The document provides information about the role of Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). It discusses how MSPs are elected to represent constituencies or regions. It describes the main activities MSPs undertake, including representing constituents, debating and voting on laws in Parliament, asking questions of government ministers, and sitting on committees. It gives examples of the types of questions asked at First Minister's Question Time and the work of the Justice and Economy, Energy, and Tourism Committees. It also outlines tasks MSPs complete in their constituencies, such as attending meetings, visits, and surgeries to meet with constituents.
The Scottish Parliament has devolved powers over areas like health, education, local government, and the environment. Reserved powers remain with the UK Parliament, such as defense, foreign affairs, and fiscal policy. Conflict can arise between the parliaments due to this split of powers, such as over the release of the Lockerbie bomber and the timing and question of an independence referendum. The Scottish Parliament is made up of 129 members who are democratically elected every four years to make laws for Scotland in devolved areas.
Political parties in Scotland aim to win seats in Parliament by gaining public support for their visions of how the country should be run. The four main parties are the Scottish National Party (SNP), Labour Party, Conservative Party, and Liberal Democrat Party. The SNP currently holds the most power, having won a majority in the 2011 Scottish election. Each party publishes a manifesto outlining its unique policies on issues like education, the economy, and the environment to differentiate their visions for Scotland.
Local government in Scotland is organized into 32 single-tier councils. Councils provide both mandatory services like education and social work, as well as discretionary services like leisure facilities. Councils are funded primarily through central government grants, as well as council tax payments and facility usage fees. The money is spent on key areas like education, housing, and social work.
The document outlines topics related to government and politics in Scotland, including the powers of the Scottish Parliament and representation by MSPs and councillors, the main political parties in Scotland and their policies and campaign methods, and the voting systems used for the Scottish Parliament and local councils. It also discusses participation in the political process and influence through pressure groups and trade unions.
Laws are created by governments to define what actions constitute crimes and maintain order for society. In the UK, Members of Parliament make laws that apply nationwide, while the Scottish Parliament can make laws on devolved matters like health, education, and housing, leading to some differences between Scots and English law. Citizens have democratic means to influence the political process and lobby for changes to the law through pressure groups on issues like euthanasia and gun control.
Pressure groups use several legal methods to advocate for their causes, including letter writing campaigns, petitions, demonstrations, lobbying, and media outreach. Letter writing campaigns involve thousands of individuals sending letters to decision-makers to raise awareness about an issue and put pressure on politicians. Successful petitions with hundreds of thousands of signatures are also difficult for officials to ignore. Pressure groups aim to raise public awareness, influence policymakers, apply pressure, and attract media attention through these coordinated grassroots efforts.
The document provides an overview of the British political system, including:
1. It describes the key elements of the British political system including the monarchy, government, parliament, and elections.
2. It explains some of the core aspects of the British style of democracy including the informal nature of politics and decision-making, as well as the relationship between individuals and the state.
3. It outlines the roles and functions of key political institutions like the House of Commons, House of Lords, cabinet, and prime minister.
The document summarizes how the UK Parliament works. It is made up of three parts: the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Monarch. Members of Parliament are elected by constituents to represent their local areas as either members of a political party or independents. The House of Lords is made up of both hereditary and life peers who review bills passed by the Commons. A general election determines the governing party whose leader will become Prime Minister and form the government.
The Scottish Parliament has devolved powers over areas like health, education, local government, and the environment. Reserved powers remain with the UK Parliament, such as defense, foreign affairs, and fiscal policy. Conflict can arise between the parliaments due to this split of powers, such as over the release of the Lockerbie bomber and the timing and question of an independence referendum. The Scottish Parliament is made up of 129 members who are democratically elected every four years to make laws for Scotland in devolved areas.
Political parties in Scotland aim to win seats in Parliament by gaining public support for their visions of how the country should be run. The four main parties are the Scottish National Party (SNP), Labour Party, Conservative Party, and Liberal Democrat Party. The SNP currently holds the most power, having won a majority in the 2011 Scottish election. Each party publishes a manifesto outlining its unique policies on issues like education, the economy, and the environment to differentiate their visions for Scotland.
Local government in Scotland is organized into 32 single-tier councils. Councils provide both mandatory services like education and social work, as well as discretionary services like leisure facilities. Councils are funded primarily through central government grants, as well as council tax payments and facility usage fees. The money is spent on key areas like education, housing, and social work.
The document outlines topics related to government and politics in Scotland, including the powers of the Scottish Parliament and representation by MSPs and councillors, the main political parties in Scotland and their policies and campaign methods, and the voting systems used for the Scottish Parliament and local councils. It also discusses participation in the political process and influence through pressure groups and trade unions.
Laws are created by governments to define what actions constitute crimes and maintain order for society. In the UK, Members of Parliament make laws that apply nationwide, while the Scottish Parliament can make laws on devolved matters like health, education, and housing, leading to some differences between Scots and English law. Citizens have democratic means to influence the political process and lobby for changes to the law through pressure groups on issues like euthanasia and gun control.
Pressure groups use several legal methods to advocate for their causes, including letter writing campaigns, petitions, demonstrations, lobbying, and media outreach. Letter writing campaigns involve thousands of individuals sending letters to decision-makers to raise awareness about an issue and put pressure on politicians. Successful petitions with hundreds of thousands of signatures are also difficult for officials to ignore. Pressure groups aim to raise public awareness, influence policymakers, apply pressure, and attract media attention through these coordinated grassroots efforts.
The document provides an overview of the British political system, including:
1. It describes the key elements of the British political system including the monarchy, government, parliament, and elections.
2. It explains some of the core aspects of the British style of democracy including the informal nature of politics and decision-making, as well as the relationship between individuals and the state.
3. It outlines the roles and functions of key political institutions like the House of Commons, House of Lords, cabinet, and prime minister.
The document summarizes how the UK Parliament works. It is made up of three parts: the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Monarch. Members of Parliament are elected by constituents to represent their local areas as either members of a political party or independents. The House of Lords is made up of both hereditary and life peers who review bills passed by the Commons. A general election determines the governing party whose leader will become Prime Minister and form the government.
This document provides information about a course on devolution taught by Dr. John Moffat. It includes learning outcomes, required readings, and a summary of the key debates around devolution. The summary discusses how devolution may improve economic welfare by boosting allocative efficiency and economic growth, but could also have negative impacts through problems like principal-agency issues and inter-regional competition. It then analyzes the economic powers and goals of the devolved governments in Wales and Scotland, and assesses whether devolution has positively impacted economic indicators in these nations.
- Devolution is the transfer of powers from central governments to subnational governments like the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly.
- The UK has experienced asymmetric devolution, with different powers devolved to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
- Devolution has led to new styles of politics in Scotland and Wales including multi-party coalitions and minority governments, as well as some policy divergence from England. It has also impacted intergovernmental relations and funding across the UK.
Brexit will have wide-ranging impacts on the UK's voluntary sector. The document outlines the political process of Brexit, including Theresa May's approach and the negotiations between the UK and EU. It also discusses potential regulatory changes affecting UK charities derived from EU law and various cross-cutting issues like employment, data protection, and VAT that will need to be addressed.
The document outlines the Scottish government's proposals for an independence referendum to be held in Scotland in 2014. It proposes a simple yes/no question: "Do you agree that Scotland should be an independent country?". It discusses setting the referendum according to established election rules to ensure fairness and transparency. The consultation paper seeks views on organizing the referendum and draft legislation before a bill is debated in the Scottish parliament in 2013. It aims to give the Scottish people a clear voice in their future while addressing any legal questions around the parliament's power to hold such a referendum.
The House of Commons is the lower house of the UK Parliament. It has 650 members who are elected by constituencies to represent the British people. The House of Commons holds significant power as it scrutinizes the government and approves legislation, with most bills needing the Commons' approval to pass. The prime minister and their cabinet are also responsible to the House of Commons, requiring its support to remain in power.
