This document discusses optimizing the quality characteristics of 3D printers using Six Sigma methodology. Key parameters that influence 3D print quality like infill percentage, extruder speed, temperature settings, and number of layers were identified. Taguchi design of experiments was used to determine the optimal settings for infill percentage, number of shells, layer height, and extruder temperature that maximize tensile strength. Confirmation runs showed improvements in process capability. SPC charts will be used for quality control of the optimized 3D printing process.
Design of an automotive differential with reduction ratio greater than 6eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document contains solutions to problems from Chapter 9 of a mechanical engineering design textbook. It analyzes welded joint designs and calculates shear stresses and forces. Key steps include selecting electrode materials based on member strengths, calculating primary and secondary shear stresses, and determining optimal weld leg sizes to satisfy a given allowable shear stress. Design specifications are provided for multiple welded joints.
Episode 39 : Hopper Design
Problem:
1 -experiments with shear box jenike on a particulate catalyst to give the family
yield locus as in 1. given that the bulk density is 1000 kg/m3 particulates and wall friction angle is 15
a-from design chart silo cone, do design a mass flow hopper for the material.
b-if the average size is 100 um, calculate the discharge flow rate passing through the discharge opening
2 - For the above materials using stainless steel is required to store 1000 tons of particulate in it. Coefficient of friction at the wall is given as 0.45 for each value and the formula that you use the appropriate justify the design.
a - draw the dimensions of the silo you and draw a vertical stress profile and the wall of the silo whole time say powerful particle
b- specify the maximum vertical stress and the wall of the silo you
c - if you use several different approaches in the design you provide appropriate recommendations to your employer for work before the end of the casting device fabrication started.
d - if problems such as the formation of the entrance are available after a certain time interval suggest measures - flow improvement measures to be taken to your employer
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Design of Bioclimatic Structure with Insulation of Cavity WallIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a bioclimatic structure with insulation in the cavity walls. Key points:
- The structure is circular in plan with a circular slab and ring beam foundations. Cavity wall insulation is provided to reduce heat transfer and energy usage for cooling and heating.
- The circular slab is 300mm thick with reinforcement calculated to resist bending moments. A 300mm deep ring beam supports the slab with reinforcement designed for bending and torsion.
- Short columns support the ring beam and are 300mm diameter concrete with helical reinforcement. Footings are also designed but size not specified. Cavity wall insulation is intended to improve thermal performance and reduce energy loads.
The document contains 14 example problems solving for various values in gear design equations. Problem 14-1 solves for pressure angle, velocity, load, and bending stress. Problem 14-2 similarly solves for a different gear set. Problem 14-3 converts units and solves for velocity, load, and bending stress in MPa.
This lab report examines rock cores to determine their Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Solid Core Recovery (SCR), and Total Core Recovery (TCR). The RQD, SCR, and TCR are calculated for two rock core boxes based on measurements of core piece length, discontinuity type, and core box recovery length. For both core boxes, the RQD is found to be in the "good" range, indicating good rock mass quality. The SCR and TCR are also high, showing good core recovery. The report analyzes the cores to evaluate the rock properties and conditions.
Design and Performance Analysis of Mechanical Hydro Pneumatic Suspension SystemIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a mechanical hydro pneumatic suspension system. It aims to improve ride comfort in light commercial vehicles. The proposed system uses a helical coil spring with varying pitch, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders filled with oil and nitrogen gas respectively. SolidWorks simulations show von Mises stresses below yield strength and displacements under 0.01 mm, indicating the design can withstand loads of 3000N with a safety factor of 2. Calculations confirm the damping ratio meets standards for an under-damped suspension providing a smooth ride. In summary, the suspension system design utilizes mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic components to enhance ride quality in small commercial vehicles.
Design and Manufacturing of Press Tools for Compressor ShellINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The role of Sheet Metal has become very prominent with the use of Press Tools. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate.The project deals with Compressor Shell Lower Housing. The Compressor Shell holds all the parts of the compressor in pre-defined location for the compressor to fool proof. The component should be freed from burrs and also to dimensional accurate. The outcome component is been inspected in the Quality department so as to check the Dimensional accuracy is been achieved.
Design of an automotive differential with reduction ratio greater than 6eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document contains solutions to problems from Chapter 9 of a mechanical engineering design textbook. It analyzes welded joint designs and calculates shear stresses and forces. Key steps include selecting electrode materials based on member strengths, calculating primary and secondary shear stresses, and determining optimal weld leg sizes to satisfy a given allowable shear stress. Design specifications are provided for multiple welded joints.
