324 02 part 2 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•358 views
This document discusses modal action patterns (MAPs), which are more complex reflexes that occur in nearly all members of a species in response to similar stimuli. It provides examples of MAPs, including the feeding behavior of herring gull chicks, which peck in response to a specific sign stimulus presented by their parents. The document also notes that MAPs can change depending on the state of the organism and provides the example of male stickleback fish.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
324 02 part 1 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
The document discusses the basic forms of human learning. It notes that while human behavior is not entirely fixed, we are not a blank slate, as we have a type of "firmware" that allows us to interpret experiences. It describes elicited behaviors as responses to stimuli in our environment, such as reflexes, eye blinks, withdrawal, and salivation. Reflexes are defined as stimuli that elicit a corresponding response through a reflex arc involving sensory, motor, and interneurons.
324 02 part 3 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
The document discusses habituation, which is the most basic form of learning where reflexes change and responses to repeated, neutral stimuli decrease over time. An example given is how salivation decreases in response to a repeated stimulus. Habituation is stimulus-specific and temporary, as the response can recover with the passage of time or a change in stimulus frequency/rate of presentation. Sensitization is also discussed, which is the increasing intensity of response due to arousal. The document notes what habituation is not, such as sensory adaptation, fatigue, or a result of changes at the sensory or motor locations.
Genetics pp
Genes contribute to behaviors but do not determine them. Studies of twins and genes like 5-HTT and COMT show that:
- Genetics influence traits like intelligence (70%) and likelihood of depression, but environment also matters
- The 5-HTT gene predicts if one will become depressed after stressful life events
- COMT impacts stress response and test/task performance depending on allele (fast or slow acting enzyme)
However, one gene does not cause a behavior and ethics around genetic testing and research are important issues.
Gel electrophoresis power point
Gel electrophoresis is a process used to separate DNA fragments by size. It involves placing DNA samples into a gel and applying an electric current, causing the fragments to migrate through the gel at different rates depending on their size, with smaller fragments traveling farther than larger ones. This allows researchers to determine the length of DNA fragments for various applications such as DNA fingerprinting.
Gel electrophoresis power point may 23
Gel electrophoresis is a technique that separates DNA fragments by size using an electric current run through agarose gel. DNA is placed in wells at one end of the gel and a current causes the fragments to migrate through the gel, with smaller fragments traveling farther than larger ones. This allows DNA fragments of different sizes to be visually separated, which is useful for applications like solving crimes, paternity testing, diagnosing genetic diseases, and determining genetic relationships between species.
Operant Conditioning 2
Operant conditioning is a method of learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. Reinforcements, like rewards, increase the likelihood a behavior will be repeated, while punishments decrease likelihood a behavior will be repeated. Skinner used a technique called shaping to teach behaviors to animals like pigeons by breaking behaviors into small, reinforced steps to build up to a complex behavior. Shaping involves giving reinforcement for closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior until the behavior is learned. The technique was effective for pigeons but not all animals, like raccoons. Shaping can also be used to teach humans complex behaviors by reinforcing successive steps.
Learning
This document discusses learning and memory. It defines learning as acquiring or modifying knowledge through experience, while memory is the retention and storage of that information. There are different types of learning, including non-associative (habituation and sensitization) and associative (classical and operant conditioning). Habituation involves diminishing response to repeated stimuli through neurotransmitter release inhibition. Sensitization causes increased response through facilitatory interneurons and serotonin receptors activating calcium channels and neurotransmitter release. Classical conditioning pairs an unconditioned stimulus that elicits a reflex with a neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment to alter probability of behaviors.
Memory2
This document summarizes molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, including procedural and declarative memory systems, and models like Aplysia and cerebellum that are used to study these mechanisms at the neuronal and molecular level. It discusses various forms of learning like habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning; and memory mechanisms like long-term potentiation and long-term depression that involve modification of synaptic strength through molecular cascades and changes in gene expression.