Scottish devolution and nationalism, Kenneth KellerSeth Dixon
The document discusses Scottish devolution and nationalism, specifically focusing on the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It provides background on devolution in Scotland since 1999, which decentralized governance and transferred some powers from the UK parliament to the Scottish parliament. The referendum question was "Should Scotland be an independent country?". The implications of a potential 'Yes' vote for independence are also examined, such as Scotland's relationship with the UK and EU, control over resources like oil, and other economic and political considerations. Uncertainty remains over various aspects of independence like currency, borders, and negotiations.
The document summarizes key aspects of the UK parliamentary system. It outlines that Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Commons has 650 MPs elected via first-past-the-post who scrutinize the government. The House of Lords has unelected hereditary peers and appointed life peers who revise legislation. Core functions of Parliament include legislation, scrutiny of the executive, and representation of constituencies.
Are you considering voting in the upcoming General Election?
Not sure who to vote for?
Totally uninterested?
If the answer is 'yes' to any of the above, then you should take a look at this handy slideshow!
In the first in a series of NCVO Brexit seminars in collaboration with UK in a Changing Europe, Thomas Leeper, associate professor in politics at the London School of Economics, explored the latest trends and insight into public attitudes to Brexit.
The document discusses various committees in the UK parliament. It outlines their strengths and weaknesses, such as departmental select committees having independence but limited research support. It also evaluates representation, accountability, scrutiny and other functions of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Recent reforms like the Backbench Business Committee and elected select committee chairs are mentioned, as well as proposals to reform the House of Lords.
The system of government in Britain consists of the monarchy, parliament, and civil service. The monarch is the head of state but has limited powers, while the prime minister and cabinet govern on behalf of the queen. Parliament, made up of the House of Commons and House of Lords, passes laws and oversees the government. It is led by the Speaker in the Commons. The civil service implements policies and is led by permanent secretaries. There are three main political parties that form governments: the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal parties.
The document provides information about British culture and government. It discusses the structure of the British government including the cabinet, prime minister, ministries and departments, and local government. It also covers the three main political parties in Britain - the Conservative Party, Labour Party, and Liberal Democrats. The civil service and its role is explained. Examples of key ministries and departments like the Treasury, Home Office, and Foreign Office are given.
As constitutional, parliamentary and electoral reformaquinaspolitics
The document discusses various electoral systems used in the UK, including majoritarian systems like FPTP and alternative vote (AV), proportional representation systems like party list and single transferable vote (STV), and hybrid systems like additional member system (AMS). It also examines the impact that electoral reform has had on different political parties in the UK and prospects for further reform.
The document discusses the implications of Brexit for charities in the UK. It provides updates on key Brexit milestones such as triggering Article 50 and agreeing to an implementation period. It outlines how the Office for Civil Society can help charities understand Brexit impacts. Brexit may affect EU funding for charities, freedom of movement for EU citizens working in the sector, and EU laws and regulations that charities operate under. The future is uncertain but the sector is encouraged to provide views to help shape policies on these issues.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK. It discusses where legislation comes from, including government bills introduced by ministers and private members' bills introduced by individual members. It also outlines the different types of legislation and how interested parties can influence the process, such as through consultation on government bills or raising the profile of an issue with a private members' bill. The legislative process involves bills passing through both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become an act of parliament.
The document discusses key differences between parliamentary and presidential systems of government. It then examines the concept of parliamentary sovereignty in the UK, noting that while Parliament is legally sovereign, in practice political sovereignty is less clear. It also explores several institutions like the European Union and devolution that have eroded parliamentary sovereignty. The document then analyzes parliamentary committees and significant reforms to the UK Parliament in the 20th century relating to the relationship between the Commons and Lords.
The document discusses parliamentary committees in the UK and their role in holding the government accountable. It explains that much of the work of parliament is done in committees, which examine issues in detail. In particular, it focuses on select committees, which scrutinize government departments and policies. Select committees can call witnesses and demand documents. While they potentially provide powerful oversight of the government, their effectiveness is limited by lack of resources and willingness to fully criticize the ruling party. The document analyzes arguments that select committees both enhance and hinder government accountability. Overall, it presents a nuanced view of the potential and limitations of parliamentary committees in the UK system.
The UK has a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. The Queen is head of state over England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and other Commonwealth realms. The UK government is directly accountable to Parliament, made up of the House of Commons. Scotland also has devolved powers to its own Scottish Parliament for issues like education and healthcare. Scotland will hold a referendum on September 18, 2014 to decide whether Scotland should become an independent country separate from the UK.
The document discusses various ways for people to participate in Scottish politics, including voting, joining a political party, participating in election campaigns, becoming a candidate, and signing or sending petitions. Voting is one of the most obvious ways and usually takes place every four to five years for the Scottish Parliament and local councils. People must register to vote and can do so at polling stations on election day or apply for a postal vote. Signing or sending petitions allows people to request action from the Scottish Parliament on issues and some petitions have led to changes in law or policy.
The document discusses different types of police departments that tackle specific aspects of crime. These include community police who work in a local area, a dog branch that uses dogs to search for drugs and bombs, an air support unit that uses helicopters, a criminal investigation department (CID) that investigates crimes like murder or theft, and forensics experts who examine crime scenes for evidence. The roles of the police include the power to detain, arrest, and charge criminals. They also patrol local areas to maintain law and order, gather evidence of crimes, and respond to emergencies.
The document discusses strategies to reduce crime related to road traffic offenses. It notes that there were over 10,000 vehicle accidents in Scotland in 2010. Current laws regarding driving and traffic are outlined, including requirements for licenses, insurance, and penalties for offenses like speeding, driving without insurance, drink driving, and using a mobile phone while driving. The UK government is considering changes like raising the driving age from 17 to 18, requiring more driving lessons, and banning passengers for new drivers late at night. Arguments for and against raising the driving age center on potentially reducing deaths but also limiting mobility for young people.
This document provides information about a course on devolution taught by Dr. John Moffat. It includes learning outcomes, required readings, and a summary of the key debates around devolution. The summary discusses how devolution may improve economic welfare by boosting allocative efficiency and economic growth, but could also have negative impacts through problems like principal-agency issues and inter-regional competition. It then analyzes the economic powers and goals of the devolved governments in Wales and Scotland, and assesses whether devolution has positively impacted economic indicators in these nations.
- Devolution is the transfer of powers from central governments to subnational governments like the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly.
- The UK has experienced asymmetric devolution, with different powers devolved to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
- Devolution has led to new styles of politics in Scotland and Wales including multi-party coalitions and minority governments, as well as some policy divergence from England. It has also impacted intergovernmental relations and funding across the UK.
Brexit will have wide-ranging impacts on the UK's voluntary sector. The document outlines the political process of Brexit, including Theresa May's approach and the negotiations between the UK and EU. It also discusses potential regulatory changes affecting UK charities derived from EU law and various cross-cutting issues like employment, data protection, and VAT that will need to be addressed.
The document outlines the Scottish government's proposals for an independence referendum to be held in Scotland in 2014. It proposes a simple yes/no question: "Do you agree that Scotland should be an independent country?". It discusses setting the referendum according to established election rules to ensure fairness and transparency. The consultation paper seeks views on organizing the referendum and draft legislation before a bill is debated in the Scottish parliament in 2013. It aims to give the Scottish people a clear voice in their future while addressing any legal questions around the parliament's power to hold such a referendum.
The House of Commons is the lower house of the UK Parliament. It has 650 members who are elected by constituencies to represent the British people. The House of Commons holds significant power as it scrutinizes the government and approves legislation, with most bills needing the Commons' approval to pass. The prime minister and their cabinet are also responsible to the House of Commons, requiring its support to remain in power.