Episode 39 : Hopper Design
Problem:
1 -experiments with shear box jenike on a particulate catalyst to give the family
yield locus as in 1. given that the bulk density is 1000 kg/m3 particulates and wall friction angle is 15
a-from design chart silo cone, do design a mass flow hopper for the material.
b-if the average size is 100 um, calculate the discharge flow rate passing through the discharge opening
2 - For the above materials using stainless steel is required to store 1000 tons of particulate in it. Coefficient of friction at the wall is given as 0.45 for each value and the formula that you use the appropriate justify the design.
a - draw the dimensions of the silo you and draw a vertical stress profile and the wall of the silo whole time say powerful particle
b- specify the maximum vertical stress and the wall of the silo you
c - if you use several different approaches in the design you provide appropriate recommendations to your employer for work before the end of the casting device fabrication started.
d - if problems such as the formation of the entrance are available after a certain time interval suggest measures - flow improvement measures to be taken to your employer
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Design of Bioclimatic Structure with Insulation of Cavity WallIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a bioclimatic structure with insulation in the cavity walls. Key points:
- The structure is circular in plan with a circular slab and ring beam foundations. Cavity wall insulation is provided to reduce heat transfer and energy usage for cooling and heating.
- The circular slab is 300mm thick with reinforcement calculated to resist bending moments. A 300mm deep ring beam supports the slab with reinforcement designed for bending and torsion.
- Short columns support the ring beam and are 300mm diameter concrete with helical reinforcement. Footings are also designed but size not specified. Cavity wall insulation is intended to improve thermal performance and reduce energy loads.
The document contains 14 example problems solving for various values in gear design equations. Problem 14-1 solves for pressure angle, velocity, load, and bending stress. Problem 14-2 similarly solves for a different gear set. Problem 14-3 converts units and solves for velocity, load, and bending stress in MPa.
This lab report examines rock cores to determine their Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Solid Core Recovery (SCR), and Total Core Recovery (TCR). The RQD, SCR, and TCR are calculated for two rock core boxes based on measurements of core piece length, discontinuity type, and core box recovery length. For both core boxes, the RQD is found to be in the "good" range, indicating good rock mass quality. The SCR and TCR are also high, showing good core recovery. The report analyzes the cores to evaluate the rock properties and conditions.
Design and Performance Analysis of Mechanical Hydro Pneumatic Suspension SystemIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a mechanical hydro pneumatic suspension system. It aims to improve ride comfort in light commercial vehicles. The proposed system uses a helical coil spring with varying pitch, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders filled with oil and nitrogen gas respectively. SolidWorks simulations show von Mises stresses below yield strength and displacements under 0.01 mm, indicating the design can withstand loads of 3000N with a safety factor of 2. Calculations confirm the damping ratio meets standards for an under-damped suspension providing a smooth ride. In summary, the suspension system design utilizes mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic components to enhance ride quality in small commercial vehicles.
Design and Manufacturing of Press Tools for Compressor ShellINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The role of Sheet Metal has become very prominent with the use of Press Tools. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate.The project deals with Compressor Shell Lower Housing. The Compressor Shell holds all the parts of the compressor in pre-defined location for the compressor to fool proof. The component should be freed from burrs and also to dimensional accurate. The outcome component is been inspected in the Quality department so as to check the Dimensional accuracy is been achieved.
2015, wbc, archila, h., measurement of the in plane shear moduli of bamboo-gu...Hector Archila
Iosipescu shear test method was applied to engineered bamboo strips that were previously thermo-hydro-mechanically modified.
The bamboo species used for this novel testing procedure was Guadua angustifolia Kunth.
The research was undertaken at the University of Bath with financial support from Amphibia Group.
This document contains worked examples and solutions related to threaded fasteners and screw theory. It includes calculations of thread dimensions, torque required to raise or lower loads, efficiency of screws, stresses in bolted joints, and spring rates and deflections of bolted connections. Key equations from the chapter are applied to example problems involving vise screws, bolted connections in presses, and determining preload in bolts. The document also discusses relationships between the turn-of-nut method and torque wrench method for preloading bolts.
The document describes the design and testing of a reciprocating cassava sieving machine. The machine uses a slider crank mechanism powered by an electric motor to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion of the sieving tray. Testing showed the machine has an output capacity of 100.59kg/hr and efficiency of 75.7%, making it adequate for mass production. Detailed design calculations are provided for components like maximum sieving tray displacement and velocity, as well as load analysis of the sieving mechanism and shaft diameter selection. The machine aims to reduce the labor and stress of manual sieving compared to a ratio of 1:7 between manual and mechanized methods.
This document contains the table of contents for a statistics textbook. It covers 18 chapters on topics including probability, random variables, sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, linear regression, experimental design, and nonparametric statistics. The chapters progress from introductory concepts to more advanced statistical methods.
The document is a physics exam consisting of multiple choice and free response questions. It covers topics such as oscillations, density, springs, forces, energy, gases, and thermocouples. Some key details:
- Question 1 asks about the amplitude of oscillations and how it could be measured.
- Question 2 involves calculating the density of a statue to determine its material.
- Question 3 requires plotting spring data, determining if Hooke's law is followed, and considering how the graph would change with additional weights.
