3.1 resp circulatory control and coordination

CHAPTER 3
SCIENCE QUEST 9

Compiled by: M Nortje Year 9 Science/2012 1

 3.1 Respiratory and circulatory systems p. 78 - 83
 3.2 Essential intake p. 84 - 90
 3.3 Digestion and excretory systems p. 91 - 96
 3.4 Getting the message p. 97 - 103
 3.5 Coordination and control p. 104 - 108
 3.6 Nervous system - fast control p. 109 - 112
 3.7 Endocrine system - slow control p. 113 - 117
 3.8 Living warehouse p. 118 - 122
 3.9 Getting back in control p. 123 - 125
 3.10 Relations diagrams and mind maps p. 126 -
127
Compiled by: M Nortje Year 9 Science 2

 Requirements for life: Example oxygen,

OUTCOME
nutrients, water and removal of waste.
 Provided through the coordinated function of
body systems such as:
 the respiratory,
 circulatory,
 digestive,
 nervous and
 excretory systems.


 Howbody systems work together to

OUTCOME
maintain a functioning body using
models, flow diagrams or simulations.

 Responses using nervous and endocrine
systems.


OUTCOME
 Multicellularorganisms rely on
coordinated and interdependent
internal systems to respond to changes
to their environment.

 Youare a multicellular organism made
up of a number of body systems that
work together to keep you alive.


 Your body systems are made up of ORGANS,
which are made up of TISSUES,
 which are made up OF PARTICULAR TYPES OF
CELLS.
 Your cells communicate with each other
using electrical impulses and chemicals such
as NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND HORMONES.
 The coordination of this communication is
essential so that the requirements of your
cells are met and a stable internal
environment is maintained.

BRAINSTORM!!!
What do you
know?
Group activity.


 Work in allocated group.
 Large sheet of butcher paper (to draw
body).
 Marker pens – various colours.
 One person lie on paper and other
students trace the body shape.
 Mark in the paper body the location,
size and shape of as many of the body
organs.


THINK!!!

 Use the diagram to show what you
THINK happens to water, solid food and
air after each has entered the body.

 Discusshow organs that are involved in
doing the same job work together.

DISCUSS......


MAIN ORGANS IN
NAME OF SYSTEM MAIN FUNCTIONS
THE SYSTEM
Di

Re
Bl
Also known Ci
Ex

Se

Ne

Mu - Sk

Re

 Carries oxygen around the body?
 Brings about movement in humans?
 Support the body?
 Conduct messages from one part of the
body to another?
 Binds tissues together?
 Lines an human body cavity?


 How do we get oxygen into our body?

 What gas do we breath out our body?

 Throughwhat systems do you think this
processes are possible?


GOBLET CELL
Goblet cells aGOBLET CELL
Goblet cells are shaped like wine
glasses, as the name suggest. They
make mucus to lubricate and help
and protect our intestines, stomach
and windpipe
re shaped like wine glasses, as the
name suggest. They make mucus to
lubricate and help and protect our
intestines, stomach and windpipe

M Nortje 15

 www.sciencequiz.net

 RED BLOOD CELLS

 Lots of Nucleus→ packed
with oxygen carrying protein
haemoglobin.
 Shaped like biconcave discs –
for large surface area for
www.faculty.college-prep.org diffusion .
M Nortje 16

 Cells do not float around on their own in the
body.
 The same type of cells grouped together –
called TISSUE.
 Tissue can consist of one type of cell or two
to three type of mixed cells together.
 The group of cells perform a particular job.

 Names of tissues:
 Epithelial, connective, skeletal, blood, nerve
and muscle.


 Tissues are combined to form organs.
 An organ is a complex structure which
has a particular job to do.
 Some organs only perform one job –
e.g. The heart pump blood around the
body.
 Others do more than one job – e.g.
Kidneys get rid of poisonous waste
substances and control the amount of
water in the body.
 The liver do 500 jobs.

 Different organs work together to carry out
several tasks.
 These group of organs belong to a SYSTEM.
 Names of systems:
 Digestive
 Respiratory
 Blood(circulatory)
 Excretory
 Sensory
 Nervous
 Musculo – skeletal
 Reproductive


MAIN ORGANS IN THE
NAME OF SYSTEM MAIN FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM
Gut, liver, pancreas and
Digestive Digest and absorb food
gall bladder
Take in oxygen and get rid of
Respiratory Windpipe and lungs
carbon dioxide
Blood Carry oxygen and food
Heart and blood vessels
Also known Circulatory around the body
Kidneys, bladder and Get rid of poisonous waste
Excretory
liver substances

Sensory Eyes, ears and nose Detect stimuli

Conduct messages from one
Nervous Brain and spinal cord
part of the body to another

Musculo - Skeletal Muscles and skeleton Support and move the body

Reproductive Testes and ovaries Produce offspring

• A body system is made up of a group of
organs all working together to perform a
particular function.
 For example, humans possess a circulatory
system.
• The function of the circulatory system is to
move materials through the body.
• Carry oxygen and food around the body
• It consists of the organs heart, blood vessels
and the blood.
M Nortje 21

ALL IMAGES USED AND NOT REFERENCED
ARE FROM SCIENCE QUEST 9


a. supply to your cells
b. remove from your cells.

