The document contains diagrams illustrating economic concepts related to perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, marginal revenue, marginal cost, average total cost, profit maximization, and consumer and producer surplus across different market structures. Multiple diagrams show the progression of concepts, starting with the individual firm and moving to industry-level impacts in the long run. Key relationships summarized include marginal revenue equaling marginal cost at the profit-maximizing quantity for the firm.
This document discusses production costs and break even analysis. It explains that total costs are made up of fixed costs, which must be paid regardless of quantity, and variable costs, which increase with quantity. It provides an example of calculating break even quantity. Additionally, it examines the relationship between productivity, costs, and profits by looking at marginal and average productivity, costs, and profits as the number of nurses is increased. It recommends maximizing profits by producing at a quantity where marginal revenue exceeds marginal costs. Finally, it discusses different types of costs including fixed, variable, sunk, transaction, and opportunity costs as well as concepts like economies of scale and scope.
The document is a transcript of the song "Starry, Starry Night" by Don McLean that describes various paintings by Vincent Van Gogh. The song discusses Van Gogh's life struggles with mental illness and his desire to express himself through his paintings of nature, including starry nights, fields of grain and flowers. It suggests that although Van Gogh's love for his art was true, the world was not ready to understand him and his love for art ultimately led to his suicide.
101 lecture 19 earnings and discriminationGale Pooley
This document discusses earnings and discrimination in microeconomics. It covers the wage gap between groups and explores possible causes like education, experience, and preferences. It defines economic discrimination as differences in outcomes due to irrelevant characteristics and notes that discrimination is an expensive phenomenon. The document also mentions compensating differentials, where higher pay is provided for more dangerous jobs, and provides statistics showing fishing and logging as the most dangerous professions in America according to Bureau of Labor statistics.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in real estate analysis including:
- The three real estate markets: user market, capital market, and property market.
- Different types of property rights like ownership estates such as fee simple absolute and leasehold estates.
- Non-possessory interests including easements, restrictive covenants, and liens.
- Co-ownership structures like tenancy in common, joint tenancy, and condominiums.
- How well-defined property rights provide incentives for wealth creation through activities like building and lending.
The genre is a coming-of-age drama set in a school and luxury apartment in London. The plot follows the main character Jennifer Taylor from her teenage years as an outsider in school through to her blossoming as an adult. Flashbacks show her experiences in school where she had a crush on her love interest Aaron Jones but wasn't good enough for him until she grew into herself. The film has a low budget and is aimed at women aged 16-50 who enjoy romance and comedy genres with happy endings.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y aumentos en el desempleo en 2020 debido a los bloqueos y otras medidas de contención. A medida que se implementan las vacunas, se espera que la actividad económica se recupere en 2021 aunque el panorama sigue siendo incierto.
This document discusses Nokia Mobile Phones' strategy for penetrating the Chinese market. It begins by providing context on trends in the global mobile phone industry and economy. China is highlighted as an important new growth market as first-mover markets saturate. Nokia has made significant investments in China through foreign direct investment and other means. The paper aims to analyze Nokia's strategic network in China and how it develops relationships considering cultural factors in the Chinese business context. Understanding Nokia's approach can provide insights into managing networks in transitioning markets.
This document discusses production costs and break even analysis. It explains that total costs are made up of fixed costs, which must be paid regardless of quantity, and variable costs, which increase with quantity. It provides an example of calculating break even quantity. Additionally, it examines the relationship between productivity, costs, and profits by looking at marginal and average productivity, costs, and profits as the number of nurses is increased. It recommends maximizing profits by producing at a quantity where marginal revenue exceeds marginal costs. Finally, it discusses different types of costs including fixed, variable, sunk, transaction, and opportunity costs as well as concepts like economies of scale and scope.
