Trinity Kings World Leadership: Pittsburgh PA is the Headquarters of GOD's "C...Terrell Patillo
Isaiah 60:1-5New International Version (NIV)
The Glory of Zion
60 “Arise, shine, for your light has come,
and the glory of the Lord rises upon you.
2 See, darkness covers the earth
and thick darkness is over the peoples,
but the Lord rises upon you
and his glory appears over you.
3 Nations will come to your light,
and kings to the brightness of your dawn.
4 “Lift up your eyes and look about you:
All assemble and come to you;
your sons come from afar,
and your daughters are carried on the hip.
5 Then you will look and be radiant,
your heart will throb and swell with joy;
the wealth on the seas will be brought to you,
to you the riches of the nations will come.
Trinity Kings World Leadership: Pittsburgh PA is the Headquarters of GOD's "C...Terrell Patillo
Isaiah 60:1-5New International Version (NIV)
The Glory of Zion
60 “Arise, shine, for your light has come,
and the glory of the Lord rises upon you.
2 See, darkness covers the earth
and thick darkness is over the peoples,
but the Lord rises upon you
and his glory appears over you.
3 Nations will come to your light,
and kings to the brightness of your dawn.
4 “Lift up your eyes and look about you:
All assemble and come to you;
your sons come from afar,
and your daughters are carried on the hip.
5 Then you will look and be radiant,
your heart will throb and swell with joy;
the wealth on the seas will be brought to you,
to you the riches of the nations will come.
lnternational mics, 15th Edition 29
Chaptr:r' 2 1-h,
thi: er:onottiics olelrigratioti :lttcl itnnigration ;1nd thgr rol
of giobal coinPanics ilt tltc
i:'ans iet' ot' re30ltl"ces. itrcludi ng techtlologl" brtu'eett cot t
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ii.r thil c5apter.. ,"'il"ai{e Is lilput'ttttt." ltro',it'rc:s itrirrl'trtaij
]alional ilade.
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'i'rarle N{ini-{l
t'lide JecLi'i:cl rrtirch ntole lh^tl gtllr:l"iil cc11ncl111i; sciiYi
ilnd ecoriomic crisis.
Lei's ret,iitn' llte tlctttttltlics r-r1' d';ttlirnd alrrl sLrppl,v be re tvf iiliilli'
the'';* fools io
lr,i be onl3r nbotli a single plocittct (iiet'r':' r;totorbikesl' tt
l,)crra'4ers rri;ike cleJisiops aboltt brtyl'g titis prodLri
Sirl;1t1ier"s Llse rrlsollrcL-$ to prudtlce this oioduct" ancl
tlt
nrtrili:ikes arc llol :ivai1a'ble io 1:ri:ciuce othei'prodLrcts'
;rliy one pt-orlitct i'ciatir;e to *il oihtr gtiotls atlcl sttrvice
as ntticlt hitpprrtess or n'ell-br'iltg iin tcoitottlists'.jargoti
irrg thr: lirnitcd itictlttte riral tlre cilnslllller has availairle
,,'iir',h a ccttsr,inler bu.vs ill a pr"r'iclltcl is the persoll's ias
thc 1:ri:clttct. (,iivctt llte 1;elsotr'l; !a'q'cs, thc i:rice
of the p
rrtirci $roilttcts) aiso has ir ll-iaicr iltfllteitce t;tl hotl' tl1Llc
Ai a higitcr pnce ibr lhis prorir-rct. lhe colrsrtrner usttltll'
qirantitv ptircltitserl" AnotJrt-t ntajoi: iltilrtertce is tlle cons
ct's ittcoilte ittctelasi:s. the cot'tsritnc:'buvs tltorc oititatt'
iliore ol'this pt'oilLlt:t. ii ht-'cr.ti'tstllllrrr tltivs nrilie if titis
is ror the onlli possibilirl" - qualtit.v 1:tlrchas*rlis uuclra
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D*mand
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$i'irtconir. antl qLrantity iltlcs citiwtl il'tlte priticit'tct 1s 3
aiitrost airva-vs exattline l)1llv i)orlltni goocls. :is \vc col151
ilitrv trtttclt iite e ottsrtttret' rlcrnands t;l' tl:e 1:t'tlrlttr:l
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\\ie r,,liild like to bc rible lo pictitre clernancl. \&t da t
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f
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j/*ru'i. {'l)is is it i:rove ttlettt along thc dettrartti e ut've bect
pl'icc. i lii: itteLr:ilsc irl ixrce i'esltlls tu.t' 1*wci
qllantlty (1
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i cxlttritle is moto:'bilti:s. We
Ithough t ...
