This document provides an overview of various forms of Indian art and music. It discusses classical Indian music traditions like Hindustani and Carnatic music. It also describes various folk music styles across different Indian regions including Bhangra, Bihu, and Uttarakhandi music. The document then covers classical Indian dance forms like Lavani. It concludes with discussing various periods in the development of Indian art including temple architecture, sculpture, miniature paintings, and folk/tribal art traditions.

1. Music and
Arts of India
Name - Kusum haryani
Hotel management semester -3
Topic - forms of Indian art and music

2. Music of India
• Includes multiple varieties of folk,
popular, pop, classical music and R&B.
India's classical music tradition,
including Carnatic and Hindustani music,
has a history spanning millennia and
developed over several eras. It remains
fundamental to the lives of Indians
today as sources of spiritual inspiration,
cultural expression and pure
entertainment.

3. Classical Music
• Hindustani Music
> an Indian classical music tradition that
goes back to Vedic times around 1000 BC.
It further developed circa the 13th and
14th centuries AD with Persian influences
and from existing religious and folk music.

4. • Hindustani music was not only influenced
by ancient Hindu musical traditions,
historical Vedic philosophy and native
Indian sounds but also enriched by the
Persian performance practices of the
Mughals. During the Medivel age
especially in Mughals era various
Gharana became famous due to
excellence and class in type of musics
like raga. Tansen is one of the navratna

5. Carnatic music
• The present form of Carnatic music is
based on historical developments that
can be traced to the 15th - 16th
centuries AD and thereafter. However,
the form itself is reputed to have been
one of the gifts bestowed on man by the
gods of Hindu mythology. It is one of
the oldest musical forms that continue
to survive today.

6. • Carnatic music is melodic, with
improvised variations. It consists of a
composition with improvised
embellishments added to the piece in
the forms of Raga Alapana,
Kalpanaswaram, Neraval, and, in the
case of more advanced students, Ragam
Tanam Pallavi. The main emphasis is on
the vocals as most compositions are
written to be sung, and even when

7. • Purandara Dasa is considered the father
of carnatic music. Sri Tyagaraja, Sri
Shyama Shastry and Sri Muthuswami
Dikshitar are considered the trinity of
carnatic music and with them came the
golden age in carnatic music in the 18th-
19th century

8. Folk Music
• Bihu of Assam
• Bihu is the festival of New Year of
Assam falling on mid April. This is a
festival of nature and mother earth
where the first day is for the cows and
buffalos. Second day is for the man.
Bihu dancesand songs accompanied by
traditional drums and wind instruments
are essential part of this festival.

9. Bhangra
• [Bhangra] are a lively form of music and
dance that originated in the Punjab region
to celebrate Vaisakhi, the festival of the
Sikhs.Knowledge of Punjabi history offers
important insights into the meaning of the
music. While Bhangra began as a part of
harvest festival celebrations, it eventually
became a part of such diverse occasions as
weddings and New Year celebrations.
Moreover, during the last thirty years,
Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity
worldwide, both in traditional form and as

10. • Ganasangeet is have been written in
India. Examples: Apni Azadi Ko Hum
Hargis Mita Sakte Nahin, ajadee hoyni
tor, Kadam kadam badhaye jaa, Vande
Mataram, etc.generally sung in chorus
carrying some social message. The songs
are usually about Freedom, community
strength, patriotism. Due to the British
occupation in India, a lot of protest
songs about anti-imperialism/pro-

11. Uttarakhandi Music
• Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the
lap of nature. The pure and blessed music
have the feel and the touch of nature and
subjects related to nature. The folk music
primarily is related to the various
festivals, religious traditions, folk stories
and simple life of the people of
Uttarakhand. Thus the songs of
Uttarakhand are a true reflection of the
Cultural Heritage and the way people live
their lives in the Himalayas. Musical

12. • Thus the songs of Uttarakhand are a
true reflection of the Cultural Heritage
and the way people live their lives in the
Himalayas. Musical instruments used in
Uttarakhand music include the dhol,
damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur,
thali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla
and harmonium are also used, but to a
lesser extent. The main languages are
Kumaoni and Garhwali

13. Lavani
• Lavani comes from the word Lavanya
which means beauty. This is one of the
most popular forms of dance and music
that is practiced all over Maharashtra.
It has in fact become a necessary part
of the Maharashtrian folk dance
performances. Traditionally, the songs
are sung by female artistes, but male
artistes may occasionally sing Lavanis.
The dance format associated with
Lavani is known as Tamasha. Lavani is a

14. • Dance performed by attractive women
wearing nine-yard saris. They are sung
in a quick tempo. The verve, the
enthusiasm, the rhythm and above all
the very beat of India finds an
expressive declaration amidst the folk
music of India, which has somewhat,
redefined the term "bliss". Lavani
originated in the arid region of
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

15. Rajasthan
• Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural
collection of musician castes, including
Langas, Sapera, Bhopa, Jogi and
Manganiyar (lit. the ones who ask/beg).
Rajasthan Diary quotes it as a soulful,
full-throated music with Harmonious
diversity. The haunting melody of
Rajasthan evokes from a variety of
delightfully primitive looking
instruments.

