TRATAMIENTOS DE AGUAS RESIDUALES

1. SOME CURRENT TRENDS IN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Part I: Water Treatment
Iñaki del Campo – Director de Propuestas
Degremont LATAM
November 2014

2. 2013 2
Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Trends in Water Treatment
1.Optimization of Energy and carbon footprint
2.Compactness and Induced Advantages
3.Micropollutants
4.Reuse of Treated Water

3. 2013 3
Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Trends in Sludge Treatment
1. Combined strategy with water treatment
for optimization of the energetic potential of
organic matter
2. The final disposal:
• Landfilling,
• Beneficial use
» Agriculture / Soil application
» Energy
» Commercial Products
3. Sludge Technologies

4. 2013 4
SUMMARY Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
• WATER TREATMENT
Reduction of Energy Consumption
and Carbon Footprint
Water to (Water and Energy)
• SLUDGE TREATMENT
Optimization of “Internal Fuel”
in Sewage Water
Sludge to Energy
Balance between Electrical and Thermal Energy

5. 2013 5
REDUCTION of ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION and BILL
The WWTP of the FUTURE will optimize the use of electrical energy and the relating
costs …
No real gap at short term
but CUMULATIVE actions on MINOR points (VFDs for instance) and MAJOR points as:
– Aeration of aerobic biological reactors (40 to 60% of the total WWTP consumption)
– Improvement of mixing requirements
– Improvement of ventilation/deodorization
WATER LINE
1. Optimization of Energy and Carbon Footprint

6. 2013 6
DESIGN of WWTPs - TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
LA FARFANA – Santiago de Chile
1 million m3/d
PARIS – Colombes (France)
DWF 240,000 m3/d – WWF 1 million m3/d
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
No land constraints
Land constraints

7. 2013 7
Panama City – 1 million inhabitants
240,000 m3/d
DESIGN of WWTPs - TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
CANNES – French Riviera : 300,000 Inhabitants
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

8. 2013 8
Compact WWTPs require 2 to 5
times less Surface than conventional
ones
Reduction of Land
Requirements
& Associated Costs
Reduction of Nuisances
(Noise, Odours)
Architectural
Integration
COMPACTNESS
Possible
Construction of
WWTPs
in
City Centers
Significant savings
in Main Interceptors
Nice’s WWTP
220,000 m3/d
COMPACTNESS is a FANTASTIC DRIVER for DESIGN
OPTIMIZATION
Busan Korea
126,000 m3/d
Minimized Operation Cost
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

9. 2013 9
COMPACT TECHNOLOGIES in water lines*
Huge development of compact technologies in the past
decades and still evolving for:
 Primary sedimentation
 Biological treatment
with activated sludge (suspended growth biomass),
including SBR and MBR
with attached growth biomass (Biofilters, MBBR)
or with mixed processes (IFAS / MBBR)
 Rain water treatment
* Sludge treatment is not very surface consuming
(except solar drying, composting, …)
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

10. 2013 10
HYDRAULIC LOADS for PRIMARY SETTLING TANKS… and TERTIARY
Conventional With lamellar Modules*
Clarifiers Without coagulants With coagulants
Surface 3 to 5 m3/m2.h 20 m3/m2.h 30 to 100 m3*/m2.h for
loading domestic sewage
rates depending on the
at peak flow application
** storm conditions
* and optimised hydraulics SEDIPAC DENSADEG
DEGREMONT PRODUCTS
3 to 10 times more compact
Sludge recirculation:
it improves the flocculation
Thickened sludge
extraction
Treated
water
Raw
Water
Flocculation:
mixing tank: mixing of the polymer
plug tank: the flocs become heavier
Clarification:
heaviest flocs settle
lightest flocs are retained in the lamellae
Coagulation:
formation of the
small flocs
The DENSADEGTM
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

11. 2013 11
Discontinuous process : Cyclor® : all in one
Clarifier
Biological sequenced treatement :
CYCLOR®
+Biological tank
A conventional treatment in one step :
Degremont SBR - Cyclor
Continuous process : 2 separated works (biological
treatment and clarification)