The document is a transcript of the song "Starry, Starry Night" by Don McLean that describes various paintings by Vincent Van Gogh. The song discusses Van Gogh's life struggles with mental illness and his desire to express himself through his paintings of nature, including starry nights, fields of grain and flowers. It suggests that although Van Gogh's love for his art was true, the world was not ready to understand him and his love for art ultimately led to his suicide.
101 lecture 19 earnings and discriminationGale Pooley
This document discusses earnings and discrimination in microeconomics. It covers the wage gap between groups and explores possible causes like education, experience, and preferences. It defines economic discrimination as differences in outcomes due to irrelevant characteristics and notes that discrimination is an expensive phenomenon. The document also mentions compensating differentials, where higher pay is provided for more dangerous jobs, and provides statistics showing fishing and logging as the most dangerous professions in America according to Bureau of Labor statistics.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in real estate analysis including:
- The three real estate markets: user market, capital market, and property market.
- Different types of property rights like ownership estates such as fee simple absolute and leasehold estates.
- Non-possessory interests including easements, restrictive covenants, and liens.
- Co-ownership structures like tenancy in common, joint tenancy, and condominiums.
- How well-defined property rights provide incentives for wealth creation through activities like building and lending.
The genre is a coming-of-age drama set in a school and luxury apartment in London. The plot follows the main character Jennifer Taylor from her teenage years as an outsider in school through to her blossoming as an adult. Flashbacks show her experiences in school where she had a crush on her love interest Aaron Jones but wasn't good enough for him until she grew into herself. The film has a low budget and is aimed at women aged 16-50 who enjoy romance and comedy genres with happy endings.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y aumentos en el desempleo en 2020 debido a los bloqueos y otras medidas de contención. A medida que se implementan las vacunas, se espera que la actividad económica se recupere en 2021 aunque el panorama sigue siendo incierto.
This document discusses Nokia Mobile Phones' strategy for penetrating the Chinese market. It begins by providing context on trends in the global mobile phone industry and economy. China is highlighted as an important new growth market as first-mover markets saturate. Nokia has made significant investments in China through foreign direct investment and other means. The paper aims to analyze Nokia's strategic network in China and how it develops relationships considering cultural factors in the Chinese business context. Understanding Nokia's approach can provide insights into managing networks in transitioning markets.
Presentatie Wim Betz (voorzitter SKEPP) tijdens het Skepsis congres 2013.
De wet Colla (1999) wilde 'ernstige alternatieve geneeswijzen' regelen. Onder druk van een minister en een lobby van homeopaten wordt 'homeopaat' nu een wettelijk erkende medische beroepstitel in België. Hoe kon het zover komen? Een insiderverslag.
The document discusses the production of a student film. It describes using a Zoom audio recorder to get clear voiceovers and emphasize sound effects. It discusses using different cameras - a Panasonic and JVC - and learning that they capture footage differently. It also covers editing the footage in Premiere Elements, including adding effects like speed ramps, and adjusting lighting with a fill light and reflector.
This real estate report for The Woodlands, Texas in November 2012 contains the following key information:
- Average and median sold home prices and average price per square foot fluctuated monthly from 2008 to 2012. Average days on market also varied each month.
- Unsold home inventory decreased from 2008 to 2012, with the lowest levels in October and November 2012.
- Homes placed under contract increased from January to March 2012 then declined through the rest of the year.
- In October 2012, the average home sold for $341,683 while the median was $274,708, indicating higher priced homes skewed the average upward.
A discussion to collect ideas and discuss the forthcoming new handout for the purpose of communicating our support with patients who do not use computers
Carl F is a Danish family-owned business that has supplied ironmongery to the Danish construction industry since 1881 and is now a global supplier of total solutions for the building industry; they offer sanitary panels that conceal a hand-dryer, waste-bin, and paper-dispenser behind elegant stainless steel surfaces in various sizes that can be mounted on walls and opened independently or together.
