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Mapping Policy Maker's Experience
The document outlines the structure and relationships between different parts of the UK government. It shows that citizens elect members of parliament, who then select a prime minister. The prime minister appoints ministers and forms a government. The government is made up of ministers and the civil service. The civil service delivers policy and services. Other public bodies and levels of government also have roles.
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Mapping Policy Maker's Experience
- 1. Constituency MP THE CITIZEN House of Commons House ofLords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE THE PRIME MINISTER Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! First, citizens elect members of parliament and the prime minister is asked to form a government “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Houses of Parliament Action Position
- 2. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Constituency MP Ministerialdepartment e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER The Treasury SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Responsible for other policy briefs Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government The judiciary Houses of Parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Responsible for all department policy Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Action Position About The government is made up of the prime minister and her ministers
- 3. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Constituency MP Ministerialdepartment e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit) House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Make delegated operational decisions Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Support The judiciary Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Responsible for all department policy Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Action Position About The civil service works for the government
- 4. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit) House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Make delegated operational decisions Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Support The judiciary Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Responsible for all department policy Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Action Position About But a whole range of bodies deliver public services and have interests in government decisions
- 5. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit) House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Make delegated operational decisions Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Responsible for all department policy Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Action Position About Codes and influences Examples of some codes and influences guiding government decisions
- 6. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Giveviews Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) Updates core lines Makes speeches and provides convening power Makes policy decisions based on advice Goes on visits and conducts meetings (advised by policy official) Negotiations with treasury Consults (among others): Lawyers Finance Analysts Other relevant departments Press (media handling) Consultancies and research agencies Submission e.g. Issue: How to ... Recommendation: Use approach x Background: your manifesto said Consideration: argument for approach Propriety andethics Propriety andethics The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code “Youcan...you can’t ” “Youcan... youcan’t” Responds to cabinet committee clearances Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines Writes to MPs Response from minister Visits surgeries MPs write to the minister The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit)Form special interest groups Public/companies/ organisations Submits freedom of information requests Writes to govt department. Mostly dealt with by an official Special interest groups write to govt and MPs G ive views House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Holdtoaccount Make delegated operational decisions E.g. granting entry to the UK at the border Hold toaccount “You can... you can’t” Give views Give view s Writes speeches and briefings Advises on operational policy GREEN PAPER Preliminary statement of intent - to stimulate debate WHITE PAPER Statement of intent / proposed policy for consultation. (Must be cleared by CabCom Secondary legislation and rules e.g. statutory instruments - laid in the house Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Cabinet Committee clearance - often given with conditions POLICY AGREED! Policy enacted when operationally ready Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Respond to media queries throughout Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Agrees department’s budget with the chancellor Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need The Box Daily decisions for ministers. “The box closes at 15:00” Clears advice through SCS Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers And urgent questions if allowed by speaker Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Parliament asks questions to minister Written and oral - PMQs Advise ministers Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise NEW POLICY IDEA Return for secondary legislation Responsible for all department policy Signs statutory instruments Statutory Instruments (regulations) Secretaries of State can make these under powers given to them by Acts of Parliament Writes an impact assessment Impact assessment published Minister takes propsal to parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Primary legislation e.g. Acts of Parliament - given royal assent by the crown Action Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes Common processes and documentation