Recommended
324 02 part 1 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
The document discusses the basic forms of human learning. It notes that while human behavior is not entirely fixed, we are not a blank slate, as we have a type of "firmware" that allows us to interpret experiences. It describes elicited behaviors as responses to stimuli in our environment, such as reflexes, eye blinks, withdrawal, and salivation. Reflexes are defined as stimuli that elicit a corresponding response through a reflex arc involving sensory, motor, and interneurons.
324 02 part 3 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
The document discusses habituation, which is the most basic form of learning where reflexes change and responses to repeated, neutral stimuli decrease over time. An example given is how salivation decreases in response to a repeated stimulus. Habituation is stimulus-specific and temporary, as the response can recover with the passage of time or a change in stimulus frequency/rate of presentation. Sensitization is also discussed, which is the increasing intensity of response due to arousal. The document notes what habituation is not, such as sensory adaptation, fatigue, or a result of changes at the sensory or motor locations.
Genetics pp
Genes contribute to behaviors but do not determine them. Studies of twins and genes like 5-HTT and COMT show that:
- Genetics influence traits like intelligence (70%) and likelihood of depression, but environment also matters
- The 5-HTT gene predicts if one will become depressed after stressful life events
- COMT impacts stress response and test/task performance depending on allele (fast or slow acting enzyme)
However, one gene does not cause a behavior and ethics around genetic testing and research are important issues.
Gel electrophoresis power point
Gel electrophoresis is a process used to separate DNA fragments by size. It involves placing DNA samples into a gel and applying an electric current, causing the fragments to migrate through the gel at different rates depending on their size, with smaller fragments traveling farther than larger ones. This allows researchers to determine the length of DNA fragments for various applications such as DNA fingerprinting.
Gel electrophoresis power point may 23
Gel electrophoresis is a technique that separates DNA fragments by size using an electric current run through agarose gel. DNA is placed in wells at one end of the gel and a current causes the fragments to migrate through the gel, with smaller fragments traveling farther than larger ones. This allows DNA fragments of different sizes to be visually separated, which is useful for applications like solving crimes, paternity testing, diagnosing genetic diseases, and determining genetic relationships between species.
Operant Conditioning 2
Operant conditioning is a method of learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviors. Reinforcements, like rewards, increase the likelihood a behavior will be repeated, while punishments decrease likelihood a behavior will be repeated. Skinner used a technique called shaping to teach behaviors to animals like pigeons by breaking behaviors into small, reinforced steps to build up to a complex behavior. Shaping involves giving reinforcement for closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior until the behavior is learned. The technique was effective for pigeons but not all animals, like raccoons. Shaping can also be used to teach humans complex behaviors by reinforcing successive steps.
Learning
This document discusses learning and memory. It defines learning as acquiring or modifying knowledge through experience, while memory is the retention and storage of that information. There are different types of learning, including non-associative (habituation and sensitization) and associative (classical and operant conditioning). Habituation involves diminishing response to repeated stimuli through neurotransmitter release inhibition. Sensitization causes increased response through facilitatory interneurons and serotonin receptors activating calcium channels and neurotransmitter release. Classical conditioning pairs an unconditioned stimulus that elicits a reflex with a neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment to alter probability of behaviors.
Memory2
This document summarizes molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, including procedural and declarative memory systems, and models like Aplysia and cerebellum that are used to study these mechanisms at the neuronal and molecular level. It discusses various forms of learning like habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning; and memory mechanisms like long-term potentiation and long-term depression that involve modification of synaptic strength through molecular cascades and changes in gene expression.
324 01 history, methodology
This document discusses the historical context and methodology of human learning research. It describes Rene Descartes' dualist view that the mind and body are separate but interacting, with voluntary behavior governed by the mind and involuntary reflexes governed by the body. It also discusses how Descartes' view led to the fields of mentalism and reflexology. Later researchers like John Locke debated nativism versus empiricism and whether ideas are innate or formed from experience. Comparative cognition research used animal models and experiments to better understand learning and neural functions.
324 11 limits of learning
This document discusses several limits of learning, including physical characteristics, the non-heritability of learned behavior contrary to Lamarckian evolution, and the influence of heredity on learning ability as seen when comparing wolves and dogs. Additionally, it addresses how neurological damage from factors like neurotoxins, low socioeconomic status leading to exposure to lead paint, and head injuries can impact learning by damaging neurological functions. Critical periods of development and imprinting are also covered, alongside the concepts of instinctive drift and an organism's preparedness or resistance to certain types of learning.
