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The document discusses different types of media institutes that could distribute an independent filmmaker's product and the pros and cons of each. It contrasts independent production, which has a low budget and small staff focused more on commercial than creative work, with commercial production which has a large budget, many divisions, and produces feature films for cinema release. It also outlines different distribution options like film festivals, YouTube, university cinemas, social media, and UK distribution companies. The document recommends YouTube as a distribution choice for its ease of use, ability to market to other social media, and to get feedback via comments.
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Case study (TV) new and digital media
This document provides a case study and instructions for researching the history and development of television broadcasting in the UK. It includes questions about the launch dates of major services like Sky, BBC iPlayer, YouTube, and Netflix. Students are asked to research two contemporary TV shows, analyzing their budgets, distribution methods, official websites, apps, and use of social media. They should consider the positive and negative impacts of new digital media on the institutions, shows, and audiences.
Revision Task 2
This document summarizes several key issues in contemporary media ownership and practice:
1) Independents have less established reputations than conglomerates, making it harder for them to get funding and collaboration from other companies. Conglomerates can benefit from vertical integration across multiple stages of film production and distribution.
2) Cross-media convergence and synergy between companies in different media sectors can increase audience reach and promotional opportunities. Conglomerates are better positioned to leverage synergies due to their reputations and industry dominance.
3) New technologies like HD, 3D, and online/social media marketing have changed production and promotion, appealing to wider audiences but potentially disadvantaging those without online access. However,
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The document discusses how technology and ownership have affected the production, distribution, exhibition, and consumption of films. It notes that technology has allowed for smaller, independent films to be produced more quickly and cheaply using techniques like guerrilla filming. Larger companies have adopted technologies like HD and 3D. Ownership changes have led to more vertical and horizontal integration among companies, allowing for synergies in production. Both technology and ownership have facilitated new forms of distribution like online streaming and viral marketing. Audiences now have more options to view films using different devices and formats.
Question 3
This document discusses potential media institutions that could distribute an independent film product. It provides examples of major production companies like Warner Bros and 20th Century Fox that produce thriller films. It defines independent companies as those independent of broadcasters that produce programs for multiple broadcasters or for corporate clients. Lionsgate and Studiocanal are provided as examples. The document states that due to the filmmaker's amateur status and low-budget thriller film, a company specializing in the thriller genre would be most likely to distribute their product to the niche audience interested in that genre.
Previous ownership questions and writing frame
1) Large film companies produce big-budget blockbuster films using special effects and 3D to attract large audiences, while smaller independent companies tend to produce lower-budget British realist dramas that can be shown in film festivals.
2) Ownership can influence the genres that are produced, as large companies seek large profits through action and sci-fi films that showcase new technologies like 3D, while independents focus on niche genres that require smaller budgets.
3) Changes in ownership and new technologies have provided more opportunities for independents and more viewing choices for audiences, though big global institutions still dominate film production and aim to draw audiences back to theaters through immersive experiences.
Distribution
The internet provides opportunities for filmmakers through crowdfunding sites like Kickstarter and IndieGoGo for production funding. Online companies like Netflix and Amazon now produce their own films and Amazon allows audiences to choose scripts for future production. The internet also aids distribution by allowing video on demand (VOD) or simultaneous online and theater releases, as evidenced by films that have used these methods successfully. Specific articles are cited that provide examples of how VOD has helped box office numbers for films.
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This document discusses new forms of film distribution made possible by technology. It defines distribution as getting a product to consumers through marketing and logistics. Traditionally, major studios distributed films in cinemas and on video, marketing through TV, newspapers, and trailers. Technological changes like digital encoding allow global simultaneous releases, reducing piracy risks. Distribution is now quicker, cheaper, and less fragile. Streaming services and social media have replaced traditional rental shops and marketing. The document prompts examining how films are distributed and the advantages/disadvantages for audiences.
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Publicity companies use premieres and cast appearances to attract attention to films, hoping national media will cover these events for free publicity in newspapers, TV, and online. However, this approach is risky as the media may not report on the events, providing no publicity benefit.
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Revision Task 2
This document summarizes several key issues in contemporary media ownership and practice:
1) Independents have less established reputations than conglomerates, making it harder for them to get funding and collaboration from other companies. Conglomerates can benefit from vertical integration across multiple stages of film production and distribution.
2) Cross-media convergence and synergy between companies in different media sectors can increase audience reach and promotional opportunities. Conglomerates are better positioned to leverage synergies due to their reputations and industry dominance.
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The document discusses how technology and ownership have affected the production, distribution, exhibition, and consumption of films. It notes that technology has allowed for smaller, independent films to be produced more quickly and cheaply using techniques like guerrilla filming. Larger companies have adopted technologies like HD and 3D. Ownership changes have led to more vertical and horizontal integration among companies, allowing for synergies in production. Both technology and ownership have facilitated new forms of distribution like online streaming and viral marketing. Audiences now have more options to view films using different devices and formats.