Scottish devolution and nationalism, Kenneth KellerSeth Dixon
The document discusses Scottish devolution and nationalism, specifically focusing on the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It provides background on devolution in Scotland since 1999, which decentralized governance and transferred some powers from the UK parliament to the Scottish parliament. The referendum question was "Should Scotland be an independent country?". The implications of a potential 'Yes' vote for independence are also examined, such as Scotland's relationship with the UK and EU, control over resources like oil, and other economic and political considerations. Uncertainty remains over various aspects of independence like currency, borders, and negotiations.
The document summarizes key aspects of the UK parliamentary system. It outlines that Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Commons has 650 MPs elected via first-past-the-post who scrutinize the government. The House of Lords has unelected hereditary peers and appointed life peers who revise legislation. Core functions of Parliament include legislation, scrutiny of the executive, and representation of constituencies.
Are you considering voting in the upcoming General Election?
Not sure who to vote for?
Totally uninterested?
If the answer is 'yes' to any of the above, then you should take a look at this handy slideshow!
In the first in a series of NCVO Brexit seminars in collaboration with UK in a Changing Europe, Thomas Leeper, associate professor in politics at the London School of Economics, explored the latest trends and insight into public attitudes to Brexit.
The document discusses various committees in the UK parliament. It outlines their strengths and weaknesses, such as departmental select committees having independence but limited research support. It also evaluates representation, accountability, scrutiny and other functions of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Recent reforms like the Backbench Business Committee and elected select committee chairs are mentioned, as well as proposals to reform the House of Lords.
The system of government in Britain consists of the monarchy, parliament, and civil service. The monarch is the head of state but has limited powers, while the prime minister and cabinet govern on behalf of the queen. Parliament, made up of the House of Commons and House of Lords, passes laws and oversees the government. It is led by the Speaker in the Commons. The civil service implements policies and is led by permanent secretaries. There are three main political parties that form governments: the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal parties.
The document provides information about British culture and government. It discusses the structure of the British government including the cabinet, prime minister, ministries and departments, and local government. It also covers the three main political parties in Britain - the Conservative Party, Labour Party, and Liberal Democrats. The civil service and its role is explained. Examples of key ministries and departments like the Treasury, Home Office, and Foreign Office are given.
As constitutional, parliamentary and electoral reformaquinaspolitics
The document discusses various electoral systems used in the UK, including majoritarian systems like FPTP and alternative vote (AV), proportional representation systems like party list and single transferable vote (STV), and hybrid systems like additional member system (AMS). It also examines the impact that electoral reform has had on different political parties in the UK and prospects for further reform.
The document discusses the implications of Brexit for charities in the UK. It provides updates on key Brexit milestones such as triggering Article 50 and agreeing to an implementation period. It outlines how the Office for Civil Society can help charities understand Brexit impacts. Brexit may affect EU funding for charities, freedom of movement for EU citizens working in the sector, and EU laws and regulations that charities operate under. The future is uncertain but the sector is encouraged to provide views to help shape policies on these issues.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK. It discusses where legislation comes from, including government bills introduced by ministers and private members' bills introduced by individual members. It also outlines the different types of legislation and how interested parties can influence the process, such as through consultation on government bills or raising the profile of an issue with a private members' bill. The legislative process involves bills passing through both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become an act of parliament.
The document discusses key differences between parliamentary and presidential systems of government. It then examines the concept of parliamentary sovereignty in the UK, noting that while Parliament is legally sovereign, in practice political sovereignty is less clear. It also explores several institutions like the European Union and devolution that have eroded parliamentary sovereignty. The document then analyzes parliamentary committees and significant reforms to the UK Parliament in the 20th century relating to the relationship between the Commons and Lords.
The document discusses parliamentary committees in the UK and their role in holding the government accountable. It explains that much of the work of parliament is done in committees, which examine issues in detail. In particular, it focuses on select committees, which scrutinize government departments and policies. Select committees can call witnesses and demand documents. While they potentially provide powerful oversight of the government, their effectiveness is limited by lack of resources and willingness to fully criticize the ruling party. The document analyzes arguments that select committees both enhance and hinder government accountability. Overall, it presents a nuanced view of the potential and limitations of parliamentary committees in the UK system.
The UK has a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. The Queen is head of state over England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and other Commonwealth realms. The UK government is directly accountable to Parliament, made up of the House of Commons. Scotland also has devolved powers to its own Scottish Parliament for issues like education and healthcare. Scotland will hold a referendum on September 18, 2014 to decide whether Scotland should become an independent country separate from the UK.
The document discusses various ways for people to participate in Scottish politics, including voting, joining a political party, participating in election campaigns, becoming a candidate, and signing or sending petitions. Voting is one of the most obvious ways and usually takes place every four to five years for the Scottish Parliament and local councils. People must register to vote and can do so at polling stations on election day or apply for a postal vote. Signing or sending petitions allows people to request action from the Scottish Parliament on issues and some petitions have led to changes in law or policy.
The document discusses different types of police departments that tackle specific aspects of crime. These include community police who work in a local area, a dog branch that uses dogs to search for drugs and bombs, an air support unit that uses helicopters, a criminal investigation department (CID) that investigates crimes like murder or theft, and forensics experts who examine crime scenes for evidence. The roles of the police include the power to detain, arrest, and charge criminals. They also patrol local areas to maintain law and order, gather evidence of crimes, and respond to emergencies.
The document discusses strategies to reduce crime related to road traffic offenses. It notes that there were over 10,000 vehicle accidents in Scotland in 2010. Current laws regarding driving and traffic are outlined, including requirements for licenses, insurance, and penalties for offenses like speeding, driving without insurance, drink driving, and using a mobile phone while driving. The UK government is considering changes like raising the driving age from 17 to 18, requiring more driving lessons, and banning passengers for new drivers late at night. Arguments for and against raising the driving age center on potentially reducing deaths but also limiting mobility for young people.
Strategies to Reduce Crime through Alcohol Regulation
Current laws regulate the sale of alcohol to minors and intoxicated individuals. Proposed new laws aim to restrict multi-buy discounts and improve age verification. Raising the minimum alcohol purchase age to 21 could help reduce crimes, accidents, and health issues among younger people by limiting their access, but may also increase illegal and unsafe underage drinking. Holding a class debate on this issue could explore arguments on both sides.
The document discusses strategies to reduce crime through illegal drugs laws. It outlines the classification system for illegal drugs from Class A to C, with Class A drugs like cocaine and heroin carrying the most serious punishments. It also discusses some current drug laws and suggested changes, as well as the debate around cannabis being reclassified from a Class B to Class C drug and then back to Class B. The document provides arguments for and against legalizing cannabis and considers it is less harmful than alcohol and tobacco but that it may be a gateway drug and its strength has increased.
This document outlines various topics related to crime and the law, including types of crimes such as theft, fraud, assault, and murder. It also discusses potential causes of crime like poverty, social exclusion, and peer pressure, as well as the impact of crime on communities and victims. Finally, it mentions strategies for tackling crime through policing, drug/alcohol/traffic laws, details of the criminal justice system procedures and sentencing, custodial sentences, and the children's hearing system.
The document outlines several topics for revision about the USA including its type of government and how the state and federal parts work with the powers of the president and ways citizens participate in politics. It also discusses rights and responsibilities in the USA as well as arguments around immigration, government control of immigration, and social/economic issues affecting different ethnic groups like employment, wealth, health, education, housing, and crime/law plus government actions to address inequalities.
The document summarizes Scotland's criminal court system. It describes that Scotland has separate criminal courts from England and Wales dating back to the 170s. There are two types of criminal procedures - solemn for serious offenses tried by judge and jury, and summary for less serious offenses tried by sheriff alone. The majority (96%) of cases are dealt with via summary procedure. The different criminal courts in Scotland are also outlined, ranging from the High Court of Judiciary for most serious crimes to Justice of the Peace Courts for minor offenses.