Medium access control (MAC) is the sublayer of the data link layer that coordinates use of a shared medium in wireless networks. It addresses problems like hidden and exposed terminals through techniques like carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA). Early MAC protocols like Aloha and slotted Aloha had low throughput due to collisions from lack of coordination, while later protocols use mechanisms like reservations, polling, and orthogonal codes to coordinate access and avoid collisions.
The document proposes a thriller film about a hitman, Alexander Solonik, who wants to take down the four employers who betrayed him. Solonik is a retired 37-year-old assassin who is composed and professional, having killed over 300 people during his career. The film would be produced by Mr. Whale Productions with a $1.35 million budget and distributed by Lions Gate subsidiary Momentum Pictures to support the British film industry. The opening scene would show one of Solonik's targets running from their pursuer to establish Solonik as a tactical hitman.
Google - How social technologies drive business successKantar
Senior managers are leading the adoption of social tools in businesses. They use social tools more frequently than junior employees and believe social tools will significantly impact businesses. Three-quarters of senior managers think social tools will change business strategy and have already helped bring together geographically dispersed teams, improve productivity, and find information faster. In contrast, junior employees are less convinced of social tools' impact on businesses.
The document proposes a slasher/mystery/thriller film set in the woods. It would feature stereotypical stock characters like victims, a psychopathic killer posing as trustworthy, and protagonists including a smart boy, a girl who can defend herself, and a police officer brother who saves the girl. The plot involves characters finding an injured body, a victim going missing, and the killer being discovered and killed in the third act with help from the smart boy and girl's trap.
The document discusses different market structures, including perfect competition and monopoly. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and maximize profits where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. A monopoly is dominated by a single seller and has barriers to entry that prevent competition. A monopoly faces a downward-sloping demand curve and must decide how much output to produce to maximize profits.
The document discusses four different market types: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It provides examples and diagrams to illustrate the differences between perfect competition and monopoly. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. A monopoly is a market with only one seller and significant barriers to entry. A monopoly chooses its profit-maximizing quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, resulting in a higher price and lower quantity than under perfect competition.
1. The document covers various microeconomics concepts including price elasticity of demand, production costs, profit maximization, market structures, and resource markets.
2. Key graphs show the relationships between marginal revenue and marginal cost in determining profit-maximizing output for different market structures like perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly.
3. Labor market graphs illustrate the equilibrium wage rate and employment level under conditions of perfect competition and monopsony.
The document provides an overview of market structures and firm behavior in microeconomics. It defines four main market models - pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. For each model, it discusses characteristics like number of firms, entry barriers, and pricing behavior. The document also covers concepts like profit maximization, costs of production, efficiency under perfect competition, and strategic pricing in oligopolistic markets.
The document discusses concepts related to microeconomics including monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and game theory. Monopolistic competition involves many firms with differentiated products where competition causes profits to disappear in the long run as demand curves flatten. Oligopoly is characterized by a small number of interdependent firms where complex strategies like collusion, dominant strategies, and Nash equilibriums are used. Game theory analyzes strategic interactions using rules, strategies, and payoffs.
The document discusses slides depicting perfect competition and a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market. It summarizes that as demand decreases in slides 6-9, the market price falls below the firm's average total cost, decreasing total revenue and causing the firm to operate at a loss by covering variable costs and some fixed costs. A further demand decrease in slides 10-13 drives price below average variable cost, resulting in greater losses. The firm will then shut down to minimize losses, though it remains obligated to fixed costs. Slides 14-30 include cost curves based on a production table.
This document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply. It begins by defining perfectly competitive markets and their key characteristics of price taking, product homogeneity, and free entry/exit. It then explains that firms seek to maximize profits in the long run. Using marginal revenue and marginal cost, it shows that firms maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, individual firms and industries will increase or decrease output in response to price changes until marginal cost again equals price at the new profit-maximizing quantity.