324 10 observational learning
This document discusses observational learning, which is a change in behavior that occurs due to observing and watching the behavior of others. It describes classical conditioning studies where observers showed conditioning responses after watching a model receive shocks or eye blink conditioning. The document also discusses operant observational learning studies using monkeys and cats. It reviews factors that influence observational learning like the characteristics of the model and consequences received by the model. Finally, it briefly discusses theories of observational learning like social cognitive theory and Miller-Dollard modeling.
324 12 3 special topics tool use language
Crows in New Caledonia were observed using tools to obtain food in ways greater than chance would predict, such as using sticks of varying lengths to reach food in tubes or bending metal strips to form hooks. While tool use could be explained by reinforcement or social learning, the crows were also able to fabricate tools on their own, suggesting an innate predisposition. Studies of primates and birds provide evidence of complex cognition and intelligence in non-human animals, sparking research on comparative cognition and questions around the origins and uniqueness of human language.
324 06 stimulus control
The document discusses stimulus control and generalization in human learning. It describes how training with a specific stimulus can result in responding to similar but different stimuli, known as stimulus generalization. The strength of responding typically follows a normal curve, with strongest responding to the original trained stimulus and decreasing response strength as the stimuli vary further from the training stimulus. An example of semantic generalization is given where words paired with snacks come to elicit salivation in response to synonyms and homophones of the original words.
Introduction to Genetics PowerPoint
Here are the symbols for the situations in Section C:
21) Black fur is dominant over white fur B
22) Tall is dominant over short T
23) Yellow is dominant. Green is recessive. Y
24) White flowers are recessive. Purple flowers are dominant. P
324 04 part 1.1 operant conditioning foundations
This document discusses the history and foundations of operant conditioning. It describes how Skinner removed inference from operant conditioning experiments and studied free operants. Voluntary behavior is determined by the consequences it produces, with reinforcing consequences increasing the probability that a behavior will occur again. Operant conditioning involves natural selection at the species, cultural, and individual level through the selection of behaviors by their consequences.
Psyc 321_14 surveys
This document discusses different types of questions that can be used in questionnaires and surveys, including open-ended questions, fixed alternative questions, Likert-type scaling questions, and semantic differentials. It also covers considerations for survey administration such as question order effects, sensitive questions, response rates, and biases from different administration methods like face-to-face, telephone, mail, and computer surveys. The overall topic is methods for developing and administering effective questionnaires and surveys in developmental research.
Psyc 321_13 ethics
This document discusses ethics in developmental research. It outlines the rights of both scientists and subjects. For subjects, it discusses the rights to not be harmed, to learn, and to experience discomfort only with consent. It also discusses how to protect subjects through voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, and oversight from Institutional Review Boards. The document notes some past unethical experiments and debates issues like deception, debriefing, and the study of nonhuman subjects.
Psyc 321_12 small n research
Small N research involves studying individual subjects to gain a deeper understanding of individual differences compared to group analysis. It uses experimental single-subject designs where the subject acts as their own control to establish a pattern of behavior and observe how that pattern changes when an intervention is introduced. Common small N designs include the simple AB design with a baseline and intervention phase, reversal designs like ABA to introduce baseline periods again, and multiple baseline designs that stagger the introduction of an intervention across subjects to control for external factors.
Psyc 321_11 quasi experimentation
This document discusses various quasi-experimental research methods, including archival studies, time series designs, single group pre-post tests, interrupted time series, multiple time series, cohort designs, ex-post facto designs, correlational designs, and naturalistic studies. Quasi-experimental designs aim to detect effects but have lower internal validity than true experiments. They also have limitations in determining causality due to the lack of random assignment to conditions. The document provides examples and explanations of these different quasi-experimental research methods.
psyc 321_10 experimental ecology
This document discusses issues that can impact experimental validity in ecological research, including:
1) Bias from experimenters that can influence data collection and interactions with subjects. Multiple observers and operational definitions can help address this.