The document outlines the rights and responsibilities of pressure groups. Pressure groups have the right to demonstrate, publicize their cause, contact politicians, and freely speak about their issues. However, they also have responsibilities to not break laws during demonstrations, tell the truth, not intimidate politicians, or verbally abuse others. Overall, the document discusses how pressure groups can advocate for their causes through certain rights but also must do so responsibly.
The US population was approximately 310 million in 2010, with most people identifying as white (66%), Hispanic (15.1%), black (12.9%), Asian (5.1%), or Native American (0.9%). The population is growing by around 1% each year, and is projected to reach 440 million by 2050, with 80% of that increase coming from new immigrants and their descendants. Hispanics currently make up the largest minority group but are expected to triple in size and comprise 29% of the population by 2050 based on current trends. It is also expected that 20% of Americans will be immigrants by 2050.
A pressure group is an organization made up of individuals who want to influence decision making on issues they are passionate about. Pressure groups form because representatives are sometimes unwilling or unable to listen to individuals, so groups feel they can have more success pressuring the government. Pressure groups vary greatly in size from local groups protesting a new development to large international organizations addressing global problems. They aim to influence policy but do not want to be in government themselves.
The Children’s Hearing System in Scotland deals with children in need as well as youth offenders. Children under 16 can only be prosecuted for serious crimes, otherwise cases are referred to the Children's Reporter who can call a hearing with the Children's Panel. The Panel is made up of volunteers from the community who make decisions in the child's best interests, such as having them continue living at home with supervision or placing them in alternative housing. Hearings aim to be informal and child-focused. The system is praised for addressing the needs of at-risk youth but has been criticized for being overburdened and slow.
This document discusses direct action, which is any illegal activity undertaken by a pressure group to further their cause. It provides examples of direct action taken by various groups, such as Fathers 4 Justice dressing up as Batman and protesting at Buckingham Palace, animal rights groups attacking laboratories, and anti-abortion groups threatening clinics in the US. The document also mentions anti-capitalist protesters causing violence and vandalism during the 2013 G8 summit in London. Pressure groups may feel direct action is necessary when they believe legal methods are not achieving enough. However, there are also arguments against taking illegal actions.
The document discusses the US Constitution and the system of government it establishes. It explains that the US has a written constitution and the Bill of Rights outlines citizens' rights and responsibilities. It also describes that the US has a federal system with both a national government and state governments. The federal government is split into three branches - the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches, which each have distinct roles in governing the country.
The United States spends more on healthcare as a percentage of GDP than other countries like the UK, Spain, and Japan, yet has many uninsured citizens. Around 46 million Americans lack health insurance due to factors like unemployment, lack of employer coverage, or existing illnesses. Hispanics have the highest uninsured rates at around 32%. The Affordable Care Act aimed to expand coverage, reduce costs, and make healthcare more equitable and accessible. However, there is ongoing debate around the appropriate role of government in healthcare and whether reform will reduce costs or freedom of choice as opponents argue it increases spending and control.
The document discusses immigration to the United States. It describes how the US is seen as the "land of opportunity" due to its wealth and culture portrayed globally through media. Millions immigrate to the US each year, both legally and illegally, to pursue greater economic opportunities and the "American Dream." Reasons for immigration include push factors from their home countries and pull factors attracting them to the US, such as job availability, higher wages, and freedom. Key areas driving immigration are the belief in success through hard work, capitalism fueling wealth, and American democratic values.
The document discusses types of crime in Scotland. It is broken into five groups - non-sexual violence, sexual offenses, crimes of dishonesty, vandalism, and other crimes - to allow the government to monitor trends. A case study on knife crime is provided, noting it is linked to gangs, alcohol culture, and has ruined many lives. Mandatory minimum sentences for knife crimes are debated.
The document discusses the impact of crime on victims, criminals, communities, and countries. It notes that crime can have social, financial, and physical impacts. Victims may experience loss of confidence, financial costs, and physical injuries. Criminals often face social isolation, difficulties finding employment, and health issues like drug addiction and mental illness. Communities with high crime rates can experience social problems, lack of economic opportunities, and run-down infrastructure. Countries bear large costs for police, courts, and prisons to address crime, while crime also negatively impacts public health and the environment.
The document provides an overview of the key institutions that make up Britain's government. It describes the monarchy, prime minister, cabinet, government departments, civil service, parliament which consists of the House of Commons and House of Lords, and local authorities. It explains the roles and responsibilities of each institution.
The document discusses the roles and functions of the UK Parliament. It is made up of three parts: the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Monarch. The House of Commons is the most powerful part and is composed of Members of Parliament elected by the public to represent constituencies. The House of Lords complements the work of the Commons by revising legislation and holding the government accountable. Together they work to pass laws and govern the country on behalf of citizens.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of different branches of government in the UK. It explains that the government is made up of the Prime Minister, government ministers, Members of Parliament, mayors, and local council members. The Prime Minister leads the ruling political party and makes important decisions. Ministers oversee government departments, while MPs represent local constituencies and vote on new laws. Mayors chair local councils and promote their communities. Council members work to improve local services and infrastructure.
The Scottish Parliament was re-established in 1999 after Scottish voters approved it in a 1997 referendum, ending nearly 300 years without a Scottish Parliament since the Acts of Union in 1707 merged Scotland with England. The Scottish Parliament has 129 members who are elected every 4 years through a proportional representation system. It has powers over matters in Scotland like health, education, and local government, while reserved powers like foreign affairs and defense remain with the UK Parliament in London.
The document discusses the roles and activities of the UK House of Commons. It describes how the House of Commons meets in the Palace of Westminster and is divided along party lines. Members of Parliament represent their constituents, propose and scrutinize legislation, and hold the government accountable through questioning. A typical work day involves oral questions to ministers, debates on bills and other issues, and select committee meetings. The House of Commons must also approve taxation and government spending.
The document outlines the structure and relationships between different parts of the UK government. It shows that citizens elect members of parliament, who then select a prime minister. The prime minister appoints ministers and forms a government. The government is made up of ministers and the civil service. The civil service delivers policy and services. Other public bodies and levels of government also have roles.
Canada's government consists of three branches: the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch implements laws, and the judicial branch applies laws. The legislative branch is Parliament, composed of the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch includes the Prime Minister and Cabinet who oversee government departments. The judicial branch, independent of Parliament, interprets laws through the court system headed by the Supreme Court of Canada.
The document provides guidance on lobbying local government councils. It discusses how supporters trusts can effectively lobby and put pressure on local councils to influence decisions that affect communities. The guide covers topics like long-term relationship building, reactive short-term campaigning, different types of councils and how they are structured, and the roles of local councillors versus council officers. It also provides information on national government websites for England, Scotland, and Wales that can provide relevant local government information.
The document discusses the roles and composition of the British Parliament. It explains that Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Monarch. It creates laws through legislation and debates proposed laws. Parliament also scrutinizes the work of the government and enables the government to raise taxes. The document provides details on hereditary peers in the House of Lords and reforms that removed most of them.
- Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Monarch. It makes laws through acts of parliament and scrutinizes the work of the government.
- Originally, the House of Lords had hereditary peers who inherited their title, but the Wakeham Commission reformed membership in 1999 to remove most hereditary peers.
- Parliament debates and passes laws, enables tax collection, and examines the government's work, policies, and use of its powers through questioning and investigations.
The document provides an overview of how Parliament works in the United Kingdom. It explains that Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Monarch. The House of Commons is elected and introduces new laws, while the House of Lords reviews legislation. It also outlines how citizens can get involved by contacting their MP or a member of the House of Lords.