FordFounded in 19035th Largest automotive company Ford, Li.docxbudbarber38650
Ford
Founded in 1903
5th Largest automotive company
Ford, Lincoln, Motocraft
“Most important industrial company in the history of the United States” - Forbes
Honda
Founded in 1948
Tokyo, Japan
Acura division
10 Honda models
Toyota
Founded in 1937
Aichi, Japan
24 Models
14th Largest company in the world (Revenue based)
Current RatioFord Motor Company2.04Honda 1.3Toyota 1.07
Debit-EquityFord Motor Company2.9Honda .97Toyota 1.16
Inventory Turnover Ford Motor Company17Honda 6.53Toyota 8
Return on Equity (ROE)Ford Motor Company27.09Honda 7.78Toyota 8.48
Return on Assets (ROA)Ford Motor Company3.54Honda 3.07Toyota 2.91
Price-SalesFord Motor Company.45Honda .62Toyota .57
Ford Company 2013 2012Net Income $7,155,000 $5,665,000Debts $114,688,000 $105,058,000Retained Earnings $23,658,000 $18,077,000Property Plant and Equipment $47,600,000 $40,245,000Treasury stock $(506,000) $ (292,000)
Honda Company 2013 2012Net Income $5,575,000 $3,899,000Debts $28,785,000 $27,158,000 Retained Earnings $63,729,000 $69,976,000 Property Plant and Eq. $45,050,000 $41,876,000 Treasury stock $(277,000) $ (317,000)Toyota Company 2013 2012Net Income $10,217,000 $3,446,000Debts $82,992,000 $77,917,000Retained Earnings $137,071,000 $134,741,000Property Plant and Eq. $74,198,000 $72,750,000Treasury stock $(10,911,000) $(12,032,000)
INVEST or NOT INVEST?
Questions
lffsrks Cited
''.\lr'LrL ljrtl.e r lltr::ltc:. '/r'r,iri, l. r, rr.l :!, r,i' r','l I r.t .'- ri I
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\ltirtttttgtlitt' r?)r// \l\rr.lulr,-1\lilt e{rnt. rr rl \\'rlr ill ( )il :1ll I
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llirllil,tltt,rr llrrilrlrrrr'1r'n Il.\l . lr)t)li \\rir I ()!l :(rl i
"ll;rllrlrrr:..
IMA got paid for praising Tropicana and Quaker Oats. The money paid for international travel of office bearers. Dr Ajay Kumar and Ketan Desai were involved
lnternational mics, 15th Edition 29
Chaptr:r' 2 1-h,
thi: er:onottiics olelrigratioti :lttcl itnnigration ;1nd thgr rol
of giobal coinPanics ilt tltc
i:'ans iet' ot' re30ltl"ces. itrcludi ng techtlologl" brtu'eett cot t
We are enrbarkittg oll illl extelldeci er1:lltlt'ation af inte
ii.r thil c5apter.. ,"'il"ai{e Is lilput'ttttt." ltro',it'rc:s itrirrl'trtaij
]alional ilade.
-l'he
f irst iltlx
n that seis lhe :;tage fir citlt-
la1rse oi'200q." shotvs itilu'
clirt'ittg tlrir globirI f ittllltcin1
Ir)tlrll'y. il,e chapter''s seeolrd box. "'llte
'i'rarle N{ini-{l
t'lide JecLi'i:cl rrtirch ntole lh^tl gtllr:l"iil cc11ncl111i; sciiYi
ilnd ecoriomic crisis.
