Karl Marx developed several influential theories about society and economics, including historical materialism, alienation, mode of production, class consciousness, and class struggle. Historical materialism views societal development and change as determined by material and economic conditions. Alienation refers to how workers lose control over their lives and destinies under capitalism. Marx saw class struggle and conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat as driving forces of historical change that could lead to a communist society without social classes. Marx's ideas had a major impact on social and political thought and some countries established communist systems based on his theories.

1. Marxism-II

2. Marx Theory on Society
§ Historical
Materialism
§ Alienation
§ Mode of
Production
§ Class
Consciousness
§ Class Struggle

3. Historical Materialism
• Looks for the causes of developments and changes in
human society.
• It is historical because Marx has traced the evolution of
human societies from one stage to another.
• It is called Materialistic because Marx has interpreted the
evolution of societies in terms of their material or
economic basis.
• Primitive Communism → Slavery → Feudalism→ Capitalism
→Socialism →Communism

5. Alienation
The workers loses the ability to determine
his/her life & destiny in the capitalist mode
of production. There are 4 types of
alienation: Alienation of the worker from
• The work
• Working
• Himself as a provider
• Other workers

6. Class Consciousness
Refers to the belief that a person holds regarding
one’s social class.

7. Class Struggle
Tension between
different class of
people:
• Bourgeoisie
(Owner)
• Proletariat
(Worker)

9. MARXISM
The collective understanding of all those
theories related to society, economics & politics
is called as Marxism.
ORGANIZE

10. Why was Karl Marx important to the Industrial
Revolution?
• Originated a major criticism
of the Industrial Revolution.
• His ideas about the
exploitation of the working
class.
• First to make people
understand that the working
people of the country were
the one who had the power.

11. TYPES OF MARXISM
• Communism: is the end state of having key
means of production owned in common
(communally) without class
• Socialism: is an intermediate transition state
where a social revolution (that is, of the
workers, the vast majority of society) is
required to get to communism.

12. Impact on World
Few Countries that are communist:
• China
• Cuba
• Laos
• North Korea
• Vietnam

13. • Marx's ideas came to impact society most directly
after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia.
• The first impact was felt in continental Europe
• German sociologist Max Weber, Frankfurt school;
theorists such as Theodor Adorno and British
economist Joan Robinson have all produced work
drawn from Marxist perspectives.

14. CONCLUSION
• Karl Marx was one of the most influential people of his
era.He changed the way people looked at societies.
• He believed that having all the money with only a few
people and the common working class person didn’t
have enough, would lead to a revolution to a classless
society.
• His theories have made people follow him and to
overthrow their government for the idea of equality.
• Karl Marx has changed the world with his writings,
theories, and way of thought.