The work of the house of lords politics review 2014mattbentley34
The document discusses the functions and work of the House of Lords. It outlines three main functions: making laws, scrutinizing the executive, and providing specialist knowledge and expertise. It describes the lawmaking process where bills are examined, amended, and passed between the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Lords also scrutinizes the government through questions, debates, and select committee reports. Peers bring a wide range of expertise from their professional backgrounds to debates and committees.
The document provides an overview of the UK Parliament, outlining its key components including the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Government. It describes the basic functions of Parliament such as making and passing laws, holding the Government to account, and enabling taxation. Diagrams and explanations show how Parliament and Government interact and the roles of each part in the lawmaking and democratic process.
The executive body of a country consists of the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, the Civil Service, and the Governor General. The Cabinet is comprised of the Prime Minister and selected ministers who meet weekly to discuss policies, laws, budgets, and other matters. Individual Cabinet members oversee responsibilities in their portfolio or ministry. The Prime Minister determines the Cabinet's composition and size, chooses members, and assigns responsibilities. The Civil Service serves as permanent government employees who implement the elected government's policies and serve citizens.
This document provides an overview of different levels of government in the UK, with a focus on central government and the House of Commons. It discusses that central government is responsible for issues affecting the entire nation, such as changes in law, taxation policy, and national budgets. The central government is called Parliament, consisting of the Monarch, House of Commons, and House of Lords. The House of Commons has around 646 elected MPs who represent constituencies and vote on legislation and policies. It plays key roles in making laws, controlling finances, scrutiny, and protecting individuals.
The document provides information on the European Union institutions and decision making processes, as well as tips for effective lobbying. It outlines the key EU bodies like the European Commission, European Parliament, and Council of the European Union. It also describes the Lisbon Treaty reforms and decision making procedures. Further, it discusses what lobbying is and provides examples of both effective and ineffective lobbying campaigns. Lastly, the document gives advice on how to be an effective lobbyist, including tips like being transparent, following up on commitments, and meeting with various stakeholders.
National 5 History assignment - writing the main sectionmrmarr
The document provides guidance on writing the main section of a paper using the FIDO method, which stands for Factor, Information, Debate, and Overall. According to FIDO, the main section should cover 3 issues by first introducing the factor, then describing at least 3 relevant facts including one source fact, explaining why the issue is important, and on one occasion explaining why the issue is not the most important before stating the factor's overall importance and reason.
National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusionmrmarr
The document provides guidance for writing a conclusion in 3 sections: (a) directly answering the question and stating the main reason or issue, (b) providing one piece of evidence to support the stated view, and (c) acknowledging other important factors while emphasizing the primary factor. The writer is also reminded to include at least two sources in their response.
SQA Advanced Higher History exam paper - 2023mrmarr
1) Kenneth MacAlpin's conquest of Pictland in the mid-9th century was an important step towards the formation of the kingdom of Alba by 900, though interpretations differ on his contributions. Sources C and D reveal differing views, with Source C seeing MacAlpin's dynasty as giving "added posthumous glory" to his conquest, while Source D emphasizes local Pictish resistance and that the tradition of MacAlpin killing Pictish nobles is "likely fictitious."
2) Sources A and B provide context on pre-Roman and Roman Northern Britain. Source A describes the lifestyle and organization of Iron Age peoples, though its usefulness is limited by being an outside account.
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
This document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It outlines general marking principles, such as using positive marking and awarding marks for relevant points made by candidates regardless of errors. It also provides specific guidance for marking different types of questions, including essays, source analysis questions, and questions comparing two sources. The marking criteria focus on assessing candidates' knowledge, analysis, evaluation of sources, and understanding of historiography.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' successmrmarr
The document discusses reasons for the success of many emigrant Scots in building new lives in other parts of the British Empire from 1830-1939. It states that Scots often succeeded due to factors like their nationality, English language abilities, education levels, reputation for hard work, skills in demanded fields, establishment of businesses and communities, and support from the British government and other Scots abroad. However, not all emigrant Scots found success, as some faced problems like poverty, unemployment, and loneliness in their new homes.
The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Unemploymentmrmarr
The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
Here are our Euro 2024 predictions for the group stages
Will England make it through the group stages?, Will Germany use the home advantage to full effect?
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Indian Premier League (IPL) ---2024.pptxrathinikunj60
The Indian Premier League (IPL) is one of the most prominent and lucrative Twenty20 (T20) cricket leagues in the world. Since its inception in 2008, the IPL has revolutionized the landscape of cricket by blending sports, entertainment, and commerce. This summary provides an overview of the IPL's history, structure, notable performances, controversies, and its impact on cricket and beyond.
History and Formation
The IPL was launched by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008, inspired by the success of domestic T20 leagues like the English T20 Cup and the now-defunct Indian Cricket League (ICL). Lalit Modi, the then Vice-President of BCCI, played a crucial role in conceptualizing and launching the league. The inaugural season kicked off in April 2008 with eight franchises representing different cities in India.
Structure and Format
The IPL follows a franchise-based model, where teams are owned by a mix of corporations, Bollywood stars, and other high-profile individuals. The league originally started with eight teams, although the number has fluctuated over the years due to various reasons including expansions and terminations. As of the latest seasons, the IPL features ten teams.
The tournament format includes a double round-robin stage, where each team plays the others twice, followed by playoffs. The top four teams from the round-robin stage qualify for the playoffs, which consist of two qualifiers, an eliminator, and the final. This format ensures a highly competitive and engaging tournament, culminating in a grand finale to crown the champion.
Teams and Their Evolution
The founding teams of the IPL were:
Chennai Super Kings (CSK)
Delhi Daredevils (now Delhi Capitals)
Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings)
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
Mumbai Indians (MI)
Rajasthan Royals (RR)
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)
Deccan Chargers (now defunct, replaced by Sunrisers Hyderabad)
Over the years, the league has seen new teams such as Pune Warriors India, Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Gujarat Lions, and Rising Pune Supergiant. The most recent additions are the Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, introduced in the 2022 season.
Iconic Players and Performances
The IPL has attracted the best talent from around the world, with numerous iconic players making significant contributions. Some of the standout performers include:
Sachin Tendulkar (MI): The "Little Master" brought his legendary status to the IPL, winning the Orange Cap (top run-scorer) in 2010.
Chris Gayle (RCB, KXIP): Known for his explosive batting, Gayle holds the record for the highest individual score in an IPL match (175*).
MS Dhoni (CSK): Dhoni's leadership has been instrumental in CSK's success, leading them to multiple titles.
AB de Villiers (RCB): Renowned for his innovative stroke play, de Villiers has been a consistent match-winner.
Virat Kohli (RCB): The highest run-scorer in IPL history, Kohli's batting prowess is unmatched.
La
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The Netherlands kicked off their Euro Cup 2024 campaign on Sunday against Poland but will have to navigate the tournament without two pivotal players Frenkie de Jong and Teun Koopmeiners
Playing this fast-paced game, you control a small cube that has to get through stages that get harder by avoiding spikes, obstacles, and dangerous gaps while keeping up a fast pace. Though, it's important to remember that Geometry Dash isn't a simple game to get good at. No matter what mistake you make, you will face a tough position and have to start at the beginning.
The sounds and sights in Geometry Dash are very interesting. Your attention will be drawn to the simple style and catchy melodies. While the game looks good, it's not just visually challenging; getting through the tricky rounds requires quick thinking and reflexes.
The stages get harder over time, testing your skills and forcing you to find new ways to get past problems that other people have found impossible. Your experience with Geometry Dash will be remembered for a long time because of how satisfying it is to beat a difficult level or find a secret route. Join the many people who love Geometry Dash and are fascinated by this exciting and fun game. Get ready, because things will move quickly!