12. 2013 12
Sequenced Batch Reactor : Cyclor

13. 2013 13
DESIGN : 415 000 PE
75 000– 130 000 m3/d
7 200m3/h
Start 2011
DESIGN : 415 000 PE
75 000– 130 000 m3/d
7 200m3/h
Start 2011
 Water line
 Pumping station 12 m3/s with screens
 Pretreatment 6 m3/s (Grit & Grease)
 File 1 (2 m3/s) : Cyclor® (2x4 cells – 2000 m2 each)
 File 2 (CSO, 4 m3/s) : Densadeg 2D100
 Sludge line :
 GDE
 Filter press
 Incinération with Thermylis
 Odor removal Azurair C
LE HAVRE - (76, France)
Balance 1/3/13 – 1/11/13
Parameter
Average
Inlet
(mg/L)
Average outlet (mg/L)
data Target
TSS 229 5 15
BOD5 211 4 20
TN 49 6.5 10
TP 5.3 0.6 1
One of the 85 Cyclor reference : Le Havre - France

14. 2013 14
Elements
are grouped
in
cassettes
Fibres are
assembled in
elements
Activated sludge is separated from interstitial treated water by
ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES
- No final sedimentation
very significant surface gain
- High quality of treated water
in SS, Turbidity, Faecal Coliforms,
Phosphorus, SDI
- Ideal for Reuse Applications in
Irrigation or Combined with Downstream
Reverse Osmosis (R.O.) if TDS reduction
requested
MBR
Biological Treatment with Activated Sludge
Development of The MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS
Opposite Trends: WATER QUALITY vs CARBON FOOTPRINT
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Example: PARIS WWTP / ACHERES – a MBR for 300 MLD

15. 2013 15
A CASE STUDY
Current Status:
 A conventional WWTP
 Built over 70 years in
various stages
 Non integrated in the
region
 Odour nuisances
 Bad impact on
neighbourhood
- claims
- devaluation of real estate
values
The biggest WWTP in Europe > 2 millions m3/day
GREAT PARIS / ACHERES (North West)
70 m3/s in Storm Conditions
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

16. 2013 16
The FUTURE
Approx. 10 Years of Works
Complete rehabilitation of the site
 Nuisances ZERO
 Environmental INTEGRATION
 COMPLETE RECOVERY
of the real estate value in the
neighbourhood
A pretreatment passing 70 m3/s
(Storm peak)
A biological treatment passing up to
2,200 MLD with a peak of 51 m3/s
Biological filtration +
MBR for 300 MLD
GREAT PARIS / ACHERES (NORTH WEST)
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
The largest in the World

17. 2013 17
BIOFORTM
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT with attached growth biomass
Recent Trends:
• Biofiltration
a biological reactor with an aerobic / or anoxic biomass
attached to a fine granular media 2.7 to 4.5 mm
acting as a filter
no final clarification
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Degrémont BIOFOR
BIOFOR C
BIOFOR N
BIOFOR DN

18. 2013 18
References in the World are very numerous > 100
BIOFILTRATION: OSLO (Norway)– Built in rock caverns
400,000 m3/d
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

19. 2013 19
BIOFILTRATION – References in the world are very numerous
DALIAN – China / 120,000 m3/d
XIAMEN – China / 300,000 m3/d
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Some in CHINA

20. 2013 20
Another Example: PARIS CENTRAL WWTP(Colombes) - France
•32,400 m² underground
•13,000 m² above ground
BOD5 pollution equivalent to 2.2 million
inhabitants in storm conditions.
1,000,000 m3/d in storm
conditions
A CASE STUDY WITH STORM WATER
TREATMENT
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
The WWTP

21. 2013 21
COLOMBES WWTP – PARIS’ CENTRAL WWTP
Capacity: 240,000 m3/d in Dry
weather
1,035,000 m3/d in Storm
conditions
About 1 million Inhabitants
Commissioned in 1998
Ambitious Objectives
•Flexible Treatment
•Fully urbanized Background
•Zero nuisances (odour, noise)
•Limitation of space
•Fine architectural design
•3 sludge's disposal routes :
– Dewatered or ashes
– incineration, road and boat
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