- 7. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Giveviews Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) Updates core lines Makes speeches and provides convening power Makes policy decisions based on advice Goes on visits and conducts meetings (advised by policy official) Negotiations with treasury Consults (among others): Lawyers Finance Analysts Other relevant departments Press (media handling) Consultancies and research agencies Submission e.g. Issue: How to ... Recommendation: Use approach x Background: your manifesto said Consideration: argument for approach Propriety andethics Propriety andethics The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code “Youcan...you can’t ” “Youcan... youcan’t” Responds to cabinet committee clearances Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines Writes to MPs Response from minister Visits surgeries MPs write to the minister Letter received The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees to the response Policy official writes response Letter sent THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit)Form special interest groups Public/companies/ organisations Submits freedom of information requests Writes to govt department. Mostly dealt with by an official Special interest groups write to govt and MPs G ive views House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Question Deadline Policy official writes response Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees Minister submits or presents Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Holdtoaccount Make delegated operational decisions E.g. granting entry to the UK at the border Hold toaccount “You can... you can’t” Give views Give view s Writes speeches and briefings Advises on operational policy GREEN PAPER Preliminary statement of intent - to stimulate debate WHITE PAPER Statement of intent / proposed policy for consultation. (Must be cleared by CabCom Secondary legislation and rules e.g. statutory instruments - laid in the house Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Cabinet Committee clearance - often given with conditions POLICY AGREED! Policy enacted when operationally ready Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Respond to media queries throughout Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Agrees department’s budget with the chancellor Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need The Box Daily decisions for ministers. “The box closes at 15:00” Clears advice through SCS Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers And urgent questions if allowed by speaker Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Parliament asks questions to minister Written and oral - PMQs Advise ministers Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise NEW POLICY IDEA Return for secondary legislation Responsible for all department policy Signs statutory instruments Statutory Instruments (regulations) Secretaries of State can make these under powers given to them by Acts of Parliament Writes an impact assessment Impact assessment published Minister takes propsal to parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Primary legislation e.g. Acts of Parliament - given royal assent by the crown Action Citizen interaction Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes Full map
- 8. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Giveviews Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (from a ministerial department) Updates core lines Makes speeches and provides convening power Makes policy decisions based on advice Goes on visits and conducts meetings (advised by policy official) Negotiations with treasury Consults (among others): Lawyers Finance Analysts Other relevant departments Press (media handling) Consultancies and research agencies Submission e.g. Issue: How to ... Recommendation: Use approach x Background: your manifesto said Consideration: argument for approach Propriety andethics Propriety andethics The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code “Youcan...you can’t ” “Youcan... youcan’t” Responds to cabinet committee clearances Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines Writes to MPs Response from minister Visits surgeries MPs write to the minister Letter received The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees to the response Policy official writes response Letter sent THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit)Form special interest groups Public/companies/ organisations Submits freedom of information requests Writes to govt department. Mostly dealt with by an official Special interest groups write to govt and MPs G ive views House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Question Deadline Policy official writes response Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees Minister submits or presents Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Holdtoaccount Make delegated operational decisions E.g. granting entry to the UK at the border Hold toaccount “You can... you can’t” Give views Give view s Writes speeches and briefings Advises on operational policy GREEN PAPER Preliminary statement of intent - to stimulate debate WHITE PAPER Statement of intent / proposed policy for consultation. (Must be cleared by CabCom Secondary legislation and rules e.g. statutory instruments - laid in the house Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Cabinet Committee clearance - often given with conditions POLICY AGREED! Policy enacted when operationally ready Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Respond to media queries throughout Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Agrees department’s budget with the chancellor Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need The Box Daily decisions for ministers. “The box closes at 15:00” Clears advice through SCS Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers And urgent questions if allowed by speaker Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Parliament asks questions to minister Written and oral - PMQs Advise ministers Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise NEW POLICY IDEA Return for secondary legislation Responsible for all department policy Signs statutory instruments Statutory Instruments (regulations) Secretaries of State can make these under powers given to them by Acts of Parliament Writes an impact assessment Impact assessment published Minister takes propsal to parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Primary legislation e.g. Acts of Parliament - given royal assent by the crown Action Citizen interaction Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes What happens when I write to an MP?
