2. A.Drive and Motivation
one with strong positive
motives for learning is said to
be highly motivated.
B.Positive transfer of learning
transfer refers to the carrying
over of learning to another
situation.

3. C.Immediate feedback or
knowledge of result
Not only serves
motivational
purposes but server as
reinforcement
for responses.

4. D.Meaningfulness of
material
- refers to the emotional
or motivational
significance of material
learned.

5. E.Duration of Practice
- Has something to do with
learning
Two types of such practice
are the:
^^MASS
^^DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE.

6. F.Part vs. Whole Method
1.brighter people
2.Connected meaningful
material
3.Conditons of distributed
practice

7. G.The use of Mnemonic Devices
or Memory Aids
These special aids like “ My Dear Aunt
Sally Rule”
(to illustrate the 4 fundamental
Of arithmetic ) ;
“Every good boy does fine” and “FACE”
(LINES and
space in a
Music staff) all illustrate how some
devices aid in
efficient teaching and learning .

9. H.The number of senses
involved
the more senses are
involved
in the process of learning,
the better it
Contributes to learning.

10. I. Active participation in the
learning task
Is more superior to passive
learning.
This is the justification given
by the proponents of programmed
instruction and those who favor
the “doing part” in the learning.

11. Thinking, Problem-Solving,
Creativity
THINKING - is behavior that
uses ideas or symbolic
representations of things or
event.
- refers to action that is not
visible and merely using some
form of symbolic reference.

12. KINDS OF THINKING
1. ASSOCIATIVE THINKING – undirect
and uncontrolled thinking.
A. Autistic Thinking (Daydreaming)
- from the Greek word “autos”
means “self ” , thinking which is
governed by personal needs or by
the self.

13. B. Night Dreaming
According to:
•FREUD– is due to unconscious
impulses and it aims to gratify or
satisfy a drive.
•PSYCHOANALYSIS - the dream
content includes the images and
ideas expressed in the dream.
•COLLIER’S ENCYCLOPEDIA – dream
consist most frequently of visual
imagery, sometimes in color.

14. REM (Nystagmus) – electronically
recorded eye movements.
• Studies suggested that all
people dream at more or less
regular interval every night.
• It is estimated that about 1 ½
of every 8 hours of sleep is
devoted to dreaming.

15. PRINCIPLES OF DREAMS
Condensation – several persons
may be condensed into one.
 Displacements – objects may
represent oter objects, thoughts
or ideas.
 Symbolization – places may
appear as persons.

16. C. Imagination
- the process of creating objects or
events without sensory data.
IMAGES – is the component element of
imagination.
D. Eidetic Imagery (Photographic Mind)
- Eidetic imagery- an uncommonly
vivid imagery as though the person
actually perceives.
Persons with “Photographic Mind” can
recall things by visualizing a thoroughly
complete image in the mind.

17. 2. DIRECTED THINKING – is thinking
oriented towards a goal --- as in
reasoning about a problem.
A. Critical Thinking – Crucial
judgement or evaluation of
something.
B. Creative Thinking – involves the
ability to produce new forms of art
or mechanics or to solve problems
by novel methods.

18.  Preparation
 Incubation
 Illumination
 Verification

19. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF
CREATIVE PERSONALITIES
1. Independence of thought and
action.
2. Tendency to be less dogmatic
and more relativistic in their view
of life than those rated as not
creative.
3. Willingness to recognize their
own irrational impulses.

20. 4. Preference for complexity
and novelty.
5. Value humor and have a
good sense of humor.
6. High emphasis on both
theoretical and esthetic
values.

21. C. Brainstorming – a practice or
technique which involves
grouping people to solve problem
in a free environment.
D. Reasoning – a process of
logical thinking or problem-solving.

22. THREE FORMS OF REASONING
1. Induction – reasoning from particular
to general.
2. Deduction - reasoning from general
to particular.
3. Syllogism – reasoning which a
statement is given, followed by a
second statement , the two
together leading to a conclusion in
the form of third statement.

23. E. Problem-Solving - a process used in
discovering the correct sequence of
alternative leading to a goal or to an
ideational solution.
STEPS FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING
1. Becoming aware of the problem.
2. Clarification of the problem.
3. Emergence of the hypothesis.
4. Elaboration of the hypothesis.
5. Testing the hypothesis.
6. Generalization.