Euro 2024 Belgium's Rebirth the New Generation Match the Golden Era.docxEticketing.co
The Golden Group is over. Can a new group step up? Two years ago, Kevin De Bruyne plunged Belgium’s Euro 2024 plans into disorder when he claimed the team was “too old” to win in an interview with The Protector. That Belgian squad had 10 players over 30 and the maximum average age of any Euro Cup 2024 team at the competition. A group-stage exit and just one goal at the World Cup put Belgium on course for a restructure.
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Coach Domenico Tedesco has managed a tactical shakeup and a regular exit for some of the oldest players. Experienced bests remain, not least the 37-year-old Jan Vertonghen in defense, the 32-year-old De Bruyne himself in midfield, and 31-year-old Romelu Lukaku up visible.
Still, younger actors like De Bruyne’s Manchester City partner Jeremy Doku bring fresh vitality to the team. Euro Cup Germany Qualifying unbeaten with just four goals allowed from eight games was a welcome sign of accomplishment back on track under Tedesco.
The only other squad in Group E besides Belgium to UEFA Euro 2024 qualify unbeaten, Romania was awestruck by winning a group that also checked Switzerland and Israel. Still, Euro 2024 will test a squad sorely lacking in top-level skill.
Euro 2024: Belgium's Transition from Golden Generation to New Hope
Tottenham guardian Vlad Dragusin is the only Euro Cup 2024 squad member singing regularly for one of Europe’s top clubs this flavor. He even played only nine Premier League games since adoption in January. Goalkeeper Horatiu Moldovan is a stoppage at Atletico Madrid.
There’s a link to the beauty days of Romanian soccer with midfielder Ianis Hagi, son of Gheorghe Hagi, who assisted the team to the rounds of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000.
We are only a combine of days away from the UEFA Euro 2024 curtain raiser. The 24 squads are winding up their provisions and getting ready to give it their all to life the wanted Euro Cup Final trophy on July 14. Spread across six clusters, the first hurdle in the knockout phase will be the plump of 16.
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Germany and Scotland will take things off before we get into overdrive in two weeks. Meanwhile, Belgium will be longing to bounce back after a horrendous 2022 FIFA World Cup movement, which ended in the group stage.
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Roberto Martinez completed the way for Domenico Tedesco, who has overseen a compact start to his tenure. The 38-year-old will be assured heading into the group stage
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442 Diamond Formation Ebook pdf ASC ACADEMY SOCCER COACHING
3 work of msps
1. The work of a Member of the Scottish Parliament
What you will learn
-
The role of MSPs in Parliament
The role of MSPs in the constituency
What challenges exist for MSPs
How women and ethnic minorities are represented in the Scottish Parliament
What is a Member of the Scottish Parliament?
Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) are elected by the people of Scotland to
represent them in the Scottish Parliament. They make decisions that shape our country and
work to better the lives of their constituents.
There are a total of 129 MSPs in the Scottish Parliament. Each of the 129 MSPs represents
a particular area of the country: either a constituency or a region. There are 73 MSPs each
representing a constituency and 56 MSPs representing the eight regions of Scotland (7
MSPs in each region).
Once elected, MSPs serve their constituents for four years until the next election. In that
time, they split their work between working in their constituency or region and working at
Parliament in Edinburgh. MSPs receive an annual salary of £57,521 plus expenses for travel
and accommodation.
Activities
Visit the website www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps and click ‘Current MSPs’.
Find the MSP who represents you and your constituency then click onto the link to his or her
profile.
1. From the profile page, complete the following tasks:
a. Which political party does your MSP belong to?
b. Which committees does your MSP belong to?
c. Under ‘Parliamentary Activities’, click the ‘Recent Questions’ tab.
List the three most recent questions your MSP has asked in Parliament.
2. Find and list the names, and parties of the Regional MSPs for SOUTH SCOTLAND region.
3. How many MSPs represent your area in total?
4. How many different political parties are represented by the MSPs for your area?
5. Do you think people in Scotland are well represented? Give a reason for your answer.
1
2. What does an MSP do?
Put simply, an MSPs job is to represent their constituents, whether they voted for them or
not. We live in a representative democracy, which means that MSPs act as representatives
of the general public. They act as the ‘voice’ of the people and they make decisions on our
behalf. When in Parliament, MSPs carry out these duties by debating and voting on proposed
laws, asking questions on the Government and also sitting on committees which will report on
certain issues such as the economy or the environment. Within the constituency, MSPs will
work hard to ensure they are meeting the demands of their constituents, dealing with any
problems or issues that the constituency is facing and generally working to make the
community a better place to live.
MSPs usually work in their constituency on Mondays and Fridays, with weekend work optional.
Many MSPs will spend some of their weekend working. Tuesday to Thursday is spent at
Parliament in Edinburgh.
Diary of a local MSP
Sunday
Morning
Catch up and review the Sunday Papers
CONSTITUENCY
Afternoon
Relax with family and visit local park
Evening
Family time
Morning
Head into constituency office. Plan the week ahead,
Monday
and finalise diary with office staff.
CONSTITUENCY
Afternoon
Catch up with letters and emails received over the
Weekend. Reply to as many as possible. Visit local
Primary to present prizes at the prizegiving.
Evening
Attend town meeting about the possibility of a new
golf development.
Tuesday
Morning
Travel to Edinburgh by train. Read research papers
for this week’s debates.
PARLIAMENT
Afternoon
Chair the Welfare reform Committee meeting. Meet a
group of school children fr.om my constituency who
are visiting the Parliament.
Evening
Meet with fellow MSPs to discuss the proposals in a
new bill.
2
3. Wednesday
Morning
farming in developing countries.
PARLIAMENT
Afternoon
Evening
Thursday
Sit on cross-party Fair Trade Committee to debate
Morning
Attend a debate in the Chamber about the possibility
of a new golf resort in my constituency.
Prepare for First Minister’s Questions tomorrow.
Meet with pressure group representatives from local
protest group.
PARLIAMENT
Afternoon
Attend General Question Time. Attend First
Minister’s questions in the Chamber. Ask about
Government plans to tackle unemployment in my
constituency.
Evening
Friday
Morning
Travel back to constituency to attend local charity
event.
Hold surgery in community centre at 10am. Meet with
neighbourhood watch representatives to discuss anti-
CONSTITUENCY
social behaviour in the area.
Afternoon
Interview with local newspaper. Radio interview at
4pm.
Evening
Attend local charity dinner. Make a speech to
congratulate the charity on their good work.
Saturday
Morning
Attend local farmers market and mingle with local
constituents.
CONSTITUENCY
Afternoon
Evening
Visit the new local football stadium and meet the
fans.
Family time.
3
4. Activities
1. How are MSPs elected?
2. How long are the elected for?
3. What is the annual salary of an MSP?
4. Describe how an MSPs working week is split between constituency and Parliament.
5. Look at the Diary of an MSP.
a. List three things the MSP is doing to help his constituents.
b. In Parliament, what committee does the MSP chair?
c. Overall, do you think MSPs get enough free time? Justify your decision?
What types of tasks do MSPs complete in Parliament?
MSPs have a large number of commitments when they are in Parliament. There are some
tasks that are a compulsory part of the job of an MSP but many are at the MSPs own
discretion. This allows MSPs to concentrate on the specific issues affecting their
constituents and also issues which they themselves have an interest in.
Motions and debates
As well as debating proposals for any new bills (laws), an MSP can put forward a motion. A
motion is a proposal for the Parliament to do something to express an opinion about an issue
and is the most common means by which MSPs initiate debates within the Parliament
chamber.
Motions can be about local, national or even International issues that affect Scotland. For
example, in 2012 Jamie Hepburn MSP proposed a motion that that was accepted for debate.