22. 2013 22
MOVING BED BIOREACTORS MBBR
Meteor 660 type *
• Protected surface: 660 m²/m3
• Diameter: 12.2 mm
• Length: 12.0 mm
• Material: HDPE
* Two other types existing 450 and 515 m²/m3
METEOR
as carrier
2 possible ways:
• IFAS
Integrated Fixed film
Activated Sludge process
• MBBR
Moving Bed BioReactor
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

23. 2013 23
MBBR Configurations for CARBON and NITROGEN REMOVAL
Dissolved Air Flotation
Microscreening – 10 µ
Other type of microscreening
– 10 µ
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
GREENDAF
COMPACK
BLUE D
COMPACK
BLUE M
• MBBR
— All biological stages C, N, DN with attached growth
biomass on METEOR
Associated with very compact final separation stages
— High rate Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)
— Microstraining

24. 2013 24
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Some references with METEOR:
– USA:
• GROTON (Connecticut) 23,000 m3/d
• FALLING CREEK (Virginia) 7,000 m3/d
• PROCTORS CREEK (Virginia) 5,000 m3/d
• EAST PROVIDENCE (Rhode Island) 54,000 m3/d
– BANGLADESH
• DHAKA 474,000 m3/d
MBBR for Nitrification in DW
(15-20 mg/L NH4)

25. 2013 25
RAIN WEATHER applications (Combined Sewers)
Many possibilities depending on:
• Hydraulic peak factors
PF 3, 4, 5 … or higher
• Tertiary treatment with Phosphorus precipitation, if any
• Biological treatment of Rain / Storm water or not
• Trend: Environmental Protection 100% of Time
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

26. 2013 26
SOME CASE STUDIES with Applications
For DENSADEG and BIOFILTERS
• Example of MERU and LIMOGES (France) with Tertiary
Densadeg in DWF turned into WWF Settling Tanks
• Example of PARIS / Colombes with Primary Densadeg
followed by BIOFILTERS Treating CARBON in WWF
conditions
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

27. 2013 27
Example : WWTP of Meru
dry weather
running
wet weather
running
biological treatment
lifting station
DENSADEG
CSO 2D 100
biological treatment
lifting station
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Tertiary Treatment (P removal)
WWF Clarification
High Velocity *
* At lamellar surface

28. 2013 28
Transition from tertiary to primary CSO
Meru, France October 16th, 2002
DensaDeg® High-Rate Clarifier/Thickener
TSS COD(t) COD(s) BOD5 TKN Total P
Avg. Influent mg/l 277.6 325.1 39.2 70.5 17 2.5
Avg. Effluent mg/l 21.2 54.7 33 10.5 11.1 0.6
92% 83% 16% 85% 35% 76%
PARAMETERS
PERCENT REMOVAL
Plant Size - 2000 m3/h
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
75 m3/m².h -
25 m3/m².h -

29. 2013 29
Example : WWTP of Limoges
pretreatment
DENSADEG Tertiary
DENSADEG Tertiary
biological treatment
dry weather running
stormwater treatment
lifting station
wet weather
on standby of a biological line
DENSADEG 2D 100
lifting station
dry weather
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
High velocity *
* At lamellar surface

30. 2013 30
Example: COLOMBES – PARIS’ Central WWTP
CONFIGURATION with WET WEATHER
Peak flow of 1,035,000 m3/d
TN and TP objectives are abandoned
Turbocompressors
Pretreatment C.E.P.T
BIO 1st BIO 2nd BIO 3rd
FeCl3
Poly
9 Densadeg
140 m² Carbon Removal
24 filters
of 104 m²
29 filters of 111 m²
12 filters of 104 m²
BOD5 35 mg/l
SS 30 mg/l
WATER LINE
2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages

31. 2013 31
MICROPOLLUTANTS
Metals, Organic Compounds (pharmaceuticals and personal care
products, pesticides, industry compounds, solvents and
surfactants, emerging contaminants, …)
very low concentrations (µg/L, ng/L)
but toxic effects on Environment (endocrine disruptors)
and on potential drinking water sources (water tables, rivers)
Treated water quality
is adapted
Drinking Water
TP
Town B
RIVER
Many Countries practice an indirect recycling for drinking water production
WATER LINE
3. EMERGING MICROPOLLUTANTS in Sewage Water