Solutions completo elementos de maquinas de shigley 8th editionfercrotti
This document contains the solutions to problems 1-1 through 2-10 from Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of a mechanical engineering design textbook. The problems involve calculating values such as stresses, strains, moduli, and strengths using data provided in tables in the appendices. Key values calculated include yield strengths, tensile strengths, elastic moduli, Poisson's ratios, and specific strengths and moduli for various materials. Plots of stress-strain curves are also constructed from tabulated data.
This document provides calculations for determining the specifications of compression springs. It analyzes music wire, phosphor bronze, and stainless steel springs given various dimensional parameters. Equations are used to calculate properties like spring rate, shear stress, yield point, and critical buckling length. The summaries indicate some designs are not solid-safe due to exceeding the shear yield strength, and suggest adjusting the free length to achieve a solid-safe design.
This document describes a finite element analysis project that models a trapezoidal concrete slab. The model includes the slab geometry, mesh, material properties, loads applied, and results of the static structural analysis. The analysis found a maximum total deformation of 3.0713e-002 mm, maximum equivalent elastic strain of 5.2723e-005 mm/mm, and maximum equivalent stress of 1.5798 MPa in the slab under a 5000 N fixed support force.
This document describes a finite element analysis project that models a trapezoidal concrete slab. The model includes the slab geometry, mesh, material properties, loads applied, and results of the static structural analysis. The analysis found a maximum total deformation of 3.0713e-002 mm, maximum equivalent elastic strain of 5.2723e-005 mm/mm, and maximum equivalent stress of 1.5798 MPa in the slab under a 5000 N fixed support force.
TeeBotMax is an open source 3D printer designed and developed by Emmanuel Adetutu. It is foldable, uses readily available materials like aluminum profiles and rods, and is affordable costing between 300-1000 Euros depending on materials and skills. It also provides high print quality with layer heights from 0.2-0.5 mm and fast print times using a direct drive. The mechanical frame can be assembled in 2-3 hours and electronics/wiring take 4-8 hours more with step-by-step assembly guides provided.
La rivoluzione del fare impresa: creatività e digital fabrication per il calz...FaberLab
La digital fabrication – fabbricazione digitale, stampa 3D – può essere applicata in ambito calzaturiero? Su questo tema Faberlab, Confartigianato Imprese Varese e Confartigianato Lomellina hanno promosso il 28 settembre 2015 un workshop sulle tecniche del digital manufacturing all’interno dei processi produttivi del settore scarpe.
“La rivoluzione del fare impresa: creatività e digital fabrication per il settore calzaturiero“ è stata l’occasione per presentare da una parte i lavori del progetto Londra e contemporaneamente per focalizzare l’attenzione sulle possibili applicazioni della digital fabbrication in ambito calzaturiero.
La presentazione di Zoe Romano, di We Make Milano
Boutique 3d
Boutique3d é um projeto one-stop baseada DC e estúdio de renderização de arquitetura 3d, ilustração 3d e design 3d. Nosso objetivo é oferecer soluções rápidas, acessíveis, inovadoras e eficientes às necessidades dos nossos clientes.
Somos especializados em ilustração 3d, Rendering Architectural 3D, renderings 3D interior e 3d Passo a passo Animações e Design 3d. Nosso objetivo é proporcionar a cada cliente a nossa dedicação profissional extremo para cada projeto e os requisitos de apresentação.
Nossa estratégia é adaptar-se ajustar o nosso projeto e soluções criativas para as diferentes necessidades de nossos clientes.
Nosso compromisso é ser constantemente atualizado com as tendências e tecnologias em desenvolvimento na área do design e 3d, que continuarão a melhorar os serviços que prestamos aos nossos clientes.
Design e Stampa 3d - Tecnificio al Faberlab FaberLab
La produzione digitale e il design sono sempre più presenti nelle aziende: possono costituire, insieme alla conoscenza empirica delle forme e dei materiali, un vantaggio competitivo ? La stampa 3d è utile per il design? Come portare i vantaggi della stampa 3d nel mondo del design e delle piccole imprese ? Come avvicinare la progettazione e la creatività al mondo della produzione? Come portare questi saperi nel mondo delle piccole imprese ? Questi sono i temi al centro dell’incontro “La stampa 3d e il design” svoltosi mercoledì 9 dicembre a partire dalle ore 20,30 al Faberlab. Ospiti dell’incontro i fondatori di Tecnificio, che nel corso degli ultimi anni hanno sviluppato molti progetti incrociando le tecnologie digitali, il design e le imprese: Patrizia Bolzan e Marcello Pirovano.
Este documento resume los conceptos básicos de la impresión 3D, incluyendo qué es, cómo funciona, los tipos de impresoras 3D, sus aplicaciones, ventajas e inconvenientes. Describe que la impresión 3D es un proceso aditivo que crea objetos capa a capa y que existen varios tipos de impresoras 3D que utilizan diferentes métodos como la estereolitografía, sinterización selectiva por láser e inyección de material. También menciona aplicaciones como la comida, ropa, partes del cuerpo
The document provides instructions for using a Makerbot Replicator 2X 3D printer. It describes how to level the build plate, load and unload filament, use the Makerware software to prepare files for printing including orientation, scaling and dual extrusion. It also provides tips for prepping the build surface with ABS slurry, removing prints, installing new Kapton tape, and using an acetone vapor bath to smooth prints.