Question 3
This document discusses potential media institutions that could distribute an independent film product. It provides examples of major production companies like Warner Bros and 20th Century Fox that produce thriller films. It defines independent companies as those independent of broadcasters that produce programs for multiple broadcasters or for corporate clients. Lionsgate and Studiocanal are provided as examples. The document states that due to the filmmaker's amateur status and low-budget thriller film, a company specializing in the thriller genre would be most likely to distribute their product to the niche audience interested in that genre.
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1) Large film companies produce big-budget blockbuster films using special effects and 3D to attract large audiences, while smaller independent companies tend to produce lower-budget British realist dramas that can be shown in film festivals.
2) Ownership can influence the genres that are produced, as large companies seek large profits through action and sci-fi films that showcase new technologies like 3D, while independents focus on niche genres that require smaller budgets.
3) Changes in ownership and new technologies have provided more opportunities for independents and more viewing choices for audiences, though big global institutions still dominate film production and aim to draw audiences back to theaters through immersive experiences.
Distribution
The internet provides opportunities for filmmakers through crowdfunding sites like Kickstarter and IndieGoGo for production funding. Online companies like Netflix and Amazon now produce their own films and Amazon allows audiences to choose scripts for future production. The internet also aids distribution by allowing video on demand (VOD) or simultaneous online and theater releases, as evidenced by films that have used these methods successfully. Specific articles are cited that provide examples of how VOD has helped box office numbers for films.
New forms of distribution
This document discusses new forms of film distribution made possible by technology. It defines distribution as getting a product to consumers through marketing and logistics. Traditionally, major studios distributed films in cinemas and on video, marketing through TV, newspapers, and trailers. Technological changes like digital encoding allow global simultaneous releases, reducing piracy risks. Distribution is now quicker, cheaper, and less fragile. Streaming services and social media have replaced traditional rental shops and marketing. The document prompts examining how films are distributed and the advantages/disadvantages for audiences.
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Publicity companies use premieres and cast appearances to attract attention to films, hoping national media will cover these events for free publicity in newspapers, TV, and online. However, this approach is risky as the media may not report on the events, providing no publicity benefit.
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2. Media conglomerates own massive companies across film, TV, music, publishing, and the internet, allowing them to fund large film productions and market films across all their subsidiary companies using synergy.
3. While some independent films are made outside the major studios in Britain with smaller budgets, these films often require partnerships with larger distributors to achieve wide release and profitability.
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This document discusses key concepts related to the film industry, including institutions, audiences, and technologies. It covers:
- The main institutions in the film industry are production companies, distributors, and cinemas/home video retailers. Each has distinct roles in creating, marketing, and exhibiting films.
- New media technologies have converged multiple functions into single devices and led to more content proliferation, affecting how institutions reach audiences.
- Audience consumption patterns illustrate trends influenced by institutional targeting and technology that institutions must consider.
Intro to case studies
The document discusses key concepts related to the film industry, including production, distribution, marketing, and exhibition. It provides examples of different types of film production models, from large Hollywood studio productions to independent films. It also defines important terms like cross-media convergence, synergy, technological convergence, and new media technologies. The document appears to be teaching materials that provide background information on the film industry and media institutions for an exam.
lesson 4
The document discusses key concepts related to the film industry, including production, distribution, marketing, and exhibition. It provides definitions and examples of how films move through these stages, from being produced, to being distributed and marketed in cinemas and home formats, and consumed by audiences. It also uses the 2006 film Kidulthood as a case study to illustrate these concepts, such as how it was produced with a small budget and found greater success on DVD than in cinemas.
Technology and proliferation
This document discusses how digital technology has impacted various aspects of the film industry, including production, distribution, marketing, and exhibition. It notes that digital technology has made it cheaper and easier for independent filmmakers to produce and distribute films. However, it has also enabled piracy and unauthorized downloading, which major studios see as a threat as it takes power away from them. The document discusses various ways the industry has tried to address these issues, and considers how new technologies may change the film viewing experience both at home and in cinemas.
Exam question G322 2016
The exam focuses on various areas related to media including media ownership, new media technologies, audience behavior, and industry convergence. Students may be asked about conglomerates like Rupert Murdoch's News Corp that use synergy across their properties to market films globally. The response provides examples of large Hollywood studios with massive budgets producing blockbusters, independent British productions with smaller budgets, and the role of institutions like the BBC in funding films. It also discusses the film production and distribution process, technological convergence enabling viewing on various devices, and how to structure exam responses.
Film distribution
Film distribution involves making a movie available to audiences through various platforms over time. Initially, films are typically shown in movie theaters. Then, around 16 weeks later, films are released on DVD and streaming services. After a few more months, films are released on pay TV and subscription streaming sites. Around two years later, films become available on free-to-air TV. Standard distribution aims to maximize profits by releasing films across different platforms over an extended period to maintain interest and generate income from multiple sources. Simultaneous distribution releases films on all platforms at once to appeal to different audience preferences but risks less promotion and investment.