OXYGEN = O2

CARBON DIOXIDE = CO2
(respiratory
system, circulatory
system and cells)

 Your circulatory and respiratory systems work
together to provide your cells with oxygen
which is essential for cellular respiration.
 This process involves the breaking down of
glucose so that energy is released in a form
that your cells can then use.
 Cellular respiration equation:
 Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste
product and then need to be REMOVED from
your cells or it would cause damage or death
to the cells.

 www.sciencequiz.net
 RED BLOOD CELLS

 Lots of Nucleus→ packed with
oxygen carrying protein
haemoglobin.
 Shaped like biconcave discs –
for large surface area for
www.faculty.college-prep.org diffusion

M Nortje 26

 Glucose+ oxygen → carbon dioxide + water +
energy (ATP)


 Respiratory system get oxygen into your body
and carbon dioxide out.
 This occurs when you INHALE (breathe in)
and EXHALE (breathe out).


 Breathingin, take in a mixture of gases (of
which about 21 per cent is oxygen) from the
air around you.

 The air moves down your trachea (or
windpipe).
 Then down into one of two narrower tubes
called bronchi (bronchus).
 Then into smaller branching tubes called
bronchioles which end in tiny air sacs called
alveoli (alveolus).

 Yourcirculatory system is
responsible for transporting oxygen
and nutrients to your body's
cells, and wastes such as carbon
dioxide away from them.

 Thisinvolves blood cells that are
transported in your blood vessels
and heart.

Arteries transport blood to the
heart.

Capillaries,
in which materials
are exchanged with cells.

Veins which transport blood
back to the heart.

 Your alveoli are surrounded by a network of
capillaries.
 These capillaries contain red blood cells (or
erythrocytes) that contain haemoglobin, an
iron-based pigment that gives your blood its
red colour.
 Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the red
blood cells in the surrounding capillaries and
binds to the haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin.
 It is in this form that the oxygen is transported
to your body cells.

http://home.gwu.edu/~olacey/Circulator
y%20Home.htm


 http://yr8science2011.wikispaces.com/Chris
tinam


 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzb9Pcci
BsQ

<iframe width="420" height="315"
src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Lz
b9PcciBsQ?rel=0" frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>


O2
Compiled by: M Nortje Year 9 Science 41 +

 Oxygenatedblood travels from your lungs via
the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of your
heart.

 Then it travels to the left ventricle where it
is pumped under high pressure to your body
through a large artery called the aorta.

 The arteries transport the oxygenated blood
to smaller vessels called arterioles and
finally to capillaries through which oxygen
finally diffuses into body cells for use in
cellular respiration


 When oxygen has diffused into the cell and
the waste product of cellular
respiration, carbon dioxide, has diffused out
of the cell into the capillary, the blood in the
capillary is referred to as deoxygenated
blood.

 Thiswaste-carrying blood is transported via
capillaries to venules (small veins) to large
veins called vena cava, then to the right
atrium of your heart.


 From here it travels to the right ventricle
where it is pumped to your lungs through the
pulmonary artery, so called because it is
associated with your lungs.

 Thepulmonary artery is the only artery that
does not contain oxygenated blood.


 Carbon dioxide from the deoxygenated blood
in your capillaries diffuses into the alveoli in
your lungs.

 It is then transported into your
bronchioles, then your bronchi, and then into
your trachea.

 From here, carbon dioxide is exhaled
through your nose (or mouth) when you
breathe out.

 Heart
 Blood vessels
 Blood

Blood travel through vessels:
 3 MAJOR TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins


 Yourbody systems do not work in isolation.
They work together to supply your cells with
nutrients and to remove waste products
that may otherwise be harmful.

 The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
described here is merely an outline of the
process.
 It is actually much more complex and is
regulated by your nervous and endocrine
system.

 CLAUDIUS GALEN (c.129–c.199 AD)
 Observation on animal dissections
 Heart is made up of 2 chambers
 Blood was made by liver → right chamber
→left chamber →transported by arteries to
body organs
 ANDREAS VESALIUS (1514–1564)
 Human Body dissection , surgery a profession
 WILLIAM HARVEY (1578–1657)
 Heart and blood circulatory system


 3.2 UNDERSTANDING AND INQUIRING:
 p. 89 - 90
 REMEMBER
 THINK AND INVESTIGATE


THINK AND DISCUSS P. 83
Group activity – Revising Content


a) the right atrium and left atrium of
the heart
b) the right ventricle and left ventricle
of the heart
c) the left atrium and left ventricle of
the heart
d) oxygenated blood and deoxygenated
blood
e) arteries and veins

e) arteries and veins
f) oxygen and carbon dioxide
g) the pulmonary artery and pulmonary
vein
h) the aorta and vena cava.


 7.Find out more about the structure and
function of either the circulatory or
respiratory system and create a model that
helps you to explain why the system is so
important to survival.
 11. Find examples of scientific research on either
the circulatory or respiratory system.
 Create a poster, PowerPoint presentation or
podcast on the research that interests you most
and present your findings to the class.


 12. Use the internet to identify problems relating
to either the circulatory or respiratory system.
 Select one of these problems and construct a
model or animation to demonstrate its effect on
normal body function.


3.1 resp circulatory control and coordination

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