A short introduction to 3D Printing (rapid prototyping / additive manufacturing) techniques. Made as an introduction for the DhubFab and FabLabBarcelona students.
Sustainable Manufacturing: Optimization of single pass Turning machining oper...sajal dixit
Main aim is to optimize a manufacturing process by using different Meta-heuristic algorithm. i had selected turning process here. Firstly i found the most influential parameters in turning process by introducing "Local-centrality Method". Optimization of these most influential parameters will lead to the optimization of whole process using "Genetic algorithm and Taguchi Method". Genetic algorithm has been used to optimize production rate & production cost and Taguchi method has been used to optimize cutting quality, which has been described in presentation.
This document summarizes a transient thermal analysis project that was last saved on October 3, 2016. The project includes a 3D model with three parts, mesh, materials, loads, and a transient thermal analysis with internal heat generation. Temperature results over time are presented in tables and charts showing the minimum and maximum temperatures throughout the model.
2015, wbc, archila, h., measurement of the in plane shear moduli of bamboo-gu...Hector Archila
Iosipescu shear test method was applied to engineered bamboo strips that were previously thermo-hydro-mechanically modified.
The bamboo species used for this novel testing procedure was Guadua angustifolia Kunth.
The research was undertaken at the University of Bath with financial support from Amphibia Group.
This document contains worked examples and solutions related to threaded fasteners and screw theory. It includes calculations of thread dimensions, torque required to raise or lower loads, efficiency of screws, stresses in bolted joints, and spring rates and deflections of bolted connections. Key equations from the chapter are applied to example problems involving vise screws, bolted connections in presses, and determining preload in bolts. The document also discusses relationships between the turn-of-nut method and torque wrench method for preloading bolts.
The document describes the design and testing of a reciprocating cassava sieving machine. The machine uses a slider crank mechanism powered by an electric motor to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion of the sieving tray. Testing showed the machine has an output capacity of 100.59kg/hr and efficiency of 75.7%, making it adequate for mass production. Detailed design calculations are provided for components like maximum sieving tray displacement and velocity, as well as load analysis of the sieving mechanism and shaft diameter selection. The machine aims to reduce the labor and stress of manual sieving compared to a ratio of 1:7 between manual and mechanized methods.
This document contains the table of contents for a statistics textbook. It covers 18 chapters on topics including probability, random variables, sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, linear regression, experimental design, and nonparametric statistics. The chapters progress from introductory concepts to more advanced statistical methods.
The document is a physics exam consisting of multiple choice and free response questions. It covers topics such as oscillations, density, springs, forces, energy, gases, and thermocouples. Some key details:
- Question 1 asks about the amplitude of oscillations and how it could be measured.
- Question 2 involves calculating the density of a statue to determine its material.
- Question 3 requires plotting spring data, determining if Hooke's law is followed, and considering how the graph would change with additional weights.
Solutions completo elementos de maquinas de shigley 8th editionfercrotti
This document contains the solutions to problems 1-1 through 2-10 from Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of a mechanical engineering design textbook. The problems involve calculating values such as stresses, strains, moduli, and strengths using data provided in tables in the appendices. Key values calculated include yield strengths, tensile strengths, elastic moduli, Poisson's ratios, and specific strengths and moduli for various materials. Plots of stress-strain curves are also constructed from tabulated data.
This document provides calculations for determining the specifications of compression springs. It analyzes music wire, phosphor bronze, and stainless steel springs given various dimensional parameters. Equations are used to calculate properties like spring rate, shear stress, yield point, and critical buckling length. The summaries indicate some designs are not solid-safe due to exceeding the shear yield strength, and suggest adjusting the free length to achieve a solid-safe design.
This document describes a finite element analysis project that models a trapezoidal concrete slab. The model includes the slab geometry, mesh, material properties, loads applied, and results of the static structural analysis. The analysis found a maximum total deformation of 3.0713e-002 mm, maximum equivalent elastic strain of 5.2723e-005 mm/mm, and maximum equivalent stress of 1.5798 MPa in the slab under a 5000 N fixed support force.
This document describes a finite element analysis project that models a trapezoidal concrete slab. The model includes the slab geometry, mesh, material properties, loads applied, and results of the static structural analysis. The analysis found a maximum total deformation of 3.0713e-002 mm, maximum equivalent elastic strain of 5.2723e-005 mm/mm, and maximum equivalent stress of 1.5798 MPa in the slab under a 5000 N fixed support force.
TeeBotMax is an open source 3D printer designed and developed by Emmanuel Adetutu. It is foldable, uses readily available materials like aluminum profiles and rods, and is affordable costing between 300-1000 Euros depending on materials and skills. It also provides high print quality with layer heights from 0.2-0.5 mm and fast print times using a direct drive. The mechanical frame can be assembled in 2-3 hours and electronics/wiring take 4-8 hours more with step-by-step assembly guides provided.