Lesson One - Audience and Institutions
The document provides an overview of the film industry for an exam, including the key areas of production, distribution, and exhibition. It discusses how a film moves through these three stages, from being produced by a production company, to being distributed nationally and internationally by distributors in theaters and home markets, to finally being exhibited in theaters or bought for home viewing. It also explains the concepts of horizontal and vertical integration, where large parent companies own subsidiaries across different stages of the film industry.
My case study thursdya
This document discusses key topics related to media production, distribution, and audiences. It provides sample past exam questions focusing on how media products reach audiences within specific media areas. Key areas to study include production, distribution, marketing, exhibition, the impact of new technologies, convergence, and specific film industries. The importance of cross-media convergence and synergy for institutions and audiences is emphasized. Digital screens are growing in number, and case studies of films like Avatar, The Dark Knight, Harry Brown, and Street Dance 3D are presented to illustrate these concepts.
G322 film industry revision1
The document discusses media institutions and audiences in the context of the film industry. It provides information on several key areas:
1) Media conglomerates that own film studios, TV stations, and other media properties and can leverage synergy across platforms.
2) Independent films that typically have smaller budgets than major studio films but sometimes find success with distribution through larger studios.
3) Technological convergence, where media companies distribute content across multiple owned platforms like films released with soundtracks, online, and in owned theaters.
4) New technologies that have changed film production and consumption, such as digital filmmaking and viewing films on various devices.
G322 film industry revision
The document discusses key concepts for a media studies exam focusing on the film industry, including:
1. Exam questions may focus on areas like media ownership, synergy, new technologies, or audience consumption.
2. Media conglomerates own major film studios, TV stations, music labels, and other assets, allowing them to synergistically market and distribute films across platforms.
3. Independent films have smaller budgets but can still find success through partnerships with major distributors.
4. The exam may address film production, distribution, exhibition, and marketing. Successful responses provide specific examples and evidence.
Film production
There are two main stages of film production: distribution and exhibition. Distribution involves physically distributing the film and promoting it, which can now be done digitally through online stores or streaming. Exhibition is how the film is shown to audiences, traditionally in cinemas but now also through digital means like DVDs and online. For low-budget films, independent distribution through film festivals and digital platforms like YouTube is more feasible than large production companies. The transition to digital distribution and exhibition has reduced costs compared to the previous analogue model of physical film reels.
Film Industry
1. The exam questions may focus on various areas related to the film industry such as media ownership, synergy and cross-media convergence, new media technologies, how major industries target audiences, and personal media consumption.
2. Large media conglomerates own film studios, TV stations, record labels, magazines, newspapers, books, and internet platforms, allowing them to synergistically market and distribute their films across multiple subsidiaries. However, some independent films are produced outside the major studios with smaller budgets.
3. Technological convergence through devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, and game consoles, as well as services like video on demand, have changed how audiences consume media and given independents new distribution opportunities
Spiderman
Sony used various techniques to promote and profit from the Spiderman film across its different business divisions in a synergistic way:
- The film was distributed by Sony Pictures, the soundtrack featured artists signed to Sony Music labels, and the film was adapted into a video game for PlayStation consoles.
- Sony also benefited from product placements of its own products in the film and profits from related merchandise like toys, clothes and posters that promoted both the Spiderman brand and Sony.
- This vertical and horizontal integration across Sony's film, music, gaming and technology divisions allowed it to converge media platforms and spread the commercial potential of the Spiderman property more widely, while diversifying its business risks. Sony also engaged in
G322 Film Industry Revision
This document discusses key concepts for a media studies exam focusing on the film industry, including:
1. Exam questions may focus on areas like media ownership, synergy, new technologies, or audiences.
2. Media conglomerates own film studios, TV stations, music labels, and other assets, allowing them to synergistically market and distribute films.
3. Independent films often have smaller budgets than major studio films but can still find success through partnerships with larger distributors.
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- 1. 3. What kind of media institute would distribute your product and why? George Walker
- 2. Production Role: Provides physical basis for film EXAMPLES Independent Commercial -low budget -3 staff, each make films -mainly commercial over creative -vimeo regular -show reels -use film festivals -music videos -large budget -lots of divisions of the company -feature-length films -cinema releases -huge grosses -use of free-lance directors
- 3. Distribution Role: Marketing the film (most production companies also distribute) -film festivals – eg. Sundance, Raindance -Youtube - easy -university cinemas – takes planning -social media – easy but time consuming -UK distribution companies eg. Magnolia Pictures
- 4. New Technology • • • • Youtube – anyone can upload their work More readily available cameras More powerful computers Digital cameras over reel
- 5. Choice: YouTube -quick and easy -diverse and marketable to other social media -feedback in the comments