This document discusses monopoly and monopoly power. It begins by reviewing perfect competition and then defines monopoly as a market with one seller and many buyers of a unique product where there are barriers to entry. A monopolist maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The document provides examples of how a monopolist determines output and price. It also discusses how a monopolist may respond to shifts in demand and the effects of taxes. The document notes that multi-plant firms will equalize marginal costs across plants. While true monopoly is rare, oligopolistic markets can exhibit monopoly power if firms have downward sloping demand curves. The Lerner Index is introduced as a way to measure monopoly power.
Presentatie Wim Betz (voorzitter SKEPP) tijdens het Skepsis congres 2013.
De wet Colla (1999) wilde 'ernstige alternatieve geneeswijzen' regelen. Onder druk van een minister en een lobby van homeopaten wordt 'homeopaat' nu een wettelijk erkende medische beroepstitel in België. Hoe kon het zover komen? Een insiderverslag.
The document discusses the production of a student film. It describes using a Zoom audio recorder to get clear voiceovers and emphasize sound effects. It discusses using different cameras - a Panasonic and JVC - and learning that they capture footage differently. It also covers editing the footage in Premiere Elements, including adding effects like speed ramps, and adjusting lighting with a fill light and reflector.
This real estate report for The Woodlands, Texas in November 2012 contains the following key information:
- Average and median sold home prices and average price per square foot fluctuated monthly from 2008 to 2012. Average days on market also varied each month.
- Unsold home inventory decreased from 2008 to 2012, with the lowest levels in October and November 2012.
- Homes placed under contract increased from January to March 2012 then declined through the rest of the year.
- In October 2012, the average home sold for $341,683 while the median was $274,708, indicating higher priced homes skewed the average upward.
A discussion to collect ideas and discuss the forthcoming new handout for the purpose of communicating our support with patients who do not use computers
Carl F is a Danish family-owned business that has supplied ironmongery to the Danish construction industry since 1881 and is now a global supplier of total solutions for the building industry; they offer sanitary panels that conceal a hand-dryer, waste-bin, and paper-dispenser behind elegant stainless steel surfaces in various sizes that can be mounted on walls and opened independently or together.
Medium access control (MAC) is the sublayer of the data link layer that coordinates use of a shared medium in wireless networks. It addresses problems like hidden and exposed terminals through techniques like carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA). Early MAC protocols like Aloha and slotted Aloha had low throughput due to collisions from lack of coordination, while later protocols use mechanisms like reservations, polling, and orthogonal codes to coordinate access and avoid collisions.
The document proposes a thriller film about a hitman, Alexander Solonik, who wants to take down the four employers who betrayed him. Solonik is a retired 37-year-old assassin who is composed and professional, having killed over 300 people during his career. The film would be produced by Mr. Whale Productions with a $1.35 million budget and distributed by Lions Gate subsidiary Momentum Pictures to support the British film industry. The opening scene would show one of Solonik's targets running from their pursuer to establish Solonik as a tactical hitman.
Google - How social technologies drive business successKantar
Senior managers are leading the adoption of social tools in businesses. They use social tools more frequently than junior employees and believe social tools will significantly impact businesses. Three-quarters of senior managers think social tools will change business strategy and have already helped bring together geographically dispersed teams, improve productivity, and find information faster. In contrast, junior employees are less convinced of social tools' impact on businesses.
The document proposes a slasher/mystery/thriller film set in the woods. It would feature stereotypical stock characters like victims, a psychopathic killer posing as trustworthy, and protagonists including a smart boy, a girl who can defend herself, and a police officer brother who saves the girl. The plot involves characters finding an injured body, a victim going missing, and the killer being discovered and killed in the third act with help from the smart boy and girl's trap.
The document discusses different market structures, including perfect competition and monopoly. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and maximize profits where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. A monopoly is dominated by a single seller and has barriers to entry that prevent competition. A monopoly faces a downward-sloping demand curve and must decide how much output to produce to maximize profits.
