calculated based on
stress-strain curve by
integrating from zero
to elastic limit.
❏ Therefore,the higher
the value,the higher
resilience of
material(PLA).
❏ A measurement of mass per
volume.
❏ The smaller the value of
density, the material will be
more lighter.
❏ But in our case,we don’t want
the lightest material in order
to avoid poor heat resistance.
❏ That’s why PLA is the best
material for its low density(
1.24 g/cm3 )

14. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AND PROPERTIES

15. WHAT IS PLA?
Polylactic acid or
PLA is a
thermoplastic
polyester with
backbone formula
or [–CHCO–] ₙ,
obtained by
condensation of
lactic acid CHCOOH
with loss of water.
FORMULA AND
BONDING
PLA is bonded by covalent
bond.

16. TOXICITYREACTIVITY
Reactivity of poly(lactic
acid) were measured
during in situ UV
irradiation in air. At low
frequency (1 rad s
−1), the
highest reactivity was
observed at the glass
transition temperature.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is
biodegradable. In fact, it is
often used in food
handling and medical
implants that biodegrade
within the body over time.
But PLA can be toxic if it is
in the form of vapor or
liquid like most of the
plastic.

17. FLAMMABILITY
PLA is less flammable
compared to other
thermoplastic. It also
produce less visible smoke
while burning.
CHEMICAL
STABILITY
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the
most traded biodegradable
and bio based material. It is
largely used as eco-friendly
substitute of conventional
plastics. Nevertheless, one of
the main limiting factors is its
water sensitivity. PLA reacts
with water and is hydrolyzed
during time, which
determines its performance.

18. Fused Decomposition
Modeling

19. The thermoplastic
filament were heated to
its melting point
Then extruded thru the
nozzle into the cross
section of the mask
connector on platform
The design were created
using CAD and
converted into STL file
As the plastic cools and
hardens, the platform
will lowered
Next layer extruded on
top of previous layer and
binding as the process
repeated

20. Manufacturing Company

21. CLARIFICATION
There is no local
company that
produce 3D mask
connector
Raise3D Technologies are know as
designer and manufacture of large format
FFF(also known as FDM) 3D Printers.

22. Global Network Over 173
Countries and Regions
Headquatered in
Irvine, California.

23. Various Industries
Involvement
Education to enhance 3D
technology
Additive manufacturing
Healthcare to change life
Entertainment that
bring realistic features

24. ideaMaker-Slicing the
object
Software
RaiseCloud-Control and view the production

25. Raise3D Printer
Pro2 plus
E2- used to produce mask connector
Finished mask
connector

26. Appreciation
Lecturer:
Prof Andanastuti
Dr Nabilah
Afiqah
Dr Nashrah Hani
Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing
Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

27. Reference
● Industrial 3D rinting for flexible manufacturing. [https://www.raise3d.com/]
● FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their
Mechanical Properties. Valentina Mazzanti; Lorenzo Malagguti; Francesco
Mollica. 2019. [https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/7/1094/htm]
● 3D Printed Mask-Wearing Connector for Doctor Use in Hospitals.
RAISED3D. 2020. [https://www.raise3d.com/case/3d-printed-mask-
wearing-connector/]
● Elizabeth Palermo. Fused Deposition Modeling: Most common 3D printing
method. 2013. [https://www.livescience.com/39810-fused-deposition-
modeling.html#:~:text=There%20are%20several%20different%20methods,cr
eate%20a%20three%20dimensional%20object]

28. ● 10 Easy Ways To Relieve Ear Pain From Face Masks
[https://nurse.org/articles/face-mask-ear-pain-relief/]
● PLA (Polylactic Acid) Biodegradable Filament
[https://www.sculpteo.com/en/glossary/pla-definition/]
● PLA 3D Printing: All You Need to Know [https://amfg.ai/2018/07/02/pla-3d-
printing-all-you-need-to-know/]
● Polylactic Acid or Polylactide (PLA) [https://bioplasticsnews.com/polylactic-
acid-or-polylactide-
pla/#:~:text=Polylactic%20Acid%20(PLA)%20is%20a,should%20be%20strengt
hen%20with%20additives.]
● PLA Plastic/Material: All You Need to Know in 2020 [https://all3dp.com/1/pla-
plastic-material-polylactic-acid/]

29. ● Jasim Ahmed & Sunil K. Varshney, Polylactides Chemistry Properties and Green
Packaging Technology Review, 2011
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942910903125284]
● Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus, National Defence University of Malaysia, 2013
[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fourier-transform-infrared-FTIR-
spectra-of-PLA-PEG-PLA-PEG-blend-and-PLA-PEG-xGnP_fig1_277675367]
● Density[https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/density.htm#:~:text=Density%20is
%20a%20measure%20of%20mass%20per%20volume.,substance%20(such%20as%2
0water).]
● Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials
[https://www.electrical4u.com/mechanical-properties-of-engineering-
materials/]

30. ● Photochemical reactivity of PLA
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014305716301975#:~:text=
summarized%20as%20follows.-
,At%20low%20frequency%20(1%20rad%20s%E2%88%921)%2C%20the,the%20freque
ncy%20during%20oscillatory%20rheology
● One-pot preparation of polylactic acid-ibuprofen conjugates and their
performance characterization†
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/py/c7py01213f#!divAbstract
● Chemical stability of PLA
http://polymerdatabase.com/Films/PLA%20Films.html#:~:text=PLA%20films%20al
so%20have%20good,temperature%20and%20are%20more%20brittle.tability of PLA