La rivoluzione del fare impresa: creatività e digital fabrication per il calz...FaberLab
La digital fabrication – fabbricazione digitale, stampa 3D – può essere applicata in ambito calzaturiero? Su questo tema Faberlab, Confartigianato Imprese Varese e Confartigianato Lomellina hanno promosso il 28 settembre 2015 un workshop sulle tecniche del digital manufacturing all’interno dei processi produttivi del settore scarpe.
“La rivoluzione del fare impresa: creatività e digital fabrication per il settore calzaturiero“ è stata l’occasione per presentare da una parte i lavori del progetto Londra e contemporaneamente per focalizzare l’attenzione sulle possibili applicazioni della digital fabbrication in ambito calzaturiero.
La presentazione di Zoe Romano, di We Make Milano
Boutique 3d
Boutique3d é um projeto one-stop baseada DC e estúdio de renderização de arquitetura 3d, ilustração 3d e design 3d. Nosso objetivo é oferecer soluções rápidas, acessíveis, inovadoras e eficientes às necessidades dos nossos clientes.
Somos especializados em ilustração 3d, Rendering Architectural 3D, renderings 3D interior e 3d Passo a passo Animações e Design 3d. Nosso objetivo é proporcionar a cada cliente a nossa dedicação profissional extremo para cada projeto e os requisitos de apresentação.
Nossa estratégia é adaptar-se ajustar o nosso projeto e soluções criativas para as diferentes necessidades de nossos clientes.
Nosso compromisso é ser constantemente atualizado com as tendências e tecnologias em desenvolvimento na área do design e 3d, que continuarão a melhorar os serviços que prestamos aos nossos clientes.
Design e Stampa 3d - Tecnificio al Faberlab FaberLab
La produzione digitale e il design sono sempre più presenti nelle aziende: possono costituire, insieme alla conoscenza empirica delle forme e dei materiali, un vantaggio competitivo ? La stampa 3d è utile per il design? Come portare i vantaggi della stampa 3d nel mondo del design e delle piccole imprese ? Come avvicinare la progettazione e la creatività al mondo della produzione? Come portare questi saperi nel mondo delle piccole imprese ? Questi sono i temi al centro dell’incontro “La stampa 3d e il design” svoltosi mercoledì 9 dicembre a partire dalle ore 20,30 al Faberlab. Ospiti dell’incontro i fondatori di Tecnificio, che nel corso degli ultimi anni hanno sviluppato molti progetti incrociando le tecnologie digitali, il design e le imprese: Patrizia Bolzan e Marcello Pirovano.
Este documento resume los conceptos básicos de la impresión 3D, incluyendo qué es, cómo funciona, los tipos de impresoras 3D, sus aplicaciones, ventajas e inconvenientes. Describe que la impresión 3D es un proceso aditivo que crea objetos capa a capa y que existen varios tipos de impresoras 3D que utilizan diferentes métodos como la estereolitografía, sinterización selectiva por láser e inyección de material. También menciona aplicaciones como la comida, ropa, partes del cuerpo
The document provides instructions for using a Makerbot Replicator 2X 3D printer. It describes how to level the build plate, load and unload filament, use the Makerware software to prepare files for printing including orientation, scaling and dual extrusion. It also provides tips for prepping the build surface with ABS slurry, removing prints, installing new Kapton tape, and using an acetone vapor bath to smooth prints.
A short introduction to 3D Printing (rapid prototyping / additive manufacturing) techniques. Made as an introduction for the DhubFab and FabLabBarcelona students.
Sustainable Manufacturing: Optimization of single pass Turning machining oper...sajal dixit
Main aim is to optimize a manufacturing process by using different Meta-heuristic algorithm. i had selected turning process here. Firstly i found the most influential parameters in turning process by introducing "Local-centrality Method". Optimization of these most influential parameters will lead to the optimization of whole process using "Genetic algorithm and Taguchi Method". Genetic algorithm has been used to optimize production rate & production cost and Taguchi method has been used to optimize cutting quality, which has been described in presentation.
This document summarizes a transient thermal analysis project that was last saved on October 3, 2016. The project includes a 3D model with three parts, mesh, materials, loads, and a transient thermal analysis with internal heat generation. Temperature results over time are presented in tables and charts showing the minimum and maximum temperatures throughout the model.
This document summarizes the results of a study characterizing the surface quality and mold filling performance of an ABS material injected into a spiral mold using conventional and Roctool injection molding technologies. Key results include:
1) Roctool technology produced parts with improved surface quality like reduced weld lines and sink marks. Gloss and color measurements confirmed these visual improvements.
2) Texture replication was improved by 52% using Roctool technology.
3) Roctool technology allowed filling the mold 33% faster and with a 41% reduction in pressure drop compared to conventional technology. The optimum mold temperature was determined to be 180°C.
1. The document reports on test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for plastic parts.
2. Key findings include improved surface quality, replication rates up to 81%, and roughness reductions of up to 88% with Roctool.