The document discusses four different market types: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It provides examples and diagrams to illustrate the differences between perfect competition and monopoly. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. A monopoly is a market with only one seller and significant barriers to entry. A monopoly chooses its profit-maximizing quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, resulting in a higher price and lower quantity than under perfect competition.
1. The document covers various microeconomics concepts including price elasticity of demand, production costs, profit maximization, market structures, and resource markets.
2. Key graphs show the relationships between marginal revenue and marginal cost in determining profit-maximizing output for different market structures like perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly.
3. Labor market graphs illustrate the equilibrium wage rate and employment level under conditions of perfect competition and monopsony.
The document provides an overview of market structures and firm behavior in microeconomics. It defines four main market models - pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. For each model, it discusses characteristics like number of firms, entry barriers, and pricing behavior. The document also covers concepts like profit maximization, costs of production, efficiency under perfect competition, and strategic pricing in oligopolistic markets.
The document discusses concepts related to microeconomics including monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and game theory. Monopolistic competition involves many firms with differentiated products where competition causes profits to disappear in the long run as demand curves flatten. Oligopoly is characterized by a small number of interdependent firms where complex strategies like collusion, dominant strategies, and Nash equilibriums are used. Game theory analyzes strategic interactions using rules, strategies, and payoffs.
The document discusses slides depicting perfect competition and a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market. It summarizes that as demand decreases in slides 6-9, the market price falls below the firm's average total cost, decreasing total revenue and causing the firm to operate at a loss by covering variable costs and some fixed costs. A further demand decrease in slides 10-13 drives price below average variable cost, resulting in greater losses. The firm will then shut down to minimize losses, though it remains obligated to fixed costs. Slides 14-30 include cost curves based on a production table.
This document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply. It begins by defining perfectly competitive markets and their key characteristics of price taking, product homogeneity, and free entry/exit. It then explains that firms seek to maximize profits in the long run. Using marginal revenue and marginal cost, it shows that firms maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, individual firms and industries will increase or decrease output in response to price changes until marginal cost again equals price at the new profit-maximizing quantity.
This document discusses monopoly and monopoly power. It begins by reviewing perfect competition and then defines monopoly as a market with one seller and many buyers of a unique product where there are barriers to entry. A monopolist maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The document provides examples of how a monopolist determines output and price. It also discusses how a monopolist may respond to shifts in demand and the effects of taxes. The document notes that multi-plant firms will equalize marginal costs across plants. While true monopoly is rare, oligopolistic markets can exhibit monopoly power if firms have downward sloping demand curves. The Lerner Index is introduced as a way to measure monopoly power.
Perfect competition is an ideal market structure where many small firms produce identical goods, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and both buyers and sellers have perfect information. Under perfect competition in the long run, firms earn zero economic profit and both allocative and productive efficiency are achieved as price equals marginal cost and firms produce at minimum average total cost.
1) The document discusses different market structures including perfect competition and monopoly.
2) Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and can only earn normal profits in the long run. A monopoly has market power to set prices and can earn supernormal profits.
3) A monopoly will choose to produce a lower quantity at a higher price than under perfect competition, resulting in lower output but higher profits for the monopoly.
This document discusses the concept of profit maximization under perfect competition. It defines profit maximization as a tendency of firms to maximize profits in the short or long run by equalizing marginal costs and revenues. Under perfect competition, all firms are price takers and cannot influence market prices. The characteristics of a perfectly competitive market include numerous buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. The document then provides examples of revenue, cost, profit and breakeven analysis using tables and graphs to illustrate the market equilibrium for a perfectly competitive firm.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Now summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]
Collusion in oligopoly refers to
The document discusses product and factor markets. It defines a product market as an arrangement for buying and selling commodities, such as cotton, rice, and gold markets. A factor market involves transactions of factors of production like labor, land, and capital. The document also discusses different types of markets based on criteria like area, nature of transactions, volume of business, and market structure. It provides details on perfect competition, including characteristics like many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, free entry and exit. Firms in perfect competition are price takers and maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
This document provides an overview of microeconomics concepts including the four main market types: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It then focuses on perfect competition and monopoly. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and sell at the market price. A monopoly is dominated by a single seller who controls supply and can influence the price. The monopoly output is lower and price higher than under perfect competition.