32. 2013 32
• Secondary treatments 75-80% removal (average)*
(if SS/BOD5 20-30 mg/L)
• Not sufficient Tertiary or Quaternary treatments
necessary (in most of cases)
• Solutions:
– Extensive phyto remediation
– Adsorption (Active Carbon)
– Oxidation (O3 with catalyst) (if necessary)
– Membranes (NF or RO)
Possible combinations
Treatments
WATER LINE
3. MICROPOLLUTANTS in Sewage Water
* Very variable according to micropollutants family

33. 2013 33
A second life for water
EASY and CHEAP
-All technical tools - Additional costs are generally
are available limited unless Reverse osmosis
is involved for reducing salinity
-Recently UF membranes
Brought new prospects
but linked to very regional conditions climate, distance between the
WWTP and the end user, …
WATER LINE
4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…

34. 2013 34
CONVENTIONAL
ACTIVATED SLUDGE T.P.
FLOW DIAGRAMS without REVERSE OSMOSIS
M3+
PST SSTAT Coagulation
Sand
Filtration Disinfection
Ultrafiltration
Safety
Disinfection
BOD5 < 20 mg/l
SS < 20 mg/l
TN < 10 mg/l
Secondary
Treatment
PST MBR
Safety
Disinfection
UF Membrane
Bioreactor
Cl2
Irrigation
Irrigation
DOHA West (Qatar)
135 MLD
DOHA Lusail (Qatar)
60 MLD
Irrigation
BOD5 < 10 mg/l
SS < 5 mg/l
TN < 9 mg/l
BOD5 < 5 mg/l
SS < 1 mg/l
TN < 8-9 mg/l
BOD5 < 5 mg/l
SS < 1 mg/l
TN < 8-9 mg/l
WATER LINE
4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…

35. 2013 35
A case study in USA - West Basin (California): 110,000 m3/d
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Coagulation
Flocculation
Disinfection
Filtration
Disinfection
Disinfection
Disinfection
Disinfection
DisinfectionBiofilter
Biofor®N
Filter washwater
Densadeg®
RO
RO
RO
RO
UF/MF
UF/MF
Lime Accelator®
Chlorination
Chlorination
Multimedia filter
Title 22
Irrigation
Urban non potable uses
Refinery :
Low pressure boiler
High pressure boiler
Cooling tower
35% 65% MDW
Potable uses :
Groundwater recharge
HyperionWTP(LOSANGELES)
22 000 m3/d
28 000
m3/d
9 500
m3/d
19 000
m3/d
56 700
m3/d
WATER LINE
4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…

36. 2013 36
West Basin
Los Angeles
Airport
Golf
Refinery
Since 1995: 110,000 m3/d
Total capacity expected: 340,000 m3/d
Operated by United Water (Suez Environnement)
WATER LINE
4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…

37. 2013 37
Compakblue M Compakblue D Aquazur V Greendaf
Separation
Out-in
pile fiber cloth
media filtration
In-out
fine woven cloth
media filtration
Down flow
sand filtration
(1-1.5m)
Dissolved air flotation
P precipitation No No Little (< 0.5 mg P/L) Yes
Velocity (m/h)
250 gTSS/h/m2
or 8 m/h
350 gTSS/h/m2
or 8 m/h
15 m/h 25 m/h
Global headloss (mWC) 0.7 0.7 2.5 0.7
Extracted sludge conc.
(g/L)
0.5 1 0.3 15
TSS outlet (tertiary) 6 mg/L 10 mg/L 5-10 mg/L 10 mg/L
TSS outlet (meteor) 30 mg/L* 30 mg/L* - 15-20 mg/L*
Required footprint (m2)
/ m2 filtration area
0.2 0.2 1.6 2
Disc filter : Compackblue serie : alternative to conventional sand filter
WATER LINE
4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…