2) Subject factors like the Hawthorne effect and demand characteristics that influence participant behavior and threaten validity. Blinding techniques and deception can help control for these influences.
3) Cultural biases from the experimenters' perspective that fail to account for diversity among subjects. Including diverse participants is important to address this.
Psyc 321_09 within groups
This document discusses within-groups or repeated measures designs. In within-groups designs, the same group of participants receives all levels of the independent variable. The key advantages are that all groups are equal at the beginning and the design is very sensitive to changes. Disadvantages include potential carryover effects and sensitivity to time variables like practice and fatigue. Counterbalancing techniques like Latin squares can help control for order effects. Mixed designs combine within- and between-groups approaches to rule out carryover effects while maintaining control. Matched subjects designs aim to reduce error variance by matching and randomly assigning participants.
Psyc 321_07 control
This document discusses control in developmental research methods. It explains that control is established through careful selection of participants and random assignment to conditions. Random assignment balances any differences between groups to minimize confounding variables. True experiments use both random selection and assignment to control for threats to internal validity like history, maturation, and testing effects. Different experimental designs, like the Solomon four-group design, allow researchers to rule out additional validity threats.
psyc 321_06 threats to validity and control
The document discusses testing hypotheses in developmental research methods. It explains that there are two types of variation: systematic and unsystematic. Systematic variation can come from the independent variable or from confounding variables. There are also two types of errors in hypothesis testing: type I errors in which the null hypothesis is falsely rejected, and type II errors in which it is falsely retained. Various threats to internal validity are outlined, including history, maturation, instrumentation, selection, testing effects like pretest sensitization, and mortality. Ways to control for threats include random assignment, pilot studies, blinding subjects, using distracter items, and standardizing conditions.
Psyc 321_05 introduction to stats
basic statistics in the social sciences - not a full blown analysis, just a presentation about the topic(s) in research methods.
Psyc 321_04 numerical description
This document discusses numerical description in developmental research methods. It describes different types of scales used to measure variables, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also discusses distributions, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), variation (range, variance, standard deviation), standard scores, correlation, and examples of positive, negative and no correlation.
Psyc 321_03 hypotheses
This document discusses the traits of effective hypotheses for developmental research. Hypotheses should be testable using available technology and methods of measurement. They should also be concrete by including operational definitions that allow for measurement. The document contrasts inductive reasoning, where hypotheses are formed based on observations and evidence, with deductive reasoning, where a theory is used to predict observations and hypotheses. Effective hypotheses can come from existing problems, research, theories, or anywhere.
Psyc 321_02 methods of_science
This document discusses several key methods of science: naturalistic observation which involves non-intrusively observing populations without influencing them; correlational approaches which relate variables mathematically without implying causation; experimental methods which test hypotheses using experimental and control groups; and operational definitions which clearly define variables. It also discusses independent and dependent variables, confounds, validity, reliability, and the scientific attitude which values falsification, testability, skepticism, and parsimony.
Psyc 321_01 what is science
This document discusses different aspects of science as a way of knowing. It explains that science involves observing phenomena to develop facts, and emphasizes doubt and questioning existing beliefs. While science is a powerful way to evaluate knowledge, it also discusses other ways of knowing like tenacity, authority, reason, and common sense. The document then outlines different scientific approaches like naturalistic observation, correlation, experimentation, post-hoc analysis, and qualitative and quantitative methods. Overall, it provides an overview of what science is and different methodologies used.
324 12 2 special topics timing
This document discusses timing in human learning. It defines timing as identifying when time has passed and responding differently. It describes techniques for studying timing, including duration estimation tasks and peak procedures. The peak procedure demonstrates how introducing a break in the stimulus shifts the peak of responding. Finally, the document outlines cognitive and behavioral theories of timing, such as scalar expectancy theory involving a pacemaker, switch and accumulator, and theories involving adjunctive waiting behaviors.