3. Flow length was significantly increased and pressure drop in the cavity was reduced by up to 45% when using Roctool technology at 180°C compared to conventional processing at 80°C.
The LSG-1200A compact goniophotometer is used to measure the luminous intensity distribution curve, intensity data, beam angle and other photometric for Chip LED, LED Module, LED Spotlight and all other light which spread angle is no more than 180 degree.
This document provides information about Lisun Electronics Inc., a leader in lighting and electrical test instruments. It includes contact information for Lisun's global offices in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Los Angeles, and Hangzhou. The second page describes Lisun's compact goniophotometer model LSG-1200A, which is used to measure light distribution and intensity parameters for various light sources. It lists the product's technical specifications and measurement capabilities.
Thermal modeling and management of cluster storage systems xunfei jiang 2014Xiao Qin
Thermal Modeling and Management of Storage Systems
Author: Jiang, Xunfei
Abstract: Energy consumption of data storage systems has increased significantly for the past decades. There is an urgent need to build energy-efficient data storage systems. Computing cost of IT facilities and cooling cost of air conditioners contribute to a large portion of the total energy consumption of data centers. A large amount of researchers focus on reducing the computing cost by balancing workload or powering off idle data nodes to save energy. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to decreasing the cooling cost. Temperature is a major contributor to cooling cost, and thermal management has become a popular topic in building energy-efficient data centers. Extensive research of thermal impacts of processors and memories has been presented in literature, however, the thermal impacts of disks have not been fully investigated. In this dissertation, experiments are conducted to characterize the thermal behavior of processors and disks by using real-world benchmarks (e.g., postmark and whetstone). The profiling results show that disks have comparable thermal impacts as processors to overall temperature of a data node. Then, we develop an approach to generate thermal models for estimating temperatures of processors, disks, and data nodes. We validate the thermal models by comparing the predictions with real measurements by temperature sensors deployed on data nodes. We further propose an energy model to estimate the total energy cost of data nodes. Finally, by applying our thermal and energy models, we propose thermal management strategies for building energy-efficient data centers. These strategies include a thermal-aware task scheduling strategy, thermal-aware data placement strategies for homogeneous and hybrid storage clusters, and a predictive thermal-aware data transmission strategy.
1) A report summarizes test results from evaluating plastic injection molding using conventional vs Roctool technology at different temperatures. Using Roctool technology at 140°C provided improvements over conventional technology at 90°C, including better surface replication and reduced roughness.
2) Measurements of gloss, color, texture replication, and surface roughness from samples molded with conventional vs Roctool technology are presented. Roctool technology resulted in darker color, smoother surface, and up to 61% improved texture replication.
3) Flow length and pressure drop data from injecting into spiral molds using conventional vs Roctool technology at different temperatures are shown. Roctool technology at 180°C provided over 50% reduction
1) The document reports on test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology using different mold temperatures and material thicknesses.
2) Key findings include up to a 61% improvement in surface replication rate and reduced roughness using Roctool technology. There were also reductions in pressure drop within the mold cavity of up to 31%.
3) Flow length was significantly increased with Roctool technology compared to conventional methods, demonstrating better filling behavior and flow. The optimum mold temperature was determined to be 180°C.
This document discusses optimizing the design of 3D printed ABS columns through variation of hexagonal infill percentage and orientation to minimize material usage. Finite element analysis was conducted on columns with different infill percentages and angles. Experimental validation and sensitivity analysis were also planned. The recommended column design was found to be 11% hexagonal infill oriented at 0 degrees, which had a maximum stress of 15.76 MPa while minimizing material usage at 27.88 mg.
1) Testing was conducted using a spiral mold to compare the flow and pressure characteristics of conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology.
2) With Roctool technology (180°C mold temperature), flow length was improved by up to 137% and injection pressure drop was reduced by up to 66% compared to conventional molding (80°C).
3) Pressure drop between sensors in the cavity was reduced by up to 48% when using Roctool technology with a 1.5mm thick spiral versus conventional molding.
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1) Testing using Roctool technology at 140°C showed improvements in surface quality over conventional molding at 90°C, including reduced defects and improved gloss.
2) Roughness measurements found better replication rates and reduced roughness parameters using Roctool technology.
3) Color measurements indicated Roctool technology produced a darker color while maintaining surface finish compared to conventional processing.
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1) Testing of a plastic material using conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology found improvements using Roctool, including removal of weld lines and sink marks and a brighter, smoother surface finish.
2) Roughness measurements found an 88% improvement and up to 81% higher replication rates using Roctool technology.
3) Flow length tests of different mold thicknesses at various injection pressures showed significantly reduced thickness and pressure drop of up to 45% when using a mold temperature of 180C with Roctool versus 80C conventional molding.
1) The document reports on test results comparing injection molding using Roctool technology versus conventional technology.
2) Key findings include significant improvements using Roctool technology, including a 365% increase in gloss, up to 278% reduction in surface roughness, and visible removal of defects from the surface.