The document defines and explains the characteristics of perfect competition. It states that a perfectly competitive market has many small firms, identical products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Firms are price takers and the industry supply and demand curve determines price. The individual firm's demand curve is perfectly elastic and it will produce where price equals marginal cost. In the short run, firms can experience super-normal profits, normal profits, losses or exit the market if average costs exceed average revenue. In long run equilibrium, firms earn only normal profits.
This document contains information about various microeconomics topics including monopoly, price discrimination, marginal cost, marginal revenue, and oligopoly. It discusses concepts such as perfect competition, monopolistic competition, prisoner's dilemma, game theory, and the five competitive forces that determine industry competition and profitability. Several examples of costs, revenues, and demand curves are provided.
The document discusses monopoly in the short run. It defines monopoly as a market with a single seller and no substitutes for the good. It notes key characteristics of monopoly include: one firm controls the industry; goods have no substitutes; there is no freedom of entry or exit; and the firm determines price. The document discusses how a monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve and can influence price or quantity but not both. It provides examples of how to calculate total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue from demand. It also discusses the relationships between demand, marginal revenue, and average revenue curves. Equilibrium for the monopoly occurs where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, and it can result in super normal profit, normal profit, losses or
1. The document discusses market structures and pure monopoly. A pure monopoly is characterized by a single seller, no close substitutes, price making ability, and blocked entry from competitors.
2. Barriers to entry for competitors of a pure monopoly include economies of scale, legal protections like patents, and control of essential resources. A natural monopoly exists when average total costs decline continuously with increasing output.
3. Under pure monopoly, the profit-maximizing firm will produce at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price determined by the demand curve. This results in a higher price and lower quantity than under perfect competition.
This chapter discusses perfect competition and profit maximization in perfect competition. It contains the following key points:
1. Under perfect competition, there are many small firms and buyers/sellers, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Firms are price takers and maximize profits by producing where MR=MC.
2. In the short run, firms will shut down if P<AVC or operate to minimize losses if ATC>P>AVC. In the long run, zero economic profits are achieved through free entry and exit of firms.
3. External changes like shifting demand curves or new technology can impact market equilibrium prices and quantities in the short and long run through adjustments to
This chapter discusses perfect competition and profit maximization in competitive markets. It contains the following key points:
1. Under perfect competition, there are many small firms and buyers/sellers, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Firms are price takers and maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
2. In the short run, firms will shut down if price falls below average variable cost or operate at a loss if price is between average variable and average total cost. In the long run, zero economic profits are achieved through free entry and exit of firms.
3. External changes like shifting demand curves or new technology can impact market equilibrium price and quantity in both the
Units States Economic History Lecture 15Gale Pooley
This document outlines the key periods in the economic history of the United States from 1776 to the present. It discusses 12 major eras, including the triumph of capitalism from 1865 to 1914 which saw major innovations but also financial panics, as well as the Golden Age of growth from 1945 to 1970 following World War II and the stagflation period of the 1970s. The document provides an overview of the major economic and historical events that defined and impacted different periods of American economic development.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 9Gale Pooley
This document provides a summary of the economic history of the United States, focusing on the development of the petroleum industry:
1) Whale oil was originally used for lighting, but demand increased as whale populations declined, causing prices to rise and spurring the search for alternatives like petroleum.
2) Samuel Kier discovered oil as a byproduct in a Pennsylvania salt mine in the 1840s, leading George Bissell and Benjamin Sillman to experiment with distilling petroleum into useful products like kerosene.