324 12 part 1 special topics food caching
The document discusses food caching behavior in Clark's nutcracker birds. The birds store over 33,000 seeds in thousands of caches and are able to recover the caches in the winter. Food caching is only useful if the birds can remember where the caches are located. Research shows the birds do not search randomly or rely on typical locations, smells, or visual cues when recovering caches. Their caching and recovery abilities suggest the birds may have episodic memory, allowing them to remember detailed episodes of what items were cached, where, and when.
More Related Content
Similar to 324 02 part 2 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
324 01 history, methodology
This document discusses the historical context and methodology of human learning research. It describes Rene Descartes' dualist view that the mind and body are separate but interacting, with voluntary behavior governed by the mind and involuntary reflexes governed by the body. It also discusses how Descartes' view led to the fields of mentalism and reflexology. Later researchers like John Locke debated nativism versus empiricism and whether ideas are innate or formed from experience. Comparative cognition research used animal models and experiments to better understand learning and neural functions.
324 11 limits of learning
This document discusses several limits of learning, including physical characteristics, the non-heritability of learned behavior contrary to Lamarckian evolution, and the influence of heredity on learning ability as seen when comparing wolves and dogs. Additionally, it addresses how neurological damage from factors like neurotoxins, low socioeconomic status leading to exposure to lead paint, and head injuries can impact learning by damaging neurological functions. Critical periods of development and imprinting are also covered, alongside the concepts of instinctive drift and an organism's preparedness or resistance to certain types of learning.
324 10 observational learning
This document discusses observational learning, which is a change in behavior that occurs due to observing and watching the behavior of others. It describes classical conditioning studies where observers showed conditioning responses after watching a model receive shocks or eye blink conditioning. The document also discusses operant observational learning studies using monkeys and cats. It reviews factors that influence observational learning like the characteristics of the model and consequences received by the model. Finally, it briefly discusses theories of observational learning like social cognitive theory and Miller-Dollard modeling.
324 12 3 special topics tool use language
Crows in New Caledonia were observed using tools to obtain food in ways greater than chance would predict, such as using sticks of varying lengths to reach food in tubes or bending metal strips to form hooks. While tool use could be explained by reinforcement or social learning, the crows were also able to fabricate tools on their own, suggesting an innate predisposition. Studies of primates and birds provide evidence of complex cognition and intelligence in non-human animals, sparking research on comparative cognition and questions around the origins and uniqueness of human language.
324 06 stimulus control
The document discusses stimulus control and generalization in human learning. It describes how training with a specific stimulus can result in responding to similar but different stimuli, known as stimulus generalization. The strength of responding typically follows a normal curve, with strongest responding to the original trained stimulus and decreasing response strength as the stimuli vary further from the training stimulus. An example of semantic generalization is given where words paired with snacks come to elicit salivation in response to synonyms and homophones of the original words.
Introduction to Genetics PowerPoint
Here are the symbols for the situations in Section C:
21) Black fur is dominant over white fur B
22) Tall is dominant over short T
23) Yellow is dominant. Green is recessive. Y
24) White flowers are recessive. Purple flowers are dominant. P
324 04 part 1.1 operant conditioning foundations
This document discusses the history and foundations of operant conditioning. It describes how Skinner removed inference from operant conditioning experiments and studied free operants. Voluntary behavior is determined by the consequences it produces, with reinforcing consequences increasing the probability that a behavior will occur again. Operant conditioning involves natural selection at the species, cultural, and individual level through the selection of behaviors by their consequences.
Similar to 324 02 part 2 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization (7)
More from Ryan Sain
Psyc 321_14 surveys
This document discusses different types of questions that can be used in questionnaires and surveys, including open-ended questions, fixed alternative questions, Likert-type scaling questions, and semantic differentials. It also covers considerations for survey administration such as question order effects, sensitive questions, response rates, and biases from different administration methods like face-to-face, telephone, mail, and computer surveys. The overall topic is methods for developing and administering effective questionnaires and surveys in developmental research.
Psyc 321_13 ethics
This document discusses ethics in developmental research. It outlines the rights of both scientists and subjects. For subjects, it discusses the rights to not be harmed, to learn, and to experience discomfort only with consent. It also discusses how to protect subjects through voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, and oversight from Institutional Review Boards. The document notes some past unethical experiments and debates issues like deception, debriefing, and the study of nonhuman subjects.