- 9. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Giveviews Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief THE CITIZEN THE GOVT MINISTER (From a ministerial department) Updates core lines Makes speeches and provides convening power Makes policy decisions based on advice Goes on visits and conducts meetings (advised by policy official) Negotiations with treasury Consults (among others): Submission e.g. Issue: How to ... Recommendation: Use approach x Background: your manifesto said Consideration: argument for approach Propriety andethics Propriety andethics The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code “Youcan...youcan’t” “Youcan... youcan’t” Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines Writes to MPs Response from minister Visits surgeries MPs write to the minister Letter received The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees to the response Policy official writes response Letter sent THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit)Form special interest groups Public/companies/ organisations Submits freedom of information requests Writes to govt department. Mostly dealt with by an official Special interest groups write to govt and MPs G ive views House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament START HERE Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Question Deadline Policy official writes response Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees Minister submits or presents Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Holdtoaccount Make delegated operational decisions E.g. granting entry to the UK at the border Hold toaccount “You can... you can’t” Give views Give v iew sGREEN PAPER Preliminary statement of intent - to stimulate debate WHITE PAPER Statement of intent / proposed policy for consultation. (Must be cleared by CabCom Secondary legislation and rules e.g. statutory instruments - laid in the house Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Cabinet Committee clearance - often given with conditions POLICY AGREED! Policy enacted when operationally ready Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Respond to media queries throughout Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Agrees department’s budget with the chancellor Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need The Box Daily decisions for ministers. “The box closes at 15:00” Clears advice through SCS Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service PM Govt. Ministers Opposition Govt. Ministers And urgent questions if allowed by speaker Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Parliament asks questions to minister Written and oral - PMQs Advise ministers Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise NEW POLICY IDEA Return for secondary legislation Responsible for all department policy Signs statutory instruments Statutory Instruments (regulations) Secretaries of State can make these under powers given to them by Acts of Parliament Writes an impact assessment Impact assessment published Minister takes propsal to parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Primary legislation e.g. Acts of Parliament - given royal assent by the crown Action Citizen interaction Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes What does a policy maker balance in an average day? Debates Giveviews Lawyers Finance Analysts Other relevant government departments Press (media handling) Consultation and research agencies Legal implications of policy Costing of policy Data and evidence Implications for existing policy Press releases, embargos Research and evidence, impact measurement
- 10. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY Separation of powers Publicsector operations (non-civil service) e.g. Police NHS Private and VCSE operations e.g. Welfare assessments Grant writing Outsourced operational delivery Conduct operations within bounds of legislation Provide policing and healthcare The media e.g. Newspapers Television Social media Reporting, columns, letters, opinion, debates, adverts, public comments Special interest groups and stakeholders e.g. Agencies and public bodies e.g. Non ministerial departments e.g. Infrastructure and Projects Authority Student Loans Company Office of the Children’s Commissioner Oversee major projects e.g. HS2 Promote and protect rights of children Provide loans to students Ofsted Ofqual Inspect and regulate services Constituency MP Ministerial department e.g. Department for Education Under-Secretary of State Secretary of State (SoS) Lord’s Minister Minister of State Private Office Giveviews Think tanks Research and represent different groupsTrade unions “We think...” “This is how we can do it” Holds a policy brief, also represents the department in the House of Lords Often responsible for department’s most important brief Updates core lines Makes speeches and provides convening power Makes policy decisions based on advice Goes on visits and conducts meetings (advised by policy official) Submission e.g. Issue: How to ... Recommendation: Use approach x Background: your manifesto said Consideration: argument for approach The Ministerial and Special Advisors’ Code Responds to cabinet committee clearances Winning party manifesto “We will... We will...” Stated govt policy “We have said” / briefing / Q and A / core lines MPs write to the minister Letter received The Civil Service Code. Governs actions of civil servants. Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees to the response Policy official writes response Letter sent THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policy unit)Form special interest groups Public/companies/ organisations Submits freedom of information requests Writes to govt department. Mostly dealt with by an official Special interest groups write to govt and MPs G ive views House of Commons House of Lords The Cabinet (The government) Local government Provides a local authority over local matters Leader of the council Deputy leader Councillor roles e.g. Committee chairs Managing director or CEO Executive directors E.g. of finance, children’s services, adult social services, community and environmental services E.g. of adult social care, business and property, children's services, communities, digital innovation and efficiency, environment, development and transport, policy and resources Elected Public servants Local govt. officials ~21 MPs and Lords THE CROWN Elects MPs when the Crown, requested by PM, dissolves old Parliament Selects his/her ministers THE PRIME MINISTER Question Deadline Policy official writes response Find appropriate department/unit Minister changes/agrees Minister submits or presents Civil Service Policy Unit Senior Civil Service The Treasury The Press Office SPECIAL ADVISORS (SpAds) SECRETARY OF STATE (SoS) CIVIL SERVICE OPERATIONAL TEAMS e.g. Help. Define. Challenge. Operational guidance and rules, Operational Policy Work and Pensions Immigration Prisons Independent watchdogs, regulators, commissioners, inspectorates Make delegated operational decisions E.g. granting entry to the UK at the border Writes speeches and briefings Advises on operational policy GREEN PAPER Preliminary statement of intent - to stimulate debate WHITE PAPER Statement of intent / proposed policy for consultation. (Must be cleared by CabCom Secondary legislation and rules e.g. statutory instruments - laid in the house Cabinet Committee - smaller groups of cabinet ministers Cabinet Committee clearance - often given with conditions POLICY AGREED! Policy enacted when operationally ready Lawyers and parliamentary counsel (TSoC) (GLS) Civil Servants Can independently review policy and operational decisions, ensuring they are in line with laws passed by parliament “We believe in collective government view - so clear things with us!” “What’s the government’s position on ...?” Respond to media queries throughout Temporary civil servants, appointed by Secretary of State Civil servants who work for ministers Permanent Secretary Director General Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Grade 6 Grade 7 SEO HEO EO AO The Chancellor The Chief Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Officials Responsible for other policy briefs Ministers work for Prime Minister and define policy need The Box Daily decisions for ministers. “The box closes at 15:00” Clears advice through SCS Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” The Civil Service • Delivers policy intent of ministers • Delivers government services • ‘Advises’ and ‘warns’ Some important structures within the Civil Service Govt. Ministers And urgent questions if allowed by speaker Invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a new government Parliament asks questions to minister Written and oral - PMQs Advise ministers Support The judiciary “No, you don’t have the authority to make that decision you made!” Houses of Parliament POLICY TEAM Research, analyse, evidence, measures impact, and advise NEW POLICY IDEA Return for secondary legislation Responsible for all department policy Signs statutory instruments Statutory Instruments (regulations) Secretaries of State can make these under powers given to them by Acts of Parliament Writes an impact assessment Impact assessment published Minister takes propsal to parliament Welsh Assembly Scottish Parliament UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regional NI Assembly Some Secretaries of State have responsibility for reserved or devolved matters Devolved matters fall to: Otherwise, most of Policy Lab work is England only Primary legislation e.g. Acts of Parliament - given royal assent by the crown Action Citizen interaction Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes 12 stages of policy making Problem definition What is the impact of the problem? How does the problem manifest? What is the cause of the problem? What might the role for policy be? A clear ministerial steer Commitments from the governing party’s manifesto Public statements of government policy Teams like Policy Lab Made easier by: Evaluate How do we know what has worked? How can the policy be changed? Internal evaluation and analysis teams External bodies Reports and research Parliament ‘Sunset clauses’ Which require am evaluation after a number of years. Parliamentary scrutiny Supported by: Agree through structures A number of structures and processes exist to ensure that: The government speaks consistently about the issue Quality is maintained throughout All government departments have the opportunity to have their say (collective cabinet government) The full range of implications have been considered Build an action plan Ensure that policies can be implemented by building a plan collaboratively with operational teams - or other delivery partners. Action plan To consider when changes will be made, how they will be made, and how much they will cost. Advise ministers/ recommend Policy submissions and meetings with ministers to provide policy advice to ministers and seek their feedback and direction. Submission A concise way of summarising evidence and providing a recommendation. Estimate impact Analyse and publish the potential to successfully address the problem. Impact Assessment • Impact of the policy on the affected population and the broader public • The cost of the policy • The implications for operational civil servants, public sector operations, private and VCSE operations Draw in expertise What implications might there be that require specific expertise? Finance colleagues Implications for the department’s budget Lawyers