3) In 1859, Colonel Drake drilled the first successful oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, launching the American petroleum industry and leading to the development of key petroleum
Econ 1740 Economic History of the U.S. Lecture 7Gale Pooley
This document summarizes key topics in economic history and innovation. It discusses major US land acquisitions between 1784-1867 and the dramatic growth in land area. It also profiles Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, pioneers in telecommunications and electricity. Additionally, it outlines the different "capitals" that drive innovation, including physical, human, intellectual, and financial capital, as well as the roles of inventors, entrepreneurs, and free markets in bringing inventions to market as innovations.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 4Gale Pooley
This document appears to be lecture notes on the economic history of the United States. It includes the following sections: a practice quiz with 3 questions; instructions for a midterm essay assignment; a list of dates, places, and industries; and sections discussing various types of capital including wealth, cultural capital, idea capital, physical capital, human capital, and intellectual capital. Key terms like entrepreneurship, free markets, innovations, property rights, and rule of law are also mentioned in relation to the country's economic development over time.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 4Gale Pooley
This document discusses the economic history of the United States and capitalism in America. It introduces some practice quiz questions about innovators, themes, and early American energy resources. It also discusses different types of capital like physical, human, intellectual, and financial capital. Cultural capital is defined as how people treat each other and is determined by the worldview of leaders, which includes political, legal, and economic factors. Property rights and the rule of law are also mentioned.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 2Gale Pooley
The document discusses markets and how they function. A market is where buyers and sellers can discover value by finding someone better at solving a problem. For a trade to occur, the buyer and seller must have overlapping value ranges at a single agreed upon price. The world has seen tremendous economic growth over the past 200 years as population and life expectancy have increased many times over while per capita income has risen by a factor of over 16. Markets convey information through prices more so than just reporting quantities. Shanghai has rapidly developed from 1990 to 2013.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 1Gale Pooley
This document contains the syllabus and introductory lecture slides for an economics history course taught by Dr. Gale Pooley. The course will cover the economic history of the United States through readings, writing assignments, quizzes and exams. Key concepts that will be discussed include the finite nature of resources requiring correction through innovation and knowledge, with economics defined as the study of how human beings create value through discovering knowledge. A timeline of economic growth from 1 AD to the present day is also included.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 3Gale Pooley
The document discusses key inventions and their impacts on the U.S. economy from 1793 to 2012. It notes Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 increased cotton productivity 50 times. Samuel Morse's telegraph in 1844 connected Washington D.C. It also shows U.S. farmers made up 90% of employment in 1800 but just 2% by 2012, as technology like gasoline engines replaced manual farm labor.
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory FrameworksAny kyc Account
This presentation explores the pivotal role of KYC compliance in shaping and enforcing global regulations within the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies. Dive into the intricate connection between KYC practices and the evolving legal frameworks governing the crypto industry.
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
The Impact of Generative AI and 4th Industrial RevolutionPaolo Maresca
This infographic explores the transformative power of Generative AI, a key driver of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Discover how Generative AI is revolutionizing industries, accelerating innovation, and shaping the future of work.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Confirmation of Payee (CoP) is a vital security measure adopted by financial institutions and payment service providers. Its core purpose is to confirm that the recipient’s name matches the information provided by the sender during a banking transaction, ensuring that funds are transferred to the correct payment account.
Confirmation of Payee was built to tackle the increasing numbers of APP Fraud and in the landscape of UK banking, the spectre of APP fraud looms large. In 2022, over £1.2 billion was stolen by fraudsters through authorised and unauthorised fraud, equivalent to more than £2,300 every minute. This statistic emphasises the urgent need for robust security measures like CoP. While over £1.2 billion was stolen through fraud in 2022, there was an eight per cent reduction compared to 2021 which highlights the positive outcomes obtained from the implementation of Confirmation of Payee. The number of fraud cases across the UK also decreased by four per cent to nearly three million cases during the same period; latest statistics from UK Finance.