Psyc 321_12 small n research
Small N research involves studying individual subjects to gain a deeper understanding of individual differences compared to group analysis. It uses experimental single-subject designs where the subject acts as their own control to establish a pattern of behavior and observe how that pattern changes when an intervention is introduced. Common small N designs include the simple AB design with a baseline and intervention phase, reversal designs like ABA to introduce baseline periods again, and multiple baseline designs that stagger the introduction of an intervention across subjects to control for external factors.
Psyc 321_11 quasi experimentation
This document discusses various quasi-experimental research methods, including archival studies, time series designs, single group pre-post tests, interrupted time series, multiple time series, cohort designs, ex-post facto designs, correlational designs, and naturalistic studies. Quasi-experimental designs aim to detect effects but have lower internal validity than true experiments. They also have limitations in determining causality due to the lack of random assignment to conditions. The document provides examples and explanations of these different quasi-experimental research methods.
psyc 321_10 experimental ecology
This document discusses issues that can impact experimental validity in ecological research, including:
1) Bias from experimenters that can influence data collection and interactions with subjects. Multiple observers and operational definitions can help address this.
2) Subject factors like the Hawthorne effect and demand characteristics that influence participant behavior and threaten validity. Blinding techniques and deception can help control for these influences.
3) Cultural biases from the experimenters' perspective that fail to account for diversity among subjects. Including diverse participants is important to address this.
Psyc 321_09 within groups
This document discusses within-groups or repeated measures designs. In within-groups designs, the same group of participants receives all levels of the independent variable. The key advantages are that all groups are equal at the beginning and the design is very sensitive to changes. Disadvantages include potential carryover effects and sensitivity to time variables like practice and fatigue. Counterbalancing techniques like Latin squares can help control for order effects. Mixed designs combine within- and between-groups approaches to rule out carryover effects while maintaining control. Matched subjects designs aim to reduce error variance by matching and randomly assigning participants.
Psyc 321_07 control
This document discusses control in developmental research methods. It explains that control is established through careful selection of participants and random assignment to conditions. Random assignment balances any differences between groups to minimize confounding variables. True experiments use both random selection and assignment to control for threats to internal validity like history, maturation, and testing effects. Different experimental designs, like the Solomon four-group design, allow researchers to rule out additional validity threats.
psyc 321_06 threats to validity and control
The document discusses testing hypotheses in developmental research methods. It explains that there are two types of variation: systematic and unsystematic. Systematic variation can come from the independent variable or from confounding variables. There are also two types of errors in hypothesis testing: type I errors in which the null hypothesis is falsely rejected, and type II errors in which it is falsely retained. Various threats to internal validity are outlined, including history, maturation, instrumentation, selection, testing effects like pretest sensitization, and mortality. Ways to control for threats include random assignment, pilot studies, blinding subjects, using distracter items, and standardizing conditions.
Psyc 321_05 introduction to stats
basic statistics in the social sciences - not a full blown analysis, just a presentation about the topic(s) in research methods.
Psyc 321_04 numerical description
This document discusses numerical description in developmental research methods. It describes different types of scales used to measure variables, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also discusses distributions, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), variation (range, variance, standard deviation), standard scores, correlation, and examples of positive, negative and no correlation.
Psyc 321_03 hypotheses
This document discusses the traits of effective hypotheses for developmental research. Hypotheses should be testable using available technology and methods of measurement. They should also be concrete by including operational definitions that allow for measurement. The document contrasts inductive reasoning, where hypotheses are formed based on observations and evidence, with deductive reasoning, where a theory is used to predict observations and hypotheses. Effective hypotheses can come from existing problems, research, theories, or anywhere.
Psyc 321_02 methods of_science
This document discusses several key methods of science: naturalistic observation which involves non-intrusively observing populations without influencing them; correlational approaches which relate variables mathematically without implying causation; experimental methods which test hypotheses using experimental and control groups; and operational definitions which clearly define variables. It also discusses independent and dependent variables, confounds, validity, reliability, and the scientific attitude which values falsification, testability, skepticism, and parsimony.