16. • The stringed variety include the
Sarangi, Rawanhattha, Kamayacha,
Morsing and Ektara. Percussion
instruments come in all shapes and sizes
from the huge Nagaras and Dhols to the
tiny Damrus. The Daf and Chang are a
big favourite of Holi (the festival of
colours) revellers. Flutes and bagpipers
come in local flavours such as Shehnai,
Poongi, Algoza, Tarpi, Been and Bankia.

17. • The essence of Rajasthani music is
derived from the creative symphony of
string instruments, percussion
instruments and wind instruments
accompanied by melodious renditions of
folk singers. It enjoys a respectable
presence in Bollywood music as well.

18. • The vast scope of the art of India
intertwines with the cultural history,
religions and philosophies which place
art production and patronage in social
and cultural contexts.

19. • Indian art can be classified into specific
periods each reflecting particular
religious, political and cultural
developments.
• Ancient period (3500 BCE-1200 CE)
• Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
• Colonial period (1757–1947)
• Independence and the postcolonial
period (Post-1947)

20. • One of the first to start jewellery-
making were the peoples of the Indus
Valley Civilization. Early jewellery
making in China started around the same
period, but it became widespread with
the spread of Buddhism around 2,000
years ago.

21. Temple and Sculpture-art

22. • the period between the
decline of the Harappans
and the definite historic
period starting with the
Mauryas. Soon after the
Buddhists initiated the
rock-cut caves, Hindus and
Jains started to imitate
them at Badami, Aihole,

24. •The Chola period is
also remarkable
for its sculptures
and bronzes.
Among the existing
specimens in the
various museums

25. Indian fresco
• The tradition and
methods of Indian cliff
painting gradually
evolved throughout
many thousands of years
- there are multiple
locations found with

26. • Despite climatic conditions
that tend to work against
the survival of older
paintings, in total there
are known more than 20
locations in India with
paintings and traces of
former paintings of
ancient and early medieval

27. Miniature painting
• Mughal painting in miniatures on
paper developed very quickly
in the late 16th century from
the combined influence of the
existing miniature tradition and
artists trained in the Persian
miniature tradition imported
by the Mughal Emperor's court.

28. • New ingredients in the style
were much greater realism,
especially in portraits, and an
interest in animals, plants and
other aspects of the physical
world. Miniatures either
illustrated books or were
single works for muraqqas or
albums of painting and Islamic
calligraphy

29. • . The style gradually spread in the
next two centuries to influence
painting on paper in both Muslim
and Hindu princely courts,
developing into a number of
regional styles often called "sub-
Mughal", including Kangra painting
and Rajput painting, and finally
Company painting, a hybrid
watercolour style influenced by
European art and largely
patronized by the people of the

30. Folk and tribal art
• Folk art in India takes on different
manifestations through varied medium
such as pottery, painting,
metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art,
weaving and designing of objects
such as jewelry and and tribal toys.
• Often puranic gods and legends are
transformed into contemporary forms
and familiar images. Fairs,
festivals, and local deities play a
vital role in these arts.

31. • It is in art where life and
creativity are inseparable. The
tribal arts have a unique
sensitivity, as the tribal people
possess an intense awareness very
different from the settled and
urbanized people. Their minds are
supple and intense with myth,
legends, snippets from epic,
multitudinous gods born out of
dream and fantasy. Their art is
an expression of their life and
holds their passion and mystery.

32. • Folk art also includes the
visual expressions of the
wandering nomads. This is the
art of people who are exposed
to changing landscapes as they
travel over the valleys and
highlands of India. They carry
with them the experiences and
memories of different spaces
and their art consists of the
transient and dynamic pattern
of life. The rural, tribal and
arts of the nomads constitute
the matrix of folk expression.

34. Indian Art
• Indian Art is the visual art
produced on the Indian
subcontinent from about the
3rd millennium BC to modern
times. To viewers schooled in
the Western tradition, Indian
art may seem overly ornate
and sensuous; appreciation of
its refinement comes only

35. • Voluptuous feeling is given
unusually free expression in
Indian culture. A strong
sense of design is also
characteristic of Indian art
and can be observed in its
modern as well as in its
traditional forms.