In essence, Confirmation of Payee plays a pivotal role in digital banking, guaranteeing the flawless execution of banking transactions. It stands as a guardian against fraud and misallocation, demonstrating the commitment of financial institutions to safeguard their clients’ assets. The next time you engage in a banking transaction, remember the invaluable role of CoP in ensuring the security of your financial interests.
For more details, you can visit https://technoxander.com.
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
3. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
4. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
5. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
6. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
7. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
8. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
9. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
10. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
11. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
12. Quiz 8 Name_____________ ID ________
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
D
MC
MR
ATC
Profit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. What Q will maximize profits?
2. What is total revenue?
3. What is profit?
19. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
20. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
21. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
Total Revenue
22. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
Total Revenue
23. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
Total Revenue
24. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
Total Revenue
25. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
Total Revenue
26. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
Total Cost
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
27. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
Total Cost
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
28. Q
P
Perfect Competition
Marginal Cost
MC Average Cost
ATC
Profit
Total Cost
$
Quantity
Demand=MR
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
38. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
39. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
40. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
41. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
42. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
43. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
44. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
45. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Demand
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
46. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
Profit
Demand
47. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
Profit
Demand
48. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
Profit
Demand
Consumer
Surplus
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
49. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
Profit
Demand
Consumer
Surplus
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
50. Monopoly
Marginal Cost
MC
Q
P
Average Cost
ATC
Marginal Revenue MR
Cost
$
Q
Profit
Demand
Deadweight
Loss
Consumer
Surplus
1. MR=MC?
2. TR= P x Q
3. TC=ATC x Q
4. Profit =TR-TC
or (P-ATC) x Q
56. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
57. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
ATC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
58. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
ATC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
59. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
ATC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
60. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
ATC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
61. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
Profit ATC
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
62. Q
$
Short Run
D
MR
MC
Profit ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
63. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
D
MR
MC
Profit ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Monopolistic Competition
64. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
D
MR
MC
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
65. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
66. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
67. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
68. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
69. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
70. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
QS
PS
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
71. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
72. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
73. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
74. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
75. Q
$
Short Run
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
High Price
Large Quantity
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Profit
Monopolistic Competition
76. Q
$
Short Run
High Price
Large Quantity
Long Run
MC
MR D
ATC
Lower Price
Lower Quantity
Profits disappear
in the long run
due to
competition
Q QS
PS
P
L
L
Demand Flattens
Profit
Monopolistic Competition
78. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
79. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
80. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
81. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
82. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
83. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
QSR
PSR
84. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
85. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
86. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
87. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
88. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
89. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Long Run
Demand
Long Run
Marginal
Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
90. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Long Run
Demand
Long Run
Marginal
Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
91. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Long Run
Demand
Long Run
Marginal
Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
92. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Long Run
Demand
Long Run
Marginal
Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
93. Q
$
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
Demand
Short Run
Marginal Revenue
Long Run
Demand
Long Run
Marginal
Revenue
Marginal
Costs
Average
Total
Costs
QSR
PSR
QLR
PLR
95. Perfect
Competition
Monopoly
Monopolistic
Competition
Oligopoly
Number of
Firms
Many One Many Few
Type of
Product
Identical Unique Brands Similar
Ease of Entry Easy Blocked Easy Hard
Demand D = MR D > MR Dynamic Game Theory
Examples
Commodities
Rice
Apples
Utilities
Government
Brands
Coke
Apple
STC-Mobily
HyperPanda
Danube
Pairs
102. Oligopoly
Don’t know Demand Curve
Don’t know Marginal Revenue curve
Don’t know where to find profit
maximization point
103. Eddie
Willie
Betrays
Silent
Willie
1 Year
Silent
Betrays
Eddie
1 Year
Eddie
Goes Free
Willie
10 Years
Willie
Goes Free
Eddie
10 Years
Willie
5 Years
Eddie
5 Years
Prisoner's
Dilemma