Psyc 321_01 what is science
This document discusses different aspects of science as a way of knowing. It explains that science involves observing phenomena to develop facts, and emphasizes doubt and questioning existing beliefs. While science is a powerful way to evaluate knowledge, it also discusses other ways of knowing like tenacity, authority, reason, and common sense. The document then outlines different scientific approaches like naturalistic observation, correlation, experimentation, post-hoc analysis, and qualitative and quantitative methods. Overall, it provides an overview of what science is and different methodologies used.
324 12 2 special topics timing
This document discusses timing in human learning. It defines timing as identifying when time has passed and responding differently. It describes techniques for studying timing, including duration estimation tasks and peak procedures. The peak procedure demonstrates how introducing a break in the stimulus shifts the peak of responding. Finally, the document outlines cognitive and behavioral theories of timing, such as scalar expectancy theory involving a pacemaker, switch and accumulator, and theories involving adjunctive waiting behaviors.
324 12 part 1 special topics food caching
The document discusses food caching behavior in Clark's nutcracker birds. The birds store over 33,000 seeds in thousands of caches and are able to recover the caches in the winter. Food caching is only useful if the birds can remember where the caches are located. Research shows the birds do not search randomly or rely on typical locations, smells, or visual cues when recovering caches. Their caching and recovery abilities suggest the birds may have episodic memory, allowing them to remember detailed episodes of what items were cached, where, and when.
324 09 avoidance
This document discusses discriminated avoidance learning in humans and animals. It describes how a warning signal prompts an avoidance response to prevent or remove an aversive stimulus. The dominant two-process theory explains that classical conditioning creates a fear response to the warning signal, and operant conditioning reinforces the avoidance response because it reduces this fear. The avoidance response is maintained because it allows escape from the conditioned fear response, not because it directly prevents the aversive stimulus.
324 7 part 2 extinction
The document discusses different aspects of extinction in human learning, including renewal where a response can reemerge in a new context, reinstatement where presenting the unconditioned stimulus can cause relearning, and ways to reduce recovery of the extinguished response such as using multiple extinction trials close together or presenting extinction cues in different contexts. It also notes that extinction is not permanent and does not completely erase the association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
324 05 part 2.3 schedules of reinforcement
This document discusses different types of schedules of reinforcement used in human learning experiments, including multiple schedules, mixed schedules, chained schedules, concurrent schedules, and cooperative schedules. Multiple schedules alternate between two simple schedules signaled by different stimuli. Mixed schedules are similar but lack distinct stimuli. Chained schedules deliver reinforcement upon completion of a series of component schedules. Concurrent schedules make two or more schedules available simultaneously. Cooperative schedules require coordinated responses from two organisms to receive reinforcement.
324 04 part 1.2 operant conditioning foundations
This document discusses the foundations of operant conditioning. It describes the different types of reinforcement including positive and negative reinforcement, and the different types of punishment including positive and negative punishment. A contingency table shows how behavior is increased or decreased based on whether a stimulus is added or removed. Conditioned and generalized reinforcers are introduced. The three-term contingency of a discriminative stimulus, behavior, and consequence is explained. Complex behaviors are formed from these basic processes combined with an individual's history of reinforcement.
More from Ryan Sain (20)
Recently uploaded
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
324 02 part 2 elicited behavior, habituation, sensitization
- 1. Human Learning Topic 2: The Most Basic Learning Part 2 CEDP 324 - Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1 3/29/2012
- 2. MAPs Modal Action Patterns Similar to reflexes but more complex Occur in a single species or related species Occur in nearly all members of the species to similar stimuli They change depending on the state of the organism Male stickleback fish CEDP 324 - Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 2 3/29/2012
- 3. MAPs Feeding behavior of the herring-gull Multiple MAPS working together Chick pecking – parent regurgitating What invokes the pecking? CEDP 324 - Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 3 3/29/2012
- 4. MAPs For the herring gulls Long, thin, moving object, pointed downward with a contrasting red patch at the tip. The other stimuli were irrelevant Sign stimulus Supernormal stimulus CEDP 324 - Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 4 3/29/2012
- 5. MAPs and humans PTSD CEDP 324 - Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 5 3/29/2012