The motion was about the need for an International Arms Trade, as he believed that
Scotland, as a member (through the UK) of the United Nations, should prevent weapons
being sold to the wrong people, especially in developing countries. The debate was worthwhile
in bring a consensus among all MSPs that Scotland should back a new arms treaty. The First
Minister stated, ‘The Scottish Government is strongly supportive of an international arms
trade treaty.’
4
5. Question Time
Every Thursday morning MSPs participate in General Question Time. This is when MSPs get
the opportunity to question a Government Minister about his or her department. Government
Ministers are MSPs who are chosen by the First Minister to manage a Government
Department, and key Departments such as Health and Education have their own Government
ministers. Every week, Ministers have to answer questions put forward by MSPs. This allows
MSPs to scrutinise decisions that ministers have made. There are strict rules over the
submission of questions and most are ‘seen’ beforehand to allow the minister to prepare an
answer. MSPs can also ask Government Ministers written questions, to which the minister has
to respond within ten days. Asking questions is a very useful tool for MSPs to highlight
specific problems faced by their constituency and possible find a solution from the Scottish
Government.
First Minister’s Question Time
Every Thursday at noon, after General Question Time, is First Minister’s Question Time.
This gives the leaders of the other parties and some MSPs an opportunity to ask the head of
the Scottish Government questions directly. During a 30-minute period, First Minister Alex
Salmond has to answer ‘seen’ questions and justify his Governments stance on various issues.
First Ministers Question Time can get quite lively, with opposition MSPs wanting to ‘catch
out’ the First Minister and perhaps make him struggle under questioning.
Examples of questions asked at First Minister’s Question Time
-
To ask the First Minister whether the Scottish Government will provide additional
funding to community projects to reduce reoffending by criminals.
-
To ask the First Minister what steps the Scottish Government is taking to promote
Scottish business overseas.
-
To ask the First Minister what measures the Scottish Government is taking to tackle
female unemployment in light of concerns that women are being disproportionately
affected by job losses.
Committees
Most MSPs are members of at least one committee. A committee works to scrutinise
government proposals and may conduct inquiries into specific matters. Each committee is
given a particular area or subject to examine in detail. For example, the Education and
Culture Committee considers and reports on matters relating to school and pre-school
education as well as culture and the arts.
5
6. There are 15 different committees with most having between seven and nine MSPs as
members. Each committee will also have a convener and a deputy convener to chair the
meetings. Membership and convenership have to reflect the balance of political power in the
Parliament as a whole. Committees can introduce new bills (laws). Since the 2011 election, the
SNP has had a majority in each of the committees. Opposition parties claim this weakens the
ability of the committees to scrutinise SNP Government policies.
MSPs also have the power to attempt to introduce new bills. The majority of members’ bills
are not successful – only 7 out of 29 bills received Royal Assent in the last session of the
Scottish Parliament (2007 – 2011).
Voting
At the end of days when the Parliament sits, MSPs can vote at ‘Decision Time’. This is usually
help at 5pm with MSPs voting on any business that has passed through Parliament that day.
Generally, the result of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties
normally instruct their MSPs which way to vote through the whip system. (more on this
later). The Scottish Parliament is fortunate to have an electronic voting system in the
chamber, which means MSPs simply push a button to cast their vote. Consequently, results
are known within seconds.
Scrutinising policy – The Justice Committee
About
The Justice Committee meets every Tuesday morning. Its primary role is to scrutinise the
policies and performance of the Scottish Government and its agencies in matters relating to
justice. Christine Grahame, MSP for Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale, is
convener of the committee. The committee can also carry out fact-findings visits around
Scotland to find out more about the justice system in practice.
Example of work
The Justice Committee spent a large part of 2012 scrutinising a bill proposed by the
Scottish Government to reform the Police and fire service. The Police and Fire Reform
(Scotland) Bill aimed to create a single police force and a single fire rescue service for the
whole of Scotland. After much scrutiny, the committee agreed the bill in principle, and the
next stage of progress could then be made. Committee convener Christine Grahame MSP
said, ‘Our role in scrutinising this bill was to make sure that the new national police and fire
and rescue forces can actually deliver the services effectively throughout Scotland. The
overwhelming majority of the committee believed they can.
6
7. Conducting inquiries – The Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee
About
The Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee meetings are generally held on Wednesday
mornings. The committee’s key roles are to scrutinise government policy and to conduct
enquiries into matters relating to the economy, energy and tourism. Murdo Fraser, MSP for
Mid-Scotland and Fife, in the convener of the committee.
Example of work
In 2012 the committee conducted an enquiry into the Scottish Government’s green energy
targets. In doing so they called witnesses and went on fact-findings visits to investigate the
achievability of the Scottish Government’s 2020 renewable energy targets, the merits of
the targets and what the risks and barriers are to realising them. One witness the
Committee called was Donald Trump, the American billionaire. They wanted to find out his
views of wind farms on tourism and the economy in Scotland. Trump built a large golf resort
in Aberdeenshire and is considered an expert on tourism. On his visit to Parliament, the US
celebrity caused quite an uproar.
Margo MacDonald MSP – Assisted Suicide Bill
During the current session of Parliament (2011 onwards) Margo MacDonald is attempting to
introduce a new law that will make assisted suicide legal. Her proposal aims for the
introduction of a bill to enable a competent adult with a terminal illness or condition to
request assistance to end their own life, and to decriminalise certain actions taken by others
to provide such assistance.
The Scottish Parliament will consider the 3-stage process before it potentially becomes law.
Activities
1. Describe, in detail, what happens at General Question Time.
2. Why is asking questions a useful tool at the disposal of MSPs.
3. Describe First Minister’s Question time.
4. Who is currently the First Minister of Scotland?
5. Who do you think opposition MSPs would want to ‘catch out’ the First Minister?
6. What is the role of a committee in the Scottish Parliament?
7. How many committees are there and on average how many members does each committee
have?
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8. 8. Look at the Case Study of the Justice Committee.
a. When does the committee meet?
b. Who is the convener?
c. Describe the work the committee undertook in 2012.
9. Look at the Case Study of the Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee.
a. When does the committee meet?
b. Who is the convener?
c. Describe the work the committee undertook in 2012.
10. What is a ‘members’ bill?
11. How many members’ bills were successful in the last session of Parliament?
12. Describe ‘Decision Time’ in the Scottish Parliament.
Exam Style Question
Describe, in detail how MSPs represent their constituents in the Parliament.
(Nat.4 – 4 Marks)
(Nat.5 - 8Marks)
What tasks do MSPs complete in the constituency/region?
For MSPs, it is very important that they carry out as many tasks in their constituencies or
regions as they can because ultimately it is the people in their constituencies who have the
power to keep them in a job at election time.
Attending meetings
MSPs often meet with a wide variety of people in their local constituencies. Councillors, local
organisations and local pressure groups all want to meet with MSPs in the hope that any
issues they have can be raised at the highest levels of government. Equally, MSPs want to
meet these groups in order to stay up to date with issues affecting people in their
constituencies. They also want to meet councillors in order to raise issues identified by
communication with constituents through letters, emails, social networking or meetings. They
meet with these people for discussions regarding a huge variety of issues such as the local
environment and planned changes to local areas. A pressure group may want to try to
persuade an MSP to raise an issue affecting them in Parliament or even try to get an MSPs
public support for their campaign.
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9. Visits and social events
An MSP is regarded as a high-profile guest by many different organisations and so MSPs may
spend a large proportion of their time attending various events – for example, the opening of
a new business or an awards ceremony. These events are often reported in the local media
and provide an opportunity for MSPs to raise their profile in their constituency. MSPs are
also keen to visit local schools, especially to meet Modern Studies pupils.
Local Party meetings
MSPs occasionally meet with local party members to discuss issues which concern the party
as a whole. This allows the MSP to meet like-minded individuals and discuss possible new
policies or plans for the constituency.