Legal issues or implications Devolution or constitutional teams Press office and communications Handling plans Balance within government Does the approach complement/conflict with other departments’ policies? Are there financial trade-offs? How do we ensure the end user does not get mixed messages from a service? Are there consequences that might matter more to another government departments? Engage with colleagues in their department and others Access a ‘single point of contact’ within department for certain issues Raise issues through senior-level or inter-ministerial meetings Policy teams can: Frame problem Demonstrating how the problem is caused; how severe the problem is; how prevalent the problem is; who is affected by the problem. Communications colleagues Press offices Think tanks Research bodies Supported by: The problem can be framed in different ways by: The media Other political actors Research and analyse options Options appraisal using existing literature; commissioned research - what evidence is missing? Analysts and economists Researchers Specialist research teams e.g. user research Research centres e.g. GO science Supported by: Respond Deal with ad hoc requests e.g. topical issues, commenting on other government department/internal policies, correspondence and press queries. Press office Private office Correspondence units Visits and events teams Supported by: External consultation What do different groups, individual partners and individuals think? Co-design approaches Immersive research Working groups, boards, regular meetings Specialist government teams (e.g. the Business Partnership Teams) The public Experts Local government Operational agencies Analysts Consultants Research agencies Think tanks Trade unions Special interest groups Those consulted include: Made easier by:
- 11. THE POLICY OFFICIAL (from a policyunit) Mapping the policy making process We welcome feedback on the prototype! “How can we understand the policy maker (our user)’s journey, in order to design Policy Lab tools better?” Action Citizen interaction Position About Codes and influences Documentation and processes 12 stages of policy making Problem definition What is the impact of the problem? How does the problem manifest? What is the cause of the problem? What might the role for policy be? A clear ministerial steer Commitments from the governing party’s manifesto Public statements of government policy Teams like Policy Lab Made easier by: Evaluate How do we know what has worked? How can the policy be changed? Internal evaluation and analysis teams External bodies Reports and research Parliament ‘Sunset clauses’ Which require am evaluation after a number of years. Parliamentary scrutiny Supported by: Agree through structures A number of structures and processes exist to ensure that: The government speaks consistently about the issue Quality is maintained throughout All government departments have the opportunity to have their say (collective cabinet government) The full range of implications have been considered Build an action plan Ensure that policies can be implemented by building a plan collaboratively with operational teams - or other delivery partners. Action plan To consider when changes will be made, how they will be made, and how much they will cost. Advise ministers/ recommend Policy submissions and meetings with ministers to provide policy advice to ministers and seek their feedback and direction. Submission A concise way of summarising evidence and providing a recommendation. Estimate impact Analyse and publish the potential to successfully address the problem. Impact Assessment • Impact of the policy on the affected population and the broader public • The cost of the policy • The implications for operational civil servants, public sector operations, private and VCSE operations Draw in expertise What implications might there be that require specific expertise? Finance colleagues Implications for the department’s budget Lawyers Legal issues or implications Devolution or constitutional teams Press office and communications Handling plans Balance within government Does the approach complement/conflict with other departments’ policies? Are there financial trade-offs? How do we ensure the end user does not get mixed messages from a service? Are there consequences that might matter more to another government departments? Engage with colleagues in their department and others Access a ‘single point of contact’ within department for certain issues Raise issues through senior-level or inter-ministerial meetings Policy teams can: Frame problem Demonstrating how the problem is caused; how severe the problem is; how prevalent the problem is; who is affected by the problem. Communications colleagues Press offices Think tanks Research bodies Supported by: The problem can be framed in different ways by: The media Other political actors Research and analyse options Options appraisal using existing literature; commissioned research - what evidence is missing? Analysts and economists Researchers Specialist research teams e.g. user research Research centres e.g. GO science Supported by: Respond Deal with ad hoc requests e.g. topical issues, commenting on other government department/internal policies, correspondence and press queries. Press office Private office Correspondence units Visits and events teams Supported by: External consultation What do different groups, individual partners and individuals think? Co-design approaches Immersive research Working groups, boards, regular meetings Specialist government teams (e.g. the Business Partnership Teams) The public Experts Local government Operational agencies Analysts Consultants Research agencies Think tanks Trade unions Special interest groups Those consulted include: Made easier by: