This document is a seminar report on 3D printing technology submitted for a bachelor's degree. It includes an introduction discussing the benefits of 3D printing over traditional manufacturing techniques. The objectives are outlined, focusing on applications in biomedical engineering, aerospace/automotive testing, construction, and prototyping. The significance of 3D printing and the scope of the seminar are discussed. The seminar will cover current and future applications in areas such as medicine, space exploration, and construction. Constraints include the cost and design capabilities needed for widespread adoption.
3D Printing Technology seminar report by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This is the Report file about 3D Printing Technolog and additive manufacturing in which we cover all the basics of 3DP
History,need, development,scope, availablity,future scope,trend before the 3DP, Advantage and disadvantages, limitations, Application and Appliances.
Design and Manufacturing of Sprocket using Additive Manufacturing Technologyijtsrd
Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, has the potential to vastly accelerate innovation, compress supply chains, minimize materials and energy usage, and reduce waste. Originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993, 3D printing technology forms the basis of Z Corporation's prototyping process. 3DP technology creates 3D physical prototypes by solidifying layers of deposited powder using a liquid binder. By definition 3DP is an extremely versatile and rapid process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. Z Corp. pioneered the commercial use of 3DP technology, developing 3D printers that leading manufacturers use to produce early concept models and product prototypes. Utilizing 3DP technology, Z Corp. has developed 3D printers that operate at unprecedented speeds, extremely low costs, and within a broad range of applications. This paper describes the core technology and its related applications. Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, is a new way of making products and components from a digital model. Like an office printer that puts 2D digital files on a piece of paper, a 3D printer creates components by depositing thin layers of material one after another, only where required, using a digital blueprint until the exact component has been created. Interest in additive techniques is growing swiftly as applications have progressed from rapid prototyping to the production of end use products. Additive equipment can now use metals, polymers, composites, or other powders to print' a range of functional components, layer by layer, including complex structures that cannot be manufactured by other means. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, -additive' processes could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's -subtractive' manufacturing processes, and reduce material costs by up to 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products, and metals manufacturing. In this project, parametric model is done in Catia V5R20 and 3D printing is done in Cura software. B. Raghu | G. Sai Hitheswar Reddy | D. Rishikesh | K. Aseem Kumar "Design and Manufacturing of Sprocket using Additive Manufacturing Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29464.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29464/design-and-manufacturing-of-sprocket-using-additive-manufacturing-technology/b-raghu
3D Printing Technology seminar report by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This is the Report file about 3D Printing Technolog and additive manufacturing in which we cover all the basics of 3DP
History,need, development,scope, availablity,future scope,trend before the 3DP, Advantage and disadvantages, limitations, Application and Appliances.
Design and Manufacturing of Sprocket using Additive Manufacturing Technologyijtsrd
Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, has the potential to vastly accelerate innovation, compress supply chains, minimize materials and energy usage, and reduce waste. Originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993, 3D printing technology forms the basis of Z Corporation's prototyping process. 3DP technology creates 3D physical prototypes by solidifying layers of deposited powder using a liquid binder. By definition 3DP is an extremely versatile and rapid process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. Z Corp. pioneered the commercial use of 3DP technology, developing 3D printers that leading manufacturers use to produce early concept models and product prototypes. Utilizing 3DP technology, Z Corp. has developed 3D printers that operate at unprecedented speeds, extremely low costs, and within a broad range of applications. This paper describes the core technology and its related applications. Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, is a new way of making products and components from a digital model. Like an office printer that puts 2D digital files on a piece of paper, a 3D printer creates components by depositing thin layers of material one after another, only where required, using a digital blueprint until the exact component has been created. Interest in additive techniques is growing swiftly as applications have progressed from rapid prototyping to the production of end use products. Additive equipment can now use metals, polymers, composites, or other powders to print' a range of functional components, layer by layer, including complex structures that cannot be manufactured by other means. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, -additive' processes could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's -subtractive' manufacturing processes, and reduce material costs by up to 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products, and metals manufacturing. In this project, parametric model is done in Catia V5R20 and 3D printing is done in Cura software. B. Raghu | G. Sai Hitheswar Reddy | D. Rishikesh | K. Aseem Kumar "Design and Manufacturing of Sprocket using Additive Manufacturing Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29464.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29464/design-and-manufacturing-of-sprocket-using-additive-manufacturing-technology/b-raghu
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing – A Quick Look at Business and Industr...360mnbsu
What is the size of the additive manufacturing industry? What is the projected growth? What industries are adopting the technology? This talk answered these questions and more and provided information about the major players and industry trends.
From the 2013 Taking Shape Summit: Additive Manufacturing: 3D Printing--Beyond Rapid Prototyping.
Through the development of 3D printing Services, we have only seen an increment in the number of companies that have adopted this technology. The applications and use cases fluctuate across industries, yet comprehensively incorporate tooling aids, visual and functional prototypes — and even end parts.
www.makenica.com
3D Printing - shaping the future of formulation developmentMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3pLd4cq
In our webinar we will take you on a journey to discover the latest trends in additive manufacturing for developing pharmaceutical dosage forms. We provide you a fundamental understanding of the different technologies currently evaluated in pharmaceutical industry. A clear definition of the key aspects of the individual technologies ensure a strong basis for future implementation of this technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
We will review the existing technologies and outline the potential for the targeted application.
An important aspect will be the filament-based 3D printing technology.
A case study will be presented on how a hot melt extrusion process can be optimized for filament production. Material properties as well as down-stream equipment drive a successful implementation.
We will also present a novel melt-based 3D printing approach, which can directly create the final dosage form out of powder. A drop-based deposition of the polymer melt ensures a new level of accuracy and individualization when it comes to the finishing of the final form.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Additive manufacturing: Basics and potential application fields
• Overview of existing 3D printing approaches and their relevance in Pharmaceutical Industry
• Background and advantages of extrusion-based 3D printing
• Requirements for FDM (fused deposition modeling) based technologies
• New advanced technical approaches for direct shaping of 3D printed tablets
3D Printing: Edge Manufacturing - Executive OverviewPatrick Seaman
Executive Overview and backgrounder on Edge Manufacturing and 3D Printing. Topics include: 3D Printing / Additive Mfg 3
3D Design becomes real 4
Real Parts & Products 5
Example: Laser Sintering 6
Enter: 3D Printing 7
Industries using 3D Printing 8
Edge Manufacturing 9
Example: Consumer Goods 10
3D Printing “Sweet Spot” 11
Industrial 3D Printing 14
Example: Industrial Scenario 15
Solution: Edge Manufacturing 16
Global Market 19
Example: Military Scenario 20
Edge Manufacturing Profile: Kraftwurx 21
Summary & Conclusions 23
About the Authors 25
3D Printing News Stories & Quotes 27
About Pepperwood Partners 31
3D Printing - A 2014 Horizonwatching Trend Summary ReportBill Chamberlin
ABOUT 3D PRINTING: Also called Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing has been hailed as a transformative manufacturing technology, 3D printing involves fabrication of physical objects by depositing a material using a nozzle, print head, or any another printer technology. Though initially used for prototyping of products, 3D printing has evolved and is currently capable of customized short-run manufacturing of industrial products, dental implants, and medical devices.
ABOUT THIS TREND REPORT: This report provide information about the 3D Printing trend along with links to additional resources.
Table of Contents
1.Introduction to 3D Printing
2.Marketplace Opportunities and Industry Applications
3.Materials & Technologies
4.Vendor Ecosystem
5.Drivers, Challenges, Implications, Trends to Watch
6.Summary / Recommendations
7.Appendix: Resources for further reading & understanding
The latest Top 10 from the Rassed research program explore different ways in which 3D printing is currently being used across the world.
Anticipated to become a mainstream technology in the near future, these slides show that 3D printing is already having an impact - with more to innovations and benefits envisaged in the coming years.
It would be very helpful and very informative to students who want to get first-hand information right from the starting point of their career into the ever-growing and blooming technology
The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing,
Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technologyijtsrd
3D printing technology forms the basis of corporation's prototyping process. 3D printing technology creates 3D physical protypes by solidifying layers of deposited power by using a liquid binder. 3D printing is an versatile process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, additive process could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's subtractive manufacturing process and reduce material cost upto 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products and metal manufacturing. A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, normally used for the suspension in wheeled cars. Leaf springs are long and narrow plates attached to the body of a trailer that rests above or under trailer's axle. For safe and cozy using, to prevent the street shocks from being transmitted to the car components and to guard the guard the occupants from the road shocks it's miles important to determine the maximum safe strain and deflection. The objective is to find the stresses and deformation in the leaf spring via making use of static load on it. One of a kind of special materials with mechanical properties are taken into consideration for the structural static evaluation. All leaf spring has linear characteristics there is a linear dependence between force and deflection this means that the 3D printed springs could be used as machine elements in different applications. B. Shushma | Ch. Pavan | D. Vikas Reddy | G. Venu Madhav | A. Mukhul Vamshi ""Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29589.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29589/design-and-modelling-of-a-leaf-spring-using-3d-printing-technology/b-shushma
Report on 3D printing , types, application, challengesRajat srivastav
discuss about Rapid Prototyping, history, types of 3d printing technologies, traditional vs additive manufacturing, application of 3d printing. challenges in 3d printing, steps involves in 3d printing. advantages of 3d printing
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing – A Quick Look at Business and Industr...360mnbsu
What is the size of the additive manufacturing industry? What is the projected growth? What industries are adopting the technology? This talk answered these questions and more and provided information about the major players and industry trends.
From the 2013 Taking Shape Summit: Additive Manufacturing: 3D Printing--Beyond Rapid Prototyping.
Through the development of 3D printing Services, we have only seen an increment in the number of companies that have adopted this technology. The applications and use cases fluctuate across industries, yet comprehensively incorporate tooling aids, visual and functional prototypes — and even end parts.
www.makenica.com
3D Printing - shaping the future of formulation developmentMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3pLd4cq
In our webinar we will take you on a journey to discover the latest trends in additive manufacturing for developing pharmaceutical dosage forms. We provide you a fundamental understanding of the different technologies currently evaluated in pharmaceutical industry. A clear definition of the key aspects of the individual technologies ensure a strong basis for future implementation of this technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
We will review the existing technologies and outline the potential for the targeted application.
An important aspect will be the filament-based 3D printing technology.
A case study will be presented on how a hot melt extrusion process can be optimized for filament production. Material properties as well as down-stream equipment drive a successful implementation.
We will also present a novel melt-based 3D printing approach, which can directly create the final dosage form out of powder. A drop-based deposition of the polymer melt ensures a new level of accuracy and individualization when it comes to the finishing of the final form.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Additive manufacturing: Basics and potential application fields
• Overview of existing 3D printing approaches and their relevance in Pharmaceutical Industry
• Background and advantages of extrusion-based 3D printing
• Requirements for FDM (fused deposition modeling) based technologies
• New advanced technical approaches for direct shaping of 3D printed tablets
3D Printing: Edge Manufacturing - Executive OverviewPatrick Seaman
Executive Overview and backgrounder on Edge Manufacturing and 3D Printing. Topics include: 3D Printing / Additive Mfg 3
3D Design becomes real 4
Real Parts & Products 5
Example: Laser Sintering 6
Enter: 3D Printing 7
Industries using 3D Printing 8
Edge Manufacturing 9
Example: Consumer Goods 10
3D Printing “Sweet Spot” 11
Industrial 3D Printing 14
Example: Industrial Scenario 15
Solution: Edge Manufacturing 16
Global Market 19
Example: Military Scenario 20
Edge Manufacturing Profile: Kraftwurx 21
Summary & Conclusions 23
About the Authors 25
3D Printing News Stories & Quotes 27
About Pepperwood Partners 31
3D Printing - A 2014 Horizonwatching Trend Summary ReportBill Chamberlin
ABOUT 3D PRINTING: Also called Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing has been hailed as a transformative manufacturing technology, 3D printing involves fabrication of physical objects by depositing a material using a nozzle, print head, or any another printer technology. Though initially used for prototyping of products, 3D printing has evolved and is currently capable of customized short-run manufacturing of industrial products, dental implants, and medical devices.
ABOUT THIS TREND REPORT: This report provide information about the 3D Printing trend along with links to additional resources.
Table of Contents
1.Introduction to 3D Printing
2.Marketplace Opportunities and Industry Applications
3.Materials & Technologies
4.Vendor Ecosystem
5.Drivers, Challenges, Implications, Trends to Watch
6.Summary / Recommendations
7.Appendix: Resources for further reading & understanding
The latest Top 10 from the Rassed research program explore different ways in which 3D printing is currently being used across the world.
Anticipated to become a mainstream technology in the near future, these slides show that 3D printing is already having an impact - with more to innovations and benefits envisaged in the coming years.
It would be very helpful and very informative to students who want to get first-hand information right from the starting point of their career into the ever-growing and blooming technology
The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing,
Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technologyijtsrd
3D printing technology forms the basis of corporation's prototyping process. 3D printing technology creates 3D physical protypes by solidifying layers of deposited power by using a liquid binder. 3D printing is an versatile process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, additive process could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's subtractive manufacturing process and reduce material cost upto 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products and metal manufacturing. A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, normally used for the suspension in wheeled cars. Leaf springs are long and narrow plates attached to the body of a trailer that rests above or under trailer's axle. For safe and cozy using, to prevent the street shocks from being transmitted to the car components and to guard the guard the occupants from the road shocks it's miles important to determine the maximum safe strain and deflection. The objective is to find the stresses and deformation in the leaf spring via making use of static load on it. One of a kind of special materials with mechanical properties are taken into consideration for the structural static evaluation. All leaf spring has linear characteristics there is a linear dependence between force and deflection this means that the 3D printed springs could be used as machine elements in different applications. B. Shushma | Ch. Pavan | D. Vikas Reddy | G. Venu Madhav | A. Mukhul Vamshi ""Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29589.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29589/design-and-modelling-of-a-leaf-spring-using-3d-printing-technology/b-shushma
Report on 3D printing , types, application, challengesRajat srivastav
discuss about Rapid Prototyping, history, types of 3d printing technologies, traditional vs additive manufacturing, application of 3d printing. challenges in 3d printing, steps involves in 3d printing. advantages of 3d printing
This is the seminar report of my presentation
Link for the pressentaion file is
http://www.slideshare.net/arjunrtvm/3d-printing-additive-manufacturing-with-awesome-animations-and-special-effects
What is 3D printing , How Does 3D Printing Work , Types of 3d printing , The History of 3D Printing , 3D Printing Technologies , Common manufactures of 3D printing , 3D Printing Materials , 3D Printing Common applications , Things can't be 3D Printed , By Eng. Osama Ghandour
#WhatIs3DPrinting , #HowDoes3DPrintingWork , #TypesOf3dPrinting , #TheHistoryOf3DPrinting , #3DPrintingTechnologies , #CommonManufacturesOf3DPrinting , #3DPrintingMaterials , #3DPrintingCommonApplications , #ThingsCan'tBe3DPrinted , #ByEng.OsamaGhandour ,
3D Printing is basically a process for making a physical object from a three dimensional computer aided design CAD file via a layering approach. It encompasses many forms of technologies and materials as 3D printing is being used in almost all industries. 3D printers are a new generation of machines that can make pretty much anything from ceramic cups to plastic toys. They have become affordable enough to hit the mainstream. 3D printer can be purchased online or in stores, which gives people the ability to print items from anywhere in the world. Technology is always updating and evolving, and 3D printing is no expectation. This paper provides an overview of 3D printing and its applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "3D Printing: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52421.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52421/3d-printing-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
The fundamental point of our task is utilizing shrewd blocks in development field with the assistance of 3D printing. The benefit of utilizing this technique is to manufacture excessively mammoth structures with inventive plans. At the end of the day, we can say that a robot fit for building confused structures from brilliant holds by all itself. The results are exceptionally modern in nature. Whats more, this could change the development component. In simple future, numerous nations and organizations will utilize these 3D printing systems to build inventive structures. The reasons why we would love to utilize 3D printing is that it is particularly less expensive than the customary strategy. Not just the expense of development it likewise incorporates the expense of materials utilized, cost of works and so forth. At the point when contrasted with customary strategy it requires less exertion, time utilization is likewise less. The strategy will likewise cut expenses and natural harm by decreasing the measure of broken blocks that is utilized. The thought is that the base of the robot is fixed with the arm sufficiently long to achieve any piece of the structure being manufactured. Exact situating is accomplished by a fixed marker in an alternate position from the robot. The entire procedure is robotized. The developments will be in xyz arranges. Stepper engines are utilized for developments. Timing belts are utilized for straight movements. DC engines will be utilized for gripper system. The structure never should be contacted by human hands. Regardless of whether they are compact printers utilized nearby or are housed in a stockroom, 3D printers can possibly totally reform the constructed condition. With such huge numbers of potential advantages of Smart Construction, theres nothing unexpected that this technique is advancing through an assorted number of ventures and rapidly turning into a most loved device of dynamic advertisers. Looking at the various points of interest, applications and future extension, we can reason that the Smart blocks and its innovation can make next mechanical unrest in Field of Construction. Shwetha Shanmugam | Sandhiya Bharathidasan | S. Abinayaa ""3D Printing"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23284.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23284/3d-printing/shwetha-shanmugam
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
3D printing is a manufacturing technique that transforms spools of plastic filament into physical objects. It is useful for prototypes and offers significant benefits for small and medium sized production runs. It is quickly becoming a mature manufacturing technology. It continues to grow and increase its market value. Today, more and more companies in different industries are embracing 3D printing technology worldwide. 3D printing has been adopted by students, entrepreneurs, hobbyists, and various industries. This paper provides an overview of 3D printing in business. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "3D Printing in Business: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52413.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52413/3d-printing-in-business-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku
3D Printing And Designing Final Report.pdfSwaraliBorhade
This is a report on 3D Printing and Designing used for product manufacturing .It is also now used in architectural field for making 3D printed houses. Medical field to make parts like joints and bones. Used in automotive industry to make fancy parts of the cars.
Misconceptions about decentralized 3 d printing challenging traditional manuf...Abhishek Kapoor
3D printing service in India has had a significant influence on the manufacturing industry. This article examines weaknesses in conventional manufacturing and has provided an incentive for decentralized additive manufacturing to develop and some of its misconceptions.
https://makenica.com/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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3 d printing revised
1. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
BY
OBEJILI BRUNO EBUKA
ESUT/2013/147414
A SEMINAR REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF APPLIED NATURAL SCIENCES
ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ENUGU
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BSc)
DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
APRIL, 2017
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank my seminar supervisor Mr Mbah David for his effort and guidance in the approval
and writing of this seminar report, and also the lecturers in computer science department who give
their best for us to be better. I will not forget to thank my parents the sole sponsors of my
academics .
3. 1
ABSTRACT
A method of manufacturing known as ‘Additive manufacturing’, due to the fact that instead of
removing material to create a part, the process adds material in successive patterns to create the
desired shape. Main areas of use include i. Prototyping ii. Specialised parts – aerospace, military,
biomedical engineering, dental iii. Hobbies and home use iv. Future applications– medical (body
parts), buildings and cars .3D Printing uses software that slices the 3D model into layers (0.01mm
thick or less in most cases). Each layer is then traced onto the build plate by the printer, once the
pattern is completed, the build plate is lowered and the next is added on top of the previous one.
Typical manufacturing techniques are known as ‘Subtractive Manufacturing’ because the process is
one of removing material from a preformed block. Processes such as Milling and Cutting are
subtractive manufacturing techniques. This type of process creates a lot of waste since; the material
that is cut off generally cannot be used for anything else and is simply sent out as scrap. 3D
Printing eliminates such waste since the material is placed in the location that it is needed only, the
rest will be left out as empty space. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing (3DP)
creates physical products from a digital design file by joining or forming input substrate materials
using a layer- upon-layer printing approach. There are seven major printing technologies today.
Each has a different way of processing input materials into a final product. Combined with
advanced scanning, 3DP technologies allow physical products to be converted into digital design
files and vice versa. Going forward, 3DP has the power to transform the digital-physical interface
for product design, development, and manufacturing.
4. 2
1.6 Table of Content
cover page …………………………………………………………………….. i
acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………. iI
abstract …………………………………………………………………………. iii
1.0. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………. 1
1.1 background……………………………………………………………… 3
1.2 objectives of the seminar……………………………………… 4
1.3 significance of the seminar……………………………………………. 5
1.4 scope of the seminar ………………………………………………… 6
1.5 constraints and limitations…………………………………………… 7
1.6 table of content ………………………………………. 8
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………..……………… 9
3.0 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………….. 10
3.1 3d printing technology…………………………………………………… 10
3.2 Modelling…………………………………………………………………. 11
3.3 printing……………………………………………………………… 11
3.4 types of 3d printing technology……………………………………….. 13
3.5 current and future applications of 3d printing………………………. 17
3.6 designing for 3d printing………………………………………….. 20
4.0 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………….. 21
5.0 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 22
6. 4
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Digital fabrication will allow individuals to design and produce tangible objects on demand,
wherever and whenever they need them. The revolution is not additive versus subtractive
manufacturing, it is the ability to turn data into things and things into data. Layer by layer
production allows for much greater flexibility and creativity in the design process. No longer do
designers have to design for manufacture, but instead they can create a part that is lighter and
stronger by means of better design. Parts can be completely re-designed so that they are stronger in
the areas that they need to be and lighter overall.
3D Printing significantly speeds up the design and prototyping process. There is no problem with
creating one part at a time, and changing the design each time it is produced. Parts can be created
within hours. Bringing the design cycle down to a matter of days or weeks compared to months.
Also, since the price of 3D printers has decreased over the years, some 3D printers are now within
financial reach of the ordinary consumer or small company.
7. 5
1.1 BACKGROUND
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), refers to processes used to create a three-
dimensional object in which layers of material are formed under computer control to create an
object. Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced using digital model data
from a 3D model or another electronic data source such as an Additive Manufacturing File (AMF)
file. The term “3D printing” originally referred to a process that deposits a binder material onto a
powder bed with inkjet printer heads layer by layer. More recently, the term is being used in
popular vernacular to encompass a wider variety of additive manufacturing techniques. United
States and global technical standards use the official term additive manufacturing for this broader
sense. ISO/ASTM52900-15 defines seven categories of AM processes within its meaning: binder
jetting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet
lamination and vat photopolymerization.
8. 6
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR
We live in an age that is witness to what many are calling the Third Industrial Revolution. 3D
printing, more professionally called additive manufacturing, moves us away from the era of mass
production line, and will bring us to a new reality of customizable, one-off production. This study
focuses on areas additive manufacturing differs from traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D
printing areas of application.
i. 3D printing is used in biomedical engineering to create body parts and parts of organs.
iii. To use 3D printing to create functional parts that can be used for testing in Aerospace and
Automobile Manufacturing
iv. In Construction and Architecture, architects and city planners have been using 3D printers
to create a model of the layout or shape of a building for many years.
v. 3D printing is used in product prototyping to create parts that will look and feel exactly like
the finished product
9. 7
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEMINAR
Additive manufacturing using 3D printers has in recent years seen wide acceptance by
manufacturers for different products ranging from printing of spare parts, Human organs, use in
space, fashion accessories, home appliances etc. This is due to the profound advantages of 3D
printing over the traditional method of printing known as subtractive manufacturing.
3D printing is significant to manufacturing in various ways they include:
i. Mass customization: The ability to create custom-built designs opens doors to unlimited
possibilities.
ii. New capabilities: Complex products can be mass produced without high fixed-cost capital
investments and at a lower variable cost than traditional methods.
iii. Lead time and speed: Shorter design, process, and production cycles get products to
market faster.
iv. Supply chain simplification: Production is closer to the point of demand with much less
inventory.
v. Waste reduction: With unused powder being reused for successive printing, much less
material is wasted.
10. 8
1.4 SCOPE OF THE SEMINAR
This seminar material covers current and future applications of 3d printing technology in
different areas of human endeavour. NASA engineers are 3-D printing parts, which are
structurally stronger and more reliable than conventionally crafted parts, for its space launch
system. The Mars Rover comprises some 70 3-D-printed custom parts.
Medicine is perhaps one of the most exciting areas of application. Beyond the use of
3-D printing in producing prosthetics and hearing aids, it is being deployed to treat
challenging medical conditions, and to advance medical research, including in the area of
regenerative medicine. The breakthroughs in this area are rapid and awe-inspiring.
NASA has already tested a 3D printer on the International Space Station, and recently
announced its requirement for a high resolution 3D printer to produce spacecraft parts
during deep space missions. The US Army has also experimented with a truck-mounted 3D
printer capable of outputting spare tank and other vehicle components in the battlefield.
As noted above, 3D printers may also be used to make future buildings. To this end, a team
at Loughborough University is working on a 3D concrete printing project that could allow
large building components to be 3D printed on-site to any design, and with improved
thermal properties.
Another possible future application is in the use of 3D printers to create replacement organs
for the human body. This is known as bio printing, and is an area of rapid development.
11. 9
1.5 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS
Hardware could be five to seven years away from achieving the technical and cost requirements
needed to go beyond the current 3D printing prototyping role into supporting production across
broad, multi-material categories. Existing hardware architectures do not support 3D printing of all
materials and this is a major constraint. In both education and design capability, 3D design thinking
is preventing mass adoption by companies and consumers.
The limitations of 3D printing in general include expensive hardware and expensive materials. This
leads to expensive parts, thus making it hard if you were to compete with mass production. It also
requires a CAD designer to create what the customer has in mind, and can be expensive if the part is
very intricate. 3D Printing is not the answer to every type of production method, however its
advancement is helping accelerate design and engineering more than ever before. Through the use
of 3D printers designers are able to create one of a kind piece of art, intricate building and product
designs and also make parts while in space.
We are beginning to see the impact of 3D printing in many industries. There have been articles
saying that 3D printing will bring about the next industrial revolution, by returning a means of
production back within reach of the designer or the consumer.
12. 10
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
3D printers have been noted to be an environmental hazard due to them emitting microscopic
particles and chemicals that have been linked to asthma. A National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) report notes these emissions peaked a few minutes after printing started
and returned to baseline levels 100 minutes after printing ended. The problem was reduced by using
manufacturer-supplied covers and full enclosures, using proper ventilation, keeping workers away
from the printer while wearing respirators, turning off the printer if it jammed, and using lower
emission printers and filaments (It must also be noted that 3D printing drastically reduces the
wastage of material, resulting in less pollution, and is therefore safer for environment.)
Additive manufacturing, starting with today’s infancy period, requires manufacturing firms to be
flexible, ever- improving users of all available technologies to remain competitive. Advocates of
additive manufacturing also predict that this arc of technological development will counter
globalisation, as end users will do much of their own manufacturing rather than engage in trade to
buy products from other people and corporations. The real integration of the newer additive
technologies into commercial production, however, is more a matter of complementing traditional
subtractive methods rather than displacing them entirely. (“Jeremy Rifkin and The Third Industrial
Revolution Home Page”. The third industrial revolution.com. visited 2017-01-04)
13. 11
3.0 DISCUSSION
Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing (3DP) creates physical products from a digital
design file by joining or forming input substrate materials using a layer- upon-layer printing
fig.1
approach. 3D printers use a variety of very different types of additive manufacturing
technologies, but they all share one core thing in common, they create a three dimensional
object by building it layer by successive layer, until the entire object is complete. It’s much
like printing in two dimensions on a sheet of paper, but with an added third dimension: UP.
The Z-axis.
Technology Material type
Photo- polymerization • Plastics
• Ceramics and wax
Material extrusion • Plastics
• Sand
Sheet lamination • Plastics
• Metals
Binder jetting • Plastics
• Metals
• Glass
Material jetting • Plastics
• Metals
• Wax and biomaterial
Powder bed fusion • Plastics
• Metals
• Ceramics, sand, and carbon
Direct energy deposition • Metals
14. 12
In the 2D world, a sheet of printed paper output from a printer was “designed” on the
computer in a program such as Microsoft Word. The file - the Word document which
contains the instructions that tell the printer what to do.
In the 3D world, a 3D printer also needs to have instructions for what to print. It needs a file
as well. The file, a Computer Aided Design (CAD) file is created with the use of a 3D
modelling program, either from scratch or beginning with a 3D model created by a 3D
scanner. Either way, the program creates a file that is sent to the 3D printer. Along the way,
software slices the design into hundreds, or more likely thousands, of horizontal layers.
These layers will be printed one atop the other until the 3D object is done.
3.1 3D Printing Technology
There are seven major printing technologies today.
Each has a different way of processing input materials into a final product. Combined with
advanced scanning, 3DP technologies allow physical products to be converted into digital design
files and vice versa. Going forward, 3DP has the power to transform the digital-physical interface
for product design, development, and manufacturing.
15. 13
3.2 Modelling
3D printable models may be created with a computer- aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D
scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. 3D printed models created with
CAD result in reduced errors and can be corrected before printing, allowing verification in the
design of the object before it is printed.
The manual modelling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to
plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and
appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it.
3.3 Printing
Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it must first be examined for errors. Most CAD
applications produce errors in output STL files: holes, faces normals, self-intersections, noise shells
or manifold errors. A step in the STL generation known as “repair” fixes such problems in the
original model. Generally STLs that have been produced from a model obtained through 3D
scanning often have more of these errors. This is due to how 3D scanning works-as it is often by
point to point acquisition, reconstruction will include errors in most cases.
Once completed, the STL file needs to be processed by a piece of software called a “slicer,” which
converts the model into a series of thin layers and produces a G-code file containing instructions
tailored to a specific type of 3D printer (FDM printers). This G-code file can then be printed with
3D printing client software (which loads the G-code, and uses it to instruct the 3D printer during the
3D printing process).
Printer resolution describes layer thickness and X-Y resolution in dots per inch (dpi) or micrometers
(μm). Typical layer thickness is around 100 μm (250 DPI), although some machines can print layers
16. 14
as thin as 16 μm (1,600 DPI). X-Y resolution is comparable to that of laser printers. The particles
(3D dots) are around 50 to 100 μm (510 to 250 DPI) in diameter.
Construction of a model with contemporary methods can take anywhere from several hours to
several days, de- pending on the method used and the size and complexity of the model. Additive
systems can typically reduce this time to a few hours, although it varies widely depending on the
type of machine used and the size and number of models being produced simultaneously.
Traditional techniques like injection moulding can be less expensive for manufacturing polymer
products in high quantities, but additive manufacturing can be faster, more flexible and less
expensive when producing relatively small quantities of parts. 3D printers give designers and
concept development teams the ability to produce parts and concept models using a desktop size
printer.
Seemingly paradoxically, more complex objects can be cheaper for 3D printing production than less
complex objects. (Hideo Kodama, “A Scheme for Three-Dimensional Display by Automatic
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Model,” IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics (Japanese
Edition), vol.J64-C, No.4, pp.237–241, April 1981)
3.4 Types of 3D Printing Technology
3.4.1 FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling:
Fused Deposition Modelling, is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for
modelling, prototyping, and production applications. FDM works on an "additive" principle by
laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies
material to an extrusion nozzle which can turn the flow on and off. The nozzle is heated to melt the
17. 15
material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled
mechanism, directly controlled by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software package. The
model or part is produced by extruding small beads of thermoplastic material to form layers as the
material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle. Stepper motors or servo motors are
typically employed to move the extrusion head. FDM, a prominent form of rapid prototyping, is
used for prototyping and rapid manufacturing. Rapid prototyping facilitates iterative testing, and for
very short runs, rapid manufacturing can be a relatively inexpensive alternative.
Advantages: Cheaper since uses plastic, more expensive models use a different (water soluble)
material to remove supports completely. Even cheap 3D printers have enough resolution for many
applications.
Disadvantages: Supports leave marks that require removing and sanding. Warping, limited testing
allowed due to Thermo plastic material.
3.4.2 SLA – Stereolithography:
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process which employs a vat of liquid
ultraviolet curable photopolymer "resin" and an ultraviolet laser to build parts' layers one at a time.
For each layer, the laser beam traces a cross-section of the part pattern on the surface of the liquid
resin. Exposure to the ultraviolet laser light cures and solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and
joins it to the layer below. After the pattern has been traced, the SLA's elevator platform descends
by a distance equal to the thickness of a single layer, typically 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm (0.002" to
0.006"). Then, a resin- filled blade sweeps across the cross section of the part, re-coating it with
fresh material. On this new liquid surface, the subsequent layer pattern is traced, joining the
18. 16
previous layer. A complete 3-D part is formed by this process. After being built, parts are immersed
in a chemical bath in order to be cleaned of excess resin and are subsequently cured in an ultraviolet
oven. Stereolithography requires the use of supporting structures which serve to attach the part to
the elevator platform, prevent deflection due to gravity and hold the cross sections in place so
that they resist lateral pressure from the re-coater blade. Supports are generated automatically
during the preparation of 3D Computer Aided Design models for use on the stereolithography
machine, although they may be manipulated manually. Supports must be removed from the finished
product manually, unlike in other, less costly, rapid prototyping technologies.
Advantages and Disadvantages
One of the advantages of stereolithography is its speed; functional parts can be manufactured within
a day. The length of time it takes to produce one particular part depends on the size and complexity
of the project and can last from a few hours to more than a day. Most stereolithography machines
can produce parts with a maximum size of approximately 50×50×60 cm (20"×20"×24") and some,
such as the Mammoth stereolithography machine (which has a build platform of 210×70×80 cm),
are capable of producing single parts of more than 2m in length. Prototypes made by
stereolithography are strong enough to be machined and can be used as master patterns for injection
moulding, thermoforming, blow moulding, and various metal casting processes.
Although stereolithography can produce a wide variety of shapes, it has often been expensive; the
cost of photo-curable resin has long ranged from $80 to $210 per litre, and the cost of
stereolithography machines has ranged from $100,000 to more than $500,000.
Cheaper SLA 3D printers have been created recently and one can only assume that in the future
more will be created that are within the price range of individuals.
3.4.3 SLS - Selective lasersintering
19. 17
Selective laser sintering is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for
example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser
sintering), ceramic, or glass powders into a mass that has a desired three-dimensional shape. The
laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital
description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed.
After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer
of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed.
Because finished part density depends on peak laser power, rather than laser duration, a SLS
machine typically uses a pulsed laser. The SLS machine preheats the bulk powder material in the
powder bed somewhat below its melting point, to make it easier for the laser to raise the
temperature of the selected regions the rest of the way to the melting point.
Some SLS machines use single-component powder, such as direct metal laser sintering. However,
most SLS machines use two-component powders, typically either coated powder or a powder
mixture. In single-component powders, the laser melts only the outer surface of the particles
(surface melting), fusing the solid non-melted cores to each other and to the previous layer.
Compared with other methods of additive manufacturing, SLS can produce parts from a relatively
wide range of commercially available powder materials. These include polymers such
as nylon (neat, glass-filled, or with other fillers) or polystyrene, metals including steel, titanium,
alloy mixtures, and composites and green sand. The physical process can be full melting, partial
melting, or liquid-phase sintering. Depending on the material, up to 100% density can be achieved
with material properties comparable to those from conventional manufacturing methods. In many
cases large numbers of parts can be packed within the powder bed, allowing very high productivity.
SLS is performed by machines called SLS systems. SLS technology is in wide use around the world
due to its ability to easily make very complex geometries directly from digital CAD data. While it
began as a way to build prototype parts early in the design cycle, it is increasingly being used in
limited-run manufacturing to produce end-use parts. One less expected and rapidly growing
20. 18
application of SLS is its use in art. (“3D Printing: What You Need to Know”. PCMag.com Visited
2017-1-04. Apparatus for Production of Three-Dimensional Objects by Stereolithography 1984-08-
08)
Benefits
SLS has many benefits over traditional manufacturing techniques. Speed is the most obvious
because no special tooling is required and parts can be built in a matter of hours. Additionally, SLS
allows for more rigorous testing of prototypes. Since SLS can use most alloys, prototypes can now
be functional hardware made out of the same material as production components.
SLS is also one of the few additive manufacturing technologies being used in production. Since the
components are built layer by layer, it is possible to design internal features and passages that could
not be cast or otherwise machined. Complex geometries and assemblies with multiple components
can be simplified to fewer parts with a more cost effective assembly. SLS does not require special
tooling like castings, so it is convenient for short production runs.
Applications
This technology is used to manufacture direct parts for a variety of industries including aerospace,
dental, medical and other industries that have small to medium size, highly complex parts and the
tooling industry to make direct tooling inserts. With a build envelop of 250 x 250 x 185 mm, and
the ability to ‘grow’ multiple parts at one time, SLS is a very cost and time effective technology.
The technology is used both for rapid prototyping, as it decreases development time for new
products, and production manufacturing as a cost saving method to simplify assemblies and
complex geometries.
3.5 Current and future applications of 3D Printing
21. 19
3.5.1 Biomedical Engineering
In recent years scientists and engineers have already been able to use 3D printing technology to
create body parts and parts of organs. The first entire organ created through 3D Printing is expected
to be done in the coming years. The process of creating the organ or body part is exactly the same
as if you were to create a plastic or metal part, however, instead the raw material used are biological
cells created in a lab. By creating the cells specifically for a particular patient, one can be certain
that the patient’s body will not reject the organ.
Another application of 3D printing in the biomedical field is that of creating limbs and other body
parts out of metal or other materials to replace lost or damaged limbs. Prosthetic limbs are required
in many parts of the world due to injuries sustained during war or by disease. Currently prosthetic
limbs are very expensive and generally are not customized for the patient’s needs. 3D printing is
being used to design and produce custom prosthetic limbs to meet the patient’s exact requirements.
By scanning the patient’s body and existing bone structure, designers and engineers are able to re-
create the lost part of that limb.
3.5.2 Aerospace and Automobile Manufacturing
High technology companies such as aerospace and automobile manufacturers have been using 3D
printing as a prototyping tool for some time now. However, in recently years, with further
advancement in 3D printing technology, they have been able to create functional parts that can be
used for testing. This process of design and 3D printing has allowed these companies to advance
their designs faster than ever before due to the large decrease in the design cycle. From what used to
take months between design and the physical prototype, now within hours the design team can have
a prototype in their hands for checks and testing.
The future of 3D printing in these industries lies with creating working parts directly from a 3D
printer for use in the final product, not just for testing purposes. This process is already underway
for future cars and aircraft. The way in which 3D printing works (creating a part layer by layer)
allows the designer to create the part exactly the way is needs to be to accomplish the task at hand.
22. 20
Extremely complex geometry can be easily created using a 3D printer, allowing for parts to be
lighter, yet stronger than their machined counterparts.
3.5.3 Construction and Architecture
Architects and city planners have been using 3D printers to create a model of the layout or shape of
a building for many years. Now they are looking for ways of employing the 3D printing concept to
create entire buildings. There are already prototype printer systems that use concrete and other more
specialized materials to create a structure similar to a small house. The goal is the replace many
cranes and even construction workers with these printing systems. They would work by using the
3D design model created on CAD software, to create a layer by layer pattern on the building just as
a normal 3D printer works today. Most of the innovation in this area will have to come from the
creation of the appropriate materials.
3.5.4 Product Prototyping
The creation of a new product is always one of that involves many iterations of the same design. 3D
Printing revolutionized the industry by allowing designers to create and the next day see and touch
their design. No longer did it take several meetings for everyone to agree on one design to create,
and then wait months for the actual part to arrive. Nowadays a version of each idea is created and
the next day, all are reviewed together, thus giving the ability to compare and contrast each one’s
features. Plastic parts for example require moulds and tooling to be created, these custom parts are
expensive to create, therefore one must be certain the part designed meets the requirements. With
3D printing you can create a part that will look and feel exactly like the finished product. Some
parts can also be tested just as the real injection moulded part would. (Jane Bird (2012-08-08).
“Exploring the 3D printing opportunity”. The Financial Times. Visited 2017-03-04)
3.6 Designing for 3D Printing
23. 21
All the parts created using a 3D printer need to be designed using some kind of CAD software. This
type of production depends mostly on the quality of the CAD design and also the precision of the
printer. There are many types of CAD software available, some are free others require you to buy
the software or have a subscription. Deciding what type of CAD software is good for you will
depend on the requirements of what you are designing. However for beginners, that simply want to
learn CAD and create basic shapes and features, any of the free CAD software packages will do.
When designing a part to be 3D printed the following points need to be kept in mind:
i. The part needs to be a solid, that is, not just a surface; it needs to have a real volume.
ii. Creating very small, or delicate features may not be printed properly, this depends greatly
on the type of 3D printer that is going to be used.
iii. Parts with overhanging features will need supports to be printed properly. This should be
taken into account since after the model needs to be cleaned by removing the supports.
This may not be an issue unless the part is very delicate, since it might break.
iv. Be sure to calibrate the 3D printer before using it, it is essential to ensure that the part
sticks properly to the build plate. If it does not, at some point the part may come loose and
ruin the entire print job.
v. Some thought should be given to the orientation of the part, since some printers are more
precise on the X and Y axes, then the Z axis. (Hideo Kodama, “A Scheme for Three-Dimensional
Display by Automatic Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Model,” IEICE TRANSACTIONS on
Electronics (Japanese Edition), vol.J64-C, No.4, pp.237–241, April 1981)
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4.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusively 3D Printing Technology creates breakthrough value in product design and production.
Across five dimensions, 3D Printing offers distinct benefits that traditional manufacturing cannot
deliver. 3 Dimensional printing (3DP) makes it as cheap to create single items as it is to produce
thousands and thus undermines economies of scale. Just as nobody could have predicted the impact
of transistor in 1950, it is impossible to foresee the long term impact of 3D printing the technology
is here, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches. Standard applications include design
visualization, prototyping/CAD, metal casting, architecture, education, geospatial, healthcare, and
entertainment/retail.
3D printer came with immense number of applications. All the traditional methods of printing
causes wastage of resources. But 3D printer only uses the exact amount of material for printing.
This enhances the efficiency. If the material is very costly, 3d printing techniques can be used to
reduce the wastage of material.
Consider printing of a complex geometry like combustion chamber of a rocket engine. The 3D
printing will enhances the strength and accuracy of the object. Conventional methods uses parts by
parts alignment. This will cause weak points in structures. But in the case of 3D printed object, the
whole structure is a single piece.
3D printer has numerous application in every field it touches. Since it is a product development
device, rate of production, customization and prototyping capabilities need to be considered
With 3D printing, complexity is free. The printer doesn’t care if it makes the most rudimentary
shape or the most complex shape, and that is completely turning design and manufacturing on its
head as we know it.
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5.0 REFERENCES
1. “3D Printer Technology – Animation of layering”. Create It Real. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
2. “Jeremy Rifkin and The Third Industrial Revolution Home Page”. The third industrial
revolution.com. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
3. “A third industrial revolution”. The Economist. 2012-04- 21. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
4. Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing–General Principles – Terminology.
ASTM International. September 2013, Retrieved 2016-07-11
5. Jane Bird (2012-08-08). “Exploring the 3D printing opportunity”. The Financial Times.
Retrieved 2012-08-30.
6. Hideo Kodama, “A Scheme for Three-Dimensional Display by Automatic Fabrication of
Three-Dimensional Model,” IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics (Japanese
Edition), vol.J64-C, No.4, pp.237–241, April 1981
7. Hideo Kodama, “Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model
with photo-hardening polymer,” Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 52, No. 11, pp.
1770–1773, November 1981
8. “3D Printing: What You Need to Know”. PCMag.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30.
Apparatus for Production of Three-Dimensional Objects by Stereolithography
(1984-08-08),
9. Jean-Claude, Andre. “Disdpositif pour realiser un modele de piece industrielle”. National
De La Propriete Industrielle.
10. Mendoza, Hannah Rose (2015-05-15). “Alain Le Méhauté, The Man Who Submitted Patent
For SLA 3D Printing Before Chuck Hull”. 3dprint.com.