Local media
In order to keep a good profile within their constituency, MSPs often appear in local
newspapers or on local TV and radio. This represents an effective way of keeping potential
voters aware of work done by MSPs. Quite often MSPs will raise awareness of local issues or
highlight local charities using the media and communicate their thoughts about these issues.
If an MSP does not use media effectively it could potentially be damaging for their reelection prospects.
9
10. What opportunities exist for constituents to contact MSPs directly?
All MSPs receive a large volume of communication from their constituents. These can take
the form of letters sent to Parliament or their constituency office email address; and most
MSPs are now in almost daily contact with constituents via networking sites such as Twitter
and Facebook.
MSPs have a small team of staff based at their constituency offices who prioritise letters
and emails. Increasingly, MSPs are communicating directly with constituents via social
networking. This allows MSPs to keep up to date with events taking place in the constituency
and to answer any queries while on the move. A good MSP aims to reply to all communications
as swiftly as possible.
Surgeries
An MSP visits different areas of the constituency for an open advice clinic known as a
surgery, usually scheduled at a fixed time once a week. Constituents do not need to make an
appointment and can drop in to the surgery to express concerns that they have directly to
their MSP. These concerns should be about local or national issues. Some MSPs are now
holding online surgeries where they can be directly contacted through their personal
websites.
Conflict between constituency and regional MSPs
Owing to the nature of the electoral system in Scotland, we are represented by both
constituency and regional MSPs. Within the 8 regions of Scotland there are 73
constituencies and so areas are represented by both regional MSPs and a constituency MSP.
For example For example, in the 2011 election Derek Mackay (SNP) was elected as the
constituency MSP for Renfrewshire North and West. However, voters in the Renfrewshire
North and West constituency are also represented by 7 regional MSPs who cover the West
Scotland region. Naturally MSPs come into conflict over duties and issues but this system
ensures MSPs work hard to satisfy their constituents.
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11. Activities:
1. Look at the pie chart. What percentage of time do MSPs spend with their constituents?
2. Explain, in detail, each of the following activities done by MSPs:
a. attending meetings
b. visits and social events
c. going to local party meetings
d. appearing in local media
3. What different forms of communication do MSPs receive from their constituents?
4. Why are MSPs increasingly using social media sites like Twitter and Facebook?
5. Why do you think it is important that an MSP replies swiftly to constituents?
6. Describe an MSP’s surgery.
Exam Style Question
Describe, in detail how MSPs represent their constituents in the constituency.
(Nat.4 – 4 Marks)
(Nat.5 - 8Marks)
What challenges exist for MSPs?
The primary job of MSPs is to represent their constituents. However, they have a whole
series of different and conflicting pressures to contend with. MSPs are also answerable to
the political party they are attached to, and they have to ensure that they have a good
relationship with local and national media, and with local and national pressure groups. Added
into this mix is trying to ensure a work-life balance in order to spend time with family and
friends.
MSPs often find that they cannot keep everyone happy and so they need to manage their
decisions carefully, after considering all of these different demands. Occasionally a decision
an MSP makes may seem like the wrong one to some and the right decision to others.
Local constituents
MSPs are voted in by their constituents and they have to represent their areas well. If they
are judged to have not performed in the interests of their constituents, they might lose
their job as people will vote for someone else at the next election.
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12. Political parties
Most MSPs are attached to a political party. This means that they have been selected by
local party members to run as a candidate for their political party, and that their campaign
will be funded by the party, who will provide a campaign team to distribute campaign
materials and drum up support. This gives candidates a huge advantage.
Part of this agreement is that MSPs, once elected, will attempt to carry out the promises
made in the party’s manifesto and will support the party when called upon. In addition,
candidates know that many voters will vote for a political party regardless of the candidate.
Indeed, many voters will not know who their candidates are but will vote for a political party
to carry out the promises it makes in its manifesto. This means that MSPs recognise that
the political party they are attached to has a big influence over their decision making at a
local and national level.
Party whips
When MSPs are attending Parliament the political party has a lot of influence on their
decision making. It is the party which often dictates how an MSP votes in Parliament. To
ensure MSPs carry out the wishes of the party, party whips are appointed by the leadership.
Whips are men and women whose job it is to persuade or pressure MSPs to support the party
or follow the party line. The term ‘whips’ comes from Westminster and is an informal term to
describe people who make sure the party is working together.
Activities
1. What is an MSPs primary job?
2. What pressure do MSPs have to deal with?
3. Why is representing constituents the most important role for an MSP?
4. Give two reasons why an MSP would want to be a member of a political party.
5. Describe the role of the party whip.
Exam Style Question
Describe, in detail the challenges faced by MSPs.
(Nat.4 – 4 Marks)
(Nat.5 - 8Marks)
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13. Representation in the Scottish Parliament
It is desired by all parliaments in the democratic countries of the World that the elected
body should be representative of the country’s population. One of the founding principles of
the Scottish Parliament is ‘equal opportunity’, meaning that people from wide and varied
background should be able to succeed and advance in Scottish society. Politics should be an
example of this aim working in practice.
Representation of women
In looking at the composition of the 2011 Scottish Parliament, we can see that women are not
fairly represented in Scottish politics. With 49% of the population being female, there
should technically be 63 women MSPs (49% of 129.) Unfortunately, the number of female
MSPs falls far short of this figure and currently stands at 45. This is a slight improvement
from the 2007 election when only 43 women were elected. The table below shows the figures
from 1999 to 2011; during this time the female-to-male ratio of the population remained
constant at 49%:51%.
Election year
Number of male
As % of MSPs
Number of
MSPs
As % of MSPs
female MSPs
1999
81
64%
48
36%
2003
78
60.5%
51
39.5%
2007
86
66.6%
43
33.4%
2011
84
65.1%
45
34.9%
Representation of ethnic minorities
It is an even less positive picture when analysing the representation of ethnic minorities in
the 2011 Scottish Parliament. Only two ethnic minority MSPs were elected in 2011, although
this is an improvement on one in 2007. The first two elections in the Scottish Parliamentary
history returned zero ethnic minority MSPs.
Election year
Ethnic population of
Number of ethnic
Scotland
As % of MSPs
minority MSPs
1999
2%
0
0%
2003
2.2%
0
0%
2007
2.7%
1
0.8%
2011
3%
2
1.6%
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14. Scottish Parliament compared with other Parliaments
In terms of fair representation of women, the Scottish Parliament ranks 20th in the World,
trailing behind countries like Sweden and Finland, which have over 40% representation.
Perhaps surprisingly, the country that has the most women in Parliament is Rwanda, with
56.3%. However, they have a higher female population of around 54%. The UK ranks 56th in
the World with only 22.3% female Members of Parliament. (144 out of 650). The UK
Parliament does reflect ethnic minority representation slightly more favourably, with 27 MPs
from 650. This is just over 4% of the elected Parliament against Scotland’s 1.6%.
Activities
1. Equal opportunity was one of the founding principles of the Scottish Parliament. What
does this mean?
2. Explain why the representation of women in the current Scottish Parliament (2011-2015)
is unfair.
3. Look at the Table Female/male representation in the Scottish Parliament. How many male
and female MSPs were there in 2003?
4. Looking at the Table Ethnic minority representation in the Scottish Parliament, how many
ethnic minority MSPs were elected in 2011?
5. Why could this be seen as a step forward?
6. How does the Scottish Parliament compare with other countries in terms of female
representation?
7. How does the Scottish Parliament compare with the UK Parliament in terms of ethnic
minority representation?
Exam Style Question
Describe, in detail 2 groups who are underrepresented in the Scottish Parliament .
(Nat.4 – 4 Marks)
(Nat.5 - 6Marks)
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