3) Flow length was also significantly improved using Roctool technology, with increases of up to 136.9% observed, as well as reduced pressure drop in the mold cavity of up to 112%. This allows for thinner part designs.
1. Optimizing quality characteristics
of 3D printer using six sigma
methodology
Submitted by
Shiva Teja Sepuri
Abbas Sayed
Advisor- Dr. Joseph Chen
Department of IMET
2. Introduction:
3D printing or additive manufacturing is
a process of making three dimensional
solid objects from a digital file.
The creation of a 3D printed object is
achieved using additive processes.
In an additive process an object is
created by laying down successive
layers of material until the entire object
is created.
Each of these layers can be seen as a
thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of
the eventual object.
Key Parameters:
• Infill Percentage
• Extruder Speed
• Build Platform Temperature
• Extruder Temperature
• Filament-Maker bot PLA
• No of layers
• No of Shells
3. Working:
This virtual design is made in a CAD file using a 3D
modeling program.
A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object.
Not all 3D printers use the same technology. There are several ways to
print and all those available are additive, differing mainly in the way
layers are build to create the final object.
Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM)
are the most common technologies using this way of printing.
Another method of printing is when we talk about curing a photo-
reactive resin with a UV laser or another similar power source one layer
at a time. The most common technology using this method is called
stereolithography (SLA).
4. Company Overview:
Shape ways is a 3D printing company, located in Chicago, IL.
It servers its ever growing customer base from 60,000 units
production capacity facility, and focuses on complex industrial
and plastic components
6. Goal statement:
Improve the part Tensile strength to meet the customer’s requirement
Y=F(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6…)
Y=Yield Strength
X1=Material Infill percentage %
X2=Number of shells
X3=Build Platform Temperature °C
X4=Extruder Temperature °C
X5=Raw material type
X6=Layer height mm
7. Oppurtunity statement:
Shape ways products are currently experiencing significant quality issues,
which is negatively impacting customer satisfaction. For the year of 2016,
the cost of poor quality is $135,000. The Plastic Rod failed because of the
low strength. So improving the strength of the rod represents a large
opportunity to increase customer satisfaction and reduce the cost
• Cp = 0.73
• Cpk = 0.49
• USL= 5300psi
• LSL = 4500psi
8. CTQ & CTP- Based on customer needs
Need (VOC) Drivers CTQs/CTCs CTPs
Part with required
specifications
Type of material
Product Quality surface roughness
Layer height (mm)
Infill rate (%)
Number of shells (°C)
Dimensions
Temperature of
extruder(°C)
Tensile Strength Level of plate(°)
Delivery Average order delivery time
Order process time(s)
Order handling time(s)
Order delivery time(s)
Cycle time nozzle speed (mm/sec)
Cost Selling Price
Material Cost($)
Process Cost($)
Packaging Cost ($)
Shipping Cost ($)
12. Equipment Variation (EV)=
0.00092
EV = ( R Avg) (K1)
Appraiser Variation
(AV)=8.726*E^-5
AV = SQRT[ (Diff Max-Min)(K2)]²
-[(EV)² / (n x r)]
R & R = 0.00093
R&R = SQR((EV) ²+ (AV)²)
Part Variation (PV) =0.00020
PV = (Rp)*(K3)
Total Variation (TV)=0.001
Calculations:
% 100[(EV)/(Total Variation)]
% EV= 97.23
% AV = 100 [ (AV) / (Total Variation)]
% AV=9.18
% R&R= SQRT( ( % EV) ²+ (% AV) ²)
% R&R=97.659
13. Collected data:
The collected data for the base samples is as follows
Baseline Input Parameters:
• Infill % - 20%
• Extruder Speed -150mm/S
• Build Platform Temperature - 110°C
• Extruder Temperature - 240°C
• No. of shells -2
• Filament - Maker bot PLA in Red
• Fan power - 50% max power
Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean St.dev
Tensile strength
(psi) 4777.084 4527.499 4724.934 4854.003 4493.467 4543.354 4501.850 4441.447 4509.883 4607.335 4598.086 139.128
Tensile Strength= (Max load) (psi)
Cross sectional Area
Cross sectional Area = Width*Thickness
(square inch)
14. Process capabilities:
Cp = (USL-LSL)/6σ
Cpk = Min{(usl-x.bar);(x.bar-lsl)}/3σ
Cp = 0.73
Cpk =0.49
On calculating,
USL= 5015.47 =5300psi
LSL = 4389.39 =4500psi
Nominal value =4900psi
19. Analysis & results:
• Understand what can cause Modulus go wrong by Fishbone Study for six
categories
• Identify the key process input variables and key process output variables by
C & E Matrix Study
• Use process FMEA to prioritize the tasks
Target KPIV for improve stage:
• Infill%
• Number of Shells
• Extruder temperature deg.F
• Layer height mm
24. Taguchi method- response variables
From collected data:
(Optima value)
A1B2C2D3 - 4067 psi
From S/N ratio:
(Optima value)
A1B3C2D1 - 5213 psi
Tensile Strength
Level A (IR) B (NS) C (LH) D (ET)
1 4939.0 5066.7 5096.2 5193.1
2 4981.2 4780.4 4928.4 5386.9
3 5529.1 5602.2 5424.7 4869.3
optima: 4067.732167
S/N Ratio
Level A (IR) B (NS) C (LH) D (ET)
1 35.18 29.68 26.41 35.25
2 27.34 28.94 37.27 26.56
3 32.87 36.76 31.71 33.59
optima: 5213.382833
Nominal Value: 4900psi
As, S/N ratio’s value is nearer to nominal value the respective parameters are
selected
25. Mean and s/n response figure:
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
4600.0
4700.0
4800.0
4900.0
5000.0
5100.0
5200.0
5300.0
5400.0
5500.0
5600.0
1 2 3
Tensilestrength(psi)
Mean and S/N ratio based on Factor A (Infill rate)
Tensile
Strength
S/N ratio
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
4200.0
4400.0
4600.0
4800.0
5000.0
5200.0
5400.0
5600.0
5800.0
1 2 3
TensileStrength(psi)
Mean and S/N ratio based on Factor B (Number of
shells)
Tensile
Strength
S/N ratio
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
4600.0
4700.0
4800.0
4900.0
5000.0
5100.0
5200.0
5300.0
5400.0
5500.0
1 2 3
TensileStrength(psi)
Mean and S/N ratio based on Factor C (Layer
Height)
Tensile
Strengt
h
S/N
ratio 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
4600.0
4700.0
4800.0
4900.0
5000.0
5100.0
5200.0
5300.0
5400.0
5500.0
1 2 3
TensileStrength(psi)
Mean and S/N ratio based on Factor D (Extruded
Temperature)
Tensile
Strength
S/N ratio
Infill rate (1=20%, 2=30%, 3=30%) Number of shells (1=1, 2=2, 3=3)
Layer Height (1=0.1mm, 2=0.2mm, 3=0.3mm) Extruded Temperature (1=230°F, 2=240°F, 3=250°F)
26. T test – Non-controllable factor analysis
Average (high temperature) = 5239.051psi
Average (low temperature) = 5060.507 psi
Std.dev (high temperature) = 547.7732 psi
Std.dev (low temperature) = 583.9924 psi
T-stat = 0.9461 T (alpha=0.0.1, d.f=34) =2.75
Hypothesis for noise factor:
Conclusion:
H0: μAT (65-75) = μAT (76-85)
H1: μAT (65-75) ≠ μAT (76-85)
since t-stat=0.946 which is smaller
than the t(alpha=0.01, two tails)=2.75
we fail to reject H0 and this means no
significant difference between high
temperature and low temperature.
27. Optima results for input parameters:
A ( Infill rate ) 20%
B ( Number of shells) 3
C ( Layer height ) 0.2mm
D ( Extruded Temperature) 230 °F
Ambient Temperature: (65-75) °F
28. Confirmation run:
Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Std.dev
Tensile Strength
(psi) 4953.255025.2564878.4534998.6394834.0774923.857 4896.945089.3414987.5114947.2494953.457 75.1345
A ( Infill rate ) 20%
B ( Number of
shells)
3
C ( Layer height ) 0.2mm
D ( Extruded
Temperature)
230 °F
Cp 1.73
Cpk 1.5
31. Takt Time of Shapeways:
Annual demand for products per annum: 60,000 pieces
Number of working days in a year: 250 days
Daily Demand: 240 pieces
Time available per working shift : 480 (8 hours)-30 mins(break time)= 450 minutes/ shift
One shift working hours : 450 minutes/day
Efficiency: 91%
Total daily operating time: 450*0.91= 409 minutes/day
Takt Time:
Total daily operating time
Total daily 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 requirement
= 409/240= 1.70 minutes per piece
Number of machines needed : Cycle time / Takt Time
34. Cost estimation:
Product unit price = $3.
Cost of poor quality per part =$9.
Annual demand =60,000 pieces
Annual defect rate =13,500 pieces
Annual cost of poor quality =$121,500.
Money saved on each machine = $5,000.
Money saved on 2 machines = $10,000.
Miscellaneous savings (power, maintenance, etc.) =$3,500.
Total savings =$135,000.
35. Performance improvement -Overall
Baseline Process
Production Capacity=60,000 Units
Cycle Time= 23 Minutes
D.p.M.O=226,627 (2.25 Sigma Level)
Defects per year=13,500
Number of machines used : Cycle Time/ Takt Time = 23 mins/ 1.70 mins = 14
Improved Process(Using Taguchi)
Production Capacity=60,000 Units
Cycle Time=19 Minutes
D.P.M.O=72 (5.30 Sigma Level)
Defects Per year= 5.4 units
Number of machines used : Cycle Time/ Takt Time = 19 mins/ 1.70 mins = 12
Estimated annual savings = $ 135,000