Lei's ret,iitn' llte tlctttttltlics r-r1' d';ttlirnd alrrl sLrppl,v be re tvf iiliilli'
the'';* fools io
lr,i be onl3r nbotli a single plocittct (iiet'r':' r;totorbikesl' tt
l,)crra'4ers rri;ike cleJisiops aboltt brtyl'g titis prodLri
Sirl;1t1ier"s Llse rrlsollrcL-$ to prudtlce this oioduct" ancl
tlt
nrtrili:ikes arc llol :ivai1a'ble io 1:ri:ciuce othei'prodLrcts'
;rliy one pt-orlitct i'ciatir;e to *il oihtr gtiotls atlcl sttrvice
as ntticlt hitpprrtess or n'ell-br'iltg iin tcoitottlists'.jargoti
irrg thr: lirnitcd itictlttte riral tlre cilnslllller has availairle
,,'iir',h a ccttsr,inler bu.vs ill a pr"r'iclltcl is the persoll's ias
thc 1:ri:clttct. (,iivctt llte 1;elsotr'l; !a'q'cs, thc i:rice
of the p
rrtirci $roilttcts) aiso has ir ll-iaicr iltfllteitce t;tl hotl' tl1Llc
Ai a higitcr pnce ibr lhis prorir-rct. lhe colrsrtrner usttltll'
qirantitv ptircltitserl" AnotJrt-t ntajoi: iltilrtertce is tlle cons
ct's ittcoilte ittctelasi:s. the cot'tsritnc:'buvs tltorc oititatt'
iliore ol'this pt'oilLlt:t. ii ht-'cr.ti'tstllllrrr tltivs nrilie if titis
is ror the onlli possibilirl" - qualtit.v 1:tlrchas*rlis uuclra
Lr::111i:tt-' itttc:i'ttlifional trarle. 1'1te procittct thit we Ltse ii5
i:issrilne rirat tirc r.nai'kct ibr Lilotorbik*s is coini-rctitive'
D*mand
Whal dete t'tuitte s horv ittttcit oi-a pt"oilrict is dematrcleci'/
$i'irtconir. antl qLrantity iltlcs citiwtl il'tlte priticit'tct 1s 3
aiitrost airva-vs exattline l)1llv i)orlltni goocls. :is \vc col151
ilitrv trtttclt iite e ottsrtttret' rlcrnands t;l' tl:e 1:t'tlrlttr:l
inilui:ltct;: tiisrds. tlte pric* o1'this prc;rlttct. ih* prices t
\\ie r,,liild like to bc rible lo pictitre clernancl. \&t da t
dt:tc;rnrii;aill, th* prr-rdricl's prii:e. Ai'ler u'e acltl up a1i
rusi: lr ttral"i<et tlcnratrel cLn've like thc il*tttltttil crtivt i
f
:ig,,11'. 2.1:\.1 We llilve a sirritlg 1lt'esrtntplitlil th*t ttre il*
Ait i,rc,'casc in tlre prodLtor's llrice (stt)': ll"trl]l S l'000 pe
in :r tlecri.:ase in r-lulliltit-v- cle trtancicd iliorn (r-5'Ofi0 to 4t)
j/*ru'i. {'l)is is it i:rove ttlettt along thc dettrartti e ut've bect
pl'icc. i lii: itteLr:ilsc irl ixrce i'esltlls tu.t' 1*wci
qllantlty (1
i:clire t*rrtiir) sr*.'itch to iLrLrstitLrte protllictr; (e'g" bic1"cle
i cxlttritle is moto:'bilti:s. We
Ithough t ...
FordFounded in 19035th Largest automotive company Ford, Li.docxbudbarber38650
Ford
Founded in 1903
5th Largest automotive company
Ford, Lincoln, Motocraft
“Most important industrial company in the history of the United States” - Forbes
Honda
Founded in 1948
Tokyo, Japan
Acura division
10 Honda models
Toyota
Founded in 1937
Aichi, Japan
24 Models
14th Largest company in the world (Revenue based)
Current RatioFord Motor Company2.04Honda 1.3Toyota 1.07
Debit-EquityFord Motor Company2.9Honda .97Toyota 1.16
Inventory Turnover Ford Motor Company17Honda 6.53Toyota 8
Return on Equity (ROE)Ford Motor Company27.09Honda 7.78Toyota 8.48
Return on Assets (ROA)Ford Motor Company3.54Honda 3.07Toyota 2.91
Price-SalesFord Motor Company.45Honda .62Toyota .57
Ford Company 2013 2012Net Income $7,155,000 $5,665,000Debts $114,688,000 $105,058,000Retained Earnings $23,658,000 $18,077,000Property Plant and Equipment $47,600,000 $40,245,000Treasury stock $(506,000) $ (292,000)
Honda Company 2013 2012Net Income $5,575,000 $3,899,000Debts $28,785,000 $27,158,000 Retained Earnings $63,729,000 $69,976,000 Property Plant and Eq. $45,050,000 $41,876,000 Treasury stock $(277,000) $ (317,000)Toyota Company 2013 2012Net Income $10,217,000 $3,446,000Debts $82,992,000 $77,917,000Retained Earnings $137,071,000 $134,741,000Property Plant and Eq. $74,198,000 $72,750,000Treasury stock $(10,911,000) $(12,032,000)
INVEST or NOT INVEST?
Questions
lffsrks Cited
''.\lr'LrL ljrtl.e r lltr::ltc:. '/r'r,iri, l. r, rr.l :!, r,i' r','l I r.t .'- ri I
"lirtkcr ]lttsitt' lnt " lilll .ltrtrr,tl i!,tlunt<',\/r,','l lrllrrl,ciuirt(l).!,rln. rr.ri \\'t'lr ur ( )!1 :iil-j
"[]rt[;cr ]ltrult,:' i111 " (irrrrr/li. ]'r'olj111lr1111y Lttttl ] uttutrttti liLttt,tt l,tt',lllll, lntnr
\ltirtttttgtlitt' r?)r// \l\rr.lulr,-1\lilt e{rnt. rr rl \\'rlr ill ( )il :1ll I
"llrllilrLt:1r't) (-,r " t it'rvllt. i'r',tliltthrlttt. Lt))tl I u](tnrtl1f iii111ot lr,t tll.lt ' lr',trtt .\lt,nttn.l\ltu'.Ltrttt.
hl{rllllll!\l:1r l,llll. l) ,l \\ clr il- ( )f l :lII i
llirllil,tltt,rr llrrilrlrrrr'1r'n Il.\l . lr)t)li \\rir I ()!l :(rl i
"ll;rllrlrrr:..
IMA got paid for praising Tropicana and Quaker Oats. The money paid for international travel of office bearers. Dr Ajay Kumar and Ketan Desai were involved
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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. : r r l i r ii t : ; l , ' i ' i . :l . l r : r . i i " ' , h ; 1 I t ) ! r ' ! , r : I h f ' l ) l r : r i ' . 1 , r
V'zz*
=2sz;<3zzz **4
* *€'.:z
Uses bold headings
ii
L l r r r l l ' i l l r ' : n i r t r r : L i t ; t r ' r r , r c r i 5 r ' f l l r n i 1 1 ' 1 t l ).i l t r l r o i i l l l ; ( i t r l
r
L;
ir
: : r ' t ' : ' r r r ' ; i k ' r ' t r l l l rrl:;ir. r t i ' r i . : i t ' r ' I i { r ; r i ' 1 : , i i r ' r i i r r l t ' l l r i l r l r : i :i lo
.
t : ' ; r l r 1 . } r : ; 1ri 1r' g l I r - i r li)h . r l n l i r k h l ' i . t r i t t f r i , : f l ' 1 " , i' , r li i r r " ' r ' r ' l l i ; . } r t ,
r n
Refers to 'Figures' in text
Includes a 'Key Words'
section but no 'Glossary'
Visual references all named as 'Figures'
$!PIIMBER .,1|t.'
Issue of magazine
Trees
Tran$piratisn
Cohesion*tension
theor
Vessels
Emtrolism* woad
in
2. Several pieces of information separated into 'Boxes'
effiK*vt^
Uses 2-column format
in
xylemcelts wood.A-K shcwscmeo{ lhe tyoesof ceilsthal erefr:urtd
itaclretds
suppcrt;
in
largelY mechan:cal
furction
wecds.Fibres
in different
mcmfrer
H
watef, *hawspartof a vessel a vessel
conduc;
anC
vessels
plates erlhcr
end.
at
tnai hassealarifctm
fi
a r r a t t g , e ip l r ; : l l i : i l r r : i i r a r : l ( ) t l i ' r af : ' 1 , l l kl l i r f i t i t i t . i l l c
i
t v a l c r - i o r r r l r r i . t i r itgl t ' t t r e n t ri t : r i i i t ' t h r -r: r t t o i i , t t - lI i h e t l : * L r r a r i d r l l i : l l . , t r l l ' l r , r t k t r i d r i l : k i t r g l i r ; r r v c t s e { :} l r r I r ' l t l i ' r r
t t ' r t l ' i ;o L t l n ' i t . r l , r t l t t a l l ' : l : a : i i ' r
lrrovcti 1tlrd. ;llortgir,tir
O
t t p t ' r ' a r c i s . v t r l l r e l ; r E t! ! ( r f r ' l i l ' l l l (
t h r r v a t r . ' rl r . r | c l
i
s e l c r a i p o l : : l : i c t t t e c l i a t l l s : tl r l t a r 'c l l t l t ' l t L l . t ! l t ' 5a { 1 . l r u L
o n i - vi i t t e i t . t r S l r t r t tlil l ) 1 ( )r x l l c r i l l l e t t l a l i t r v r ' s t i g ; : l i l i : '
O n t ' l u g g c r l i r l n w d s l l t a t l l a L e r t t i t i { t l 1 i ' i l i t l - ri l i t '
t r u t t k I r v l h t I t l o l s L l s i ! ! l ] l r l l l c r ( 1 r t r ] 1{ } t l l r o i l ' t l l ( : f l i J
n i s r t t . l 1 i t n c r t ' l , t t l t t l l c t l t t l t { r t t : n l l r . ' l ' * vr ' r ' er r ' l L : l d t l l l ' l t
i i i ) e L l 1 J l ( ' r 1 ( ) f c l ) i ) r ( ' ' t ' l l 5 l ) r ' l l )''). t' l l ( } l a i r t l t r t l t t L
ffi
l.J
Ft
!)ttrliit r'
l J
u ' l r c r r i t l v J $ L l l l i l , r n ' r t T l : i - r . . l r r : 1 1 l' - .l l r t l l t
'ru()t
t l t ' r p 1 t ' r ,1 t l ' t t
i:irclrrs ;ttrd
! r r i ' s - ( i l r c ' r . rp l u i i t t l c i l b y
'
l r r l v i n c . r r l r ,s p r i n l - . r l t t l . a r x r r l t . t l l l r t . i 1 ] ( ' f r i s g ' " r r :
tr
H
r e a s r l i il d r t h : c
tr n &,
H
EFAIA
,4
I
.' secottd stlggrlli(lll 1"nillal !31('f lr illil'l'i!'l irlr d
'
t n : t l r . r c' a ! i l l a r l ' a r l i { ) 1 1 .i i l ! l { i : w . l l t ' r t r d r a r v : l : : i t l n r t l l
!i Snll{t'r by tlrr roil in,: |larlr l]{x. f{olarrrr' in}}i1:jr!
W rr
o r t i r - r t r* t t l Y r . r l r k : i v i : l l r l ; i L l t r c 1 1 t h i l t 1 r i 1 ' 1 ' 1 " t t t t t ' l i s
lllriolv cnllt:gll tlr r"lflrt: rvalet !tt i'it
arr siilr|ly ll{11
f
n g a i l l 5 l F r a : i t " ' l ' l t t 1 ' . 1 1 1 ' t l l t ' v e e l l l 0 i ) a i t t l 1 { )l l l l l ' l ' r t ! 1 '
t o l h e v c l u l d r - } : r l vf a i s f w " l l d I t t i h r i g l l t : r ' r l i t c l t v c t t l
flF,ffi*s
l"**'
H
H
H
tf,
E
ffi
g
ttL
Vessel
rn€mbers
H
D
FY',
r1.---r
H
n
Fibres
E
v
LG
l "E
"l
:
Ir"th. i d s
pF|3 rF'
Soanningrlcttmn mlcrcgraph af a blod( ol wood tfqril NScors
ttnwx$am Filr.8
inoorfng
trunl. x ?!
34
with the oxl*of thg
mrinlYryang*d parcllel
Page numbers
5 rr:r and 50 r:nt.
" f i r t ' r l r s a s i r l t i l a rp r o l r l t ' l t l l v i t h . i t l i i ; d : J c a - l l r ; r t
!lrrid :-ip
n l l r r r t J ; t f & f t i l l l f r u l t t . i l . r L r v cj.u s l . , t .trv c : l . k
a rl:i:rkir:g rlrarv. Whctl 'c 5tlLh rlll d strn! !"f t)1'1'{:r
t
l l r c p t c ! : i t r t i n , t t t r l r t l t g r . a t t i i t l r c f l r r l u i s f t r r r l r : 1 1h e
tl'|ticli ltLisl:e5 I'l:: lhr
s l r d ! v b v a l t l l t ) 5 t r l h e 1 1 a) : " u ! 5 L i r f
l
( l t i l , E v e r r i t l r e t ' r r " ' r - r t t iid t r t t l t t t r , { i } i r f l f l i :
t
vafriLlt il il I htir le:tvr:s, l: r ttti'l'tr. illlltl$1]hf i'ic prelsit r|
t
c o r - r l do t r l , v r a i r w , 1 l c t . , t o a l t r : i 1 1 } tr t l l t ) l l t .
llher
*
2***rV
r.****2* ze 2*szz|*rz
72=*
is
Thc :urpririnrl r11511'cr thll rv;:ltr ir acti:allf iilitl ttlt
I t r , a r : : c r l i n c g a t i v c l J r ( 5 i 1 l r c .I t : s p r r l l e d l t p i l n t l c r
t r n : i r ) r ra s t v a l t f i s l o s l f r t l n t i l t c l c ; r ' t 5 h t ' t l " r t l t p i t a rion. Tlrt prwer scu:ar i:1iic :t.:tl.!'ilr:n rhir f hs(1r'lva!
i:r
{irrl su1;gested, lS*''1,rhi :idrn was ;ryti::crlr'r'itlriiisol tvir"ittltr: ]tar
htrt :in|r' thctr .l Llr!+' .1111()u111
belir:1,
lrrc:t iortnil li) illpll(lrt il. t"ir5l, il lta: l-tcrit sh{ilvn tr,v
erperitntttt that i: rvatl:r i: hcld iu a llilrrrJtr pipt Llle
cohesiott bclrvcrn il: nolecules ca:i ivithriatld largr
itrelchinS fort:csrvitirltrt breaking, jrrst likc a Er;litlit'i:'r.
h{'
1fralillary tttbts rre lillcri with ivater thrl' r';1n fljIl
itl
ircund at high speet*s a ctnlriitlgc; thc rvatrr rviil
thc (rlllri[ugal {oret and }Yilllslandnrgaiilic ptet.e5i5t
suresol llp to 280 allll{rphrrcs. Tl:e calrcsivc5trctlglh
r
of lr.'ale could thereforc holti u1ra '"vitl(r trilutttn ttcat-i-r
1kn high, illanY tirllei hrgher tl.ianthe tailcs'ltree11
ha: al:t hccn shrwn that rvater itt 't lree is utitler
'l(}
ietrsi{n, thal i$ sav iL is lieing strttchcd 'Vhcn tes'<cis
nt
cin aduallY h*ar lhe hissitlgsr'rtttrri ltr
,rt cut v()tl
cnlering. Yttu ea:raiso fileasllre lhe nrgatil'c pielsurtl bY
rlcing an cxpc*ntcnl tst't Figure2). lf a lrrarrchls r:rtllrrttt:
a lrre lhr i:tlcfilil pressurei-'irt'lirveri. Thtl lv;tcr ill:itie'
th'
rrirrat: i:tt'{r
which ltaii l.rt'n ltrrtched. shttilrlt: attL'l
yrssels.
Titc sttrrr Lan thrn hc scai*diir a prer:ttre';rsrci
n:illr itr ettr etld sliekints{tut at:{l a Folitl;-e i}rt'-rllrrr Lan
'I'ltis
rrinlics tlre negltilt llr(!!ilrir illsrtit'tne
be applir:d.
stcm 5i) lltf lvater crtluttttrlctrglhcnr ;lg;in' {;:irt rl;trls
to f{}ll:e {xll ()l thc cul eird tr'lrtlr t}rr pttstl.vcllre55tlfc
tii
eiprall tlre origirralflegativcl)rc!,sllr{i tltc littll'
Name of magazine
r
5Cl;NCES t r'Er*
BI0tOGICAL
3. Figure2 EScrimentto
demonstrste water tension
in a cut bramh,
Use of visual references
eg diagrams, charts,
tables etc
of
Using rhis techniq:i€, negative pressures over
as
have beendetected tr,!/ice much as
20 atmospheres
is neerledto raiservater1othe top of even rhe highest
tree. TbE remaining prrssure overcolrtesthc l:ydraulic
resisauceof the wor;d.ftr a rrarxpiring tree *te pressure
d:erefr:rebecomermnre negativethe higher up the ttee
are
you go. Thc ncgativepretsures so high that they ean
ev€n deform the trec. Strain gaugel mounted on the
trunk have sholvn that during the day wben it is franspirlng, a 20m high tree with a trunk diameterol l0 cm
by
sl-tortens at:out I cm and ge$ I mrn thinner.
*isadva nfa fes *t the eahs:ian-tensian
r*€{hanisrn
raots, but thr greatestdanger is from frost. As water Colo$r6d scraning
air
freezes,dissolvecl comes out at solution and air doctrun mi€!gmph of r radial
bubbles [orm iyou can ser siruilar bubbles in the ice longitudinal
:ubes lrom a freezer),When :he ice rhaws. thesc section thruugh
can expandand fill a vessel.
bubbles
xylem ol an as*l
The prcblem with embolismsmeansrhat wood has tte€. xt&
To
to be a conrpromise. maximise flow and reducethe
cnnduaing
it
resistance is bestto havewiele,open-ended
emptying
af
cells.To minimise the chances vessels
is better to have
ol
trecause embolisms,however, it Paragraphs are not too long
short, narrcw conducting cellsjoincd by perfcrared
groups of living trecs,
plates.The twc) most suceessful
have made quite
thc conilers and the angiosperrns.
between elficiencyand rafety"
diflerenl compromises
The cohesion-tensionrnechanismis effectivein raising
d*signof wsad
tlydraerli<
First'
watf,r up trees.There are only fwo disadvantages.
leavesto' The wrxrd of conilcrs is adaptedto be saferath€r thao
becausetreer need to Jcxeware: from their
elficient al rransportingwater. It is madr up ()[ urarry
keepiitling it 1lp,thry lake up far mnre water than they
(see
Bcx 1), aboutl0pm wide
tracheids
lhin cellscalled
A
actuallyuse lur photosynthesi:. largeree can nke up
Fully justifies paragraphs left
Uses conjunctions to link paragraphs
and between0.1mm and l0mm long' Each tracheid
more than 500 litres of water a daY.to it necdspientiful
and right end andisjoined to its neighbours
taprred
hasa closcd,
waler.
is
of
warer under tensionis verv" cnly by tiny holes.The ronsequence this design rhat
Another problein is that
and air bubbles can spell disaster'Small conifers rarely su{ler from embslisms, and lhe
unstable,
tletweentracheids.
that do lorm rarely spread
embolisms
due to
bubblesare rot a problem - they will collapse
the sur{acet€nsion in the waier anrl tre reabsnrbed. Coni{er wood is therelore ideal for trees thal grsw in
or
areaswlth long cold Tvinters dry hot summers-Evcn
However if large bubtrlesgel into a vessel&ey may
water column" The whole vessel
break the
Ught mtcrograph
Uses scientific terms but
oI a tmruwerto
will then fiil !?ith air, forming an embolisur.
K{or frrcugh
explains them in context to
Onre an erntrolismhaslprmed it is prevented
yrrl, wood.
a layman
)tdrm lr stalned
from ;preading lhe whr:le lengrh o{ the tree
p{nk x100
these
plates
alongthe vessels;
by perforation
plates trap the bubbtes. How'ever, unless
again
Includes relevant
water is acdvely{orcedinto the vessel
it will rer:tai* empty and wiil have lost its
photographs or
conducting abilily. Ihc fsrmation of
pictures with captions
embclisms can be derccted in an actively
transpiring tree by auaching a microphone to
its trunh * thc breaksqf the waler columns
make li*le cllcks as th€ two ends conlract
rapidly.
are
Embolisms commonduringdroughts,
when there is li:tle water to dragup frorn the
sEmHgGn2005
4. ught mlcsgriphi
of trmfi|et
*aotionatfircugh
!4lwuodtail e
ott@txa0lad
{l} u.sadtptn a
tnrylsFd6l, eb
arefffi polons;
{rofi6 Sr. dngs of
gorpulttgue
lr{tiFEn the ft{s
ddtnrefrttta
fiil#stffilr*
Fs'lmwthecss8*}.
lre nrrnru hrt
ah&|U*aOolentV
+flrt{ilroutdte
vvood.
Uses mainly
present verb
tense
Only uses
third person
point of view c
a
:
e
a
t
E
{
{
in the sub-Ar{"tic lhe wo,:d rtf ctxriierr-losesonly 2% nf
its clrrdLrcting ability each ytlar. This loss ran casily be
the lrutlk a5 tllc tlee
replareil hy adding new lvocd 1{.}
gr{}w5,
Thc lvood oi angir:spcr*r: i: iiesigned ta be elficielt
.
at rorrrJuctiugwaler ralhrr thalr safe lt ha: a lot rrf rvidc
cclls that can bc up to 300prrl i:r diatneler. Thcsc tells
aixrl eud-to-end to fctm vesstls tlrit can be sevrral
rnetrrs long isee Br:x 1i. The resllh is tlta! attgicsperin
wr:ud cot:dufle rvaler several timqs laster then cttnifer
wo*d, bui is prrtne ltl cmbolism.
Argiosptrli waad ll ldeal lur lile ilt tropical raillfi:rr:Is wherr thc wamr, wet clinrate rcdrtccsthe risks o{
rnibllisn':. The irigh ctinducli::g abilil,v mearrsllrat everl
a narrolv-irur:ked tree ran cllllduct rltough waler tlr
supply its leavcs. Howel'g; angiosperm lrees arr alqtl
Lorllnl{)n in su'ntrcpicalare*: ihal arr prinlr ill seasonal
tlrougl.rt,anrl lcmperalt: areaslhat lrave coid winters. In
these regious lhc vesselsrvill itrevitalrlv :t:[le r cata5{l llow do the arccs
rlrflphi{*lly fror=:retnbr-rli5itl'
rurvivr? Attgir:sperns havr irvtr mt:thlrds <tl ctlpilig.
trees
Ringporous
put
Trecs *aksand ashes u;: rt"itirthe klssn{ all
likr
*
their vessels each ra.rittter lhcy rely only on llte
Lurrcnl year'slarge vctsetstrt lrallsport water- l-ale in iile
y{ar thr:}r add a few n{rrowrr vessell, along with 1}:e
necl'lani{al liirrcs {sre l}r:x t }' so their wrxrd is <iescril'cd
'rirrg
ar
t$trltls', brcausc it has rirgs of ptir*us tisst-tt:
betrveert rilgs of dcnse tisslte. Tht straregy lvorks lvell
First,the lreel (arln{lt i}reak
but ha: 1wo disailvalttages.
is
nelv rvr;c*d forrrtd.'f iric iq
br,rdr.rntila{tcr tht'Jirst
and ashesare am.rllg the last lrrf$ 1{}bufsl
why naks
intrr lcal earh sprirrg- Sec*ilci. lhese trees are vttherahlc tn lats fro:ts that can t:ilbolilc tlteir rn:w vesscl-"
lUusl spr'(its ttl oak arr trcpical trees anrl itt tronhern
Iurcpc atrri t1:enotlhea:l USA thcy arc at thr n$rlhern
rxtrem{s (}f iheir rangc.
Double spacing
Diffuse porous tree$ between paragraphs
'dilftlsc
Otlier trres likt poplais. trircllesand maplrs have
i)()r1lrs' rvriud. This .n:ll.linr largc t'lu:r:i:erst:f ttarrow
versrls.witlr riiametcrsof rr0*100;im, sprtad ltl{)le ur
lt:ssrvrnly throughtlt:t the wooil. TIlcse tralrol ve55els
arc lcss prrlllc li] eutlxtlittrts lhan the rvitje trsscls o{
vcntcd fr<;ln spreadingiry separ:aks.Etrhrrlism5 arc 1)re
rating adjaccnt l'ess(l eietrtentsrvith rtrvs o{ hars called
plates (seelhx l l; thcie trap the air bubhles.
sealarifornr
Ncverlhcless enrbolisms still r:rcrrr lairly lrrqr're:rtlv.
Poplan jrrrt prrl rrp lvitl't 1t,htll lrirrllcs and rnaples have
t{}
;r ,ilrilleg)- revtrsr rmbttlisll). Thcy refill lheir trltptv
vesselsr:ach spring by u:ilg tl:cir rlt:ls to pump sllgar'
rit1r lvalrr up their iruttkr and hranehcsand in{o llte
empty vrsrels. Tl'rishelps birches and ntaples surtive
Tappingmaple ftst
for rnaple syrup.
I
t
Mmmn,
Maple
syrupancl
padca*e6.
;
i
c
gcl
F
SroL0GlcAL gNcEs rvl Frl/
5. Use of 'Further Reading' box instead of Bibliography
*'"crZ**zr***2t26
Fn'los,A. R. {200'tilrces,lh*
idal.rreiftlsioty l.v4rseurr.
i-onijrr
viJr:,,16yy6r9,
l. i2004: Ta{ :lo".rys,
tlatare.lbi rl2$, pp. S07-iB
Use Harvard referencing style from CiteAce or blue
referencing booklet (this style is not Harvard).
r'irrltf ll rr,l'il lr: rllr{ lrf tl}i,t.r.i
r.ii
lttatrs,;l)il :clrtr,irilrI rt r lr ll I111,:11,
i r " r r f ; i a : t i l t { i t r , l l : i f : f . t i . . g . l t ; t! i ' i : r r
.
l
c r t r l l i t * t l r r . t : : t t t t r - . t r " i :l l utl r ; r r . i I l t . r
iiJ l.
(
. r t : i i r i t r i ' ; r r r ' r l i r i : 1 n l r | g ! 1i r l ' i i r ' ; L r
ir
i.oili:ct tllc suu;ltr-rii lirlu:rl. rr,lrir.iriq
l,;
h o i l r ' r id i l r r , : ti t 1 r 1 r y a l 1r : : ; ! , l r ' , . , , ' r t r l ;
;,.q r
l t r j i r i r r ' hi . r ; :n i n r t .
2* p us rz4* zz ?- r ?'.*;
*
* *'*
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, ' 1 1i v l l i
Ir:lrll
iqrri'- trtttri' rl
iir ilrililr, 1u
r.l r I Ll) tl Jtl(.."-1,, r
t
;.',1i1,
l
r i r . c i i " r l n rt i $ . , . ' , , r 'o'l L i r v o r r ti , i r : 1r r li l { ( '
r
iri
;t iit';:ii liira
l : f i i ; r r ' l i . r . r;rt ; . : l r : : ; l i : r
o i t l r L : t : ' t : r r l , ;T l : i : i r r , r l i c l i
.
i t i , , , , : l 1 i r ' r r . l irti r r t } : t l t , t . ! t l a i l l t f 1 1 . . ; l r ' r ,
litr'.lrrtlc
t ' i ) 1 1 . i l t . t i t ' t t l - t l i 1 1 , i iu li f li r - l : : s l i t l r t l r i t i i . i i i r i l : r ; r r t l
,:
( t
( r ) l i 1 . l t r : i r . : l: t ; . t l l : , 1 r l r r : . r r il v | | i l - l l i i l f l r i i r i . t l t r r , r , r * . l r
[
1 1 ; l g r i r r . t , l ! ( . ! , ! q i { } t . r ,r - }{ti i l n r l t : . t : l : t , t i t . ; i L . l r i r : ; ; t . t r j
; r r r r r l r i rr l r r r f e . .r,L l 1 l 1 r ' 1 . ' r ' n t 1 i ( . l l( t : l ) f ! l : . . r 1r . i t l t r . r , l l e : . .
r
. l ; " t ' l ; L : r ! , i ' r,i: t r i :: l i r : r ' t ' l l s , r r r l.i l l r r . li r i t l t r c r i r r r . i r r i .{i ; r r r r l .
1 ' l : r : r t r : 1 r t ' ll ) . t t l : r ! q r : l i r i r i l g i * t : r . j 1 i , i ' { ) d - h { } r i i l gl l : r , . . i 5
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