External analysis identifies opportunities and threats in an organization's industry environment. It analyzes industry dynamics to understand competitive forces like new entrants, substitute products, and supplier and buyer bargaining power. Opportunities arise when favorable conditions allow more profitability, while threats endanger profits. Industries are groups of similar substitutable products, and sectors contain related industries. Porter's five forces model is used to assess competition. The strength of these forces changes over an industry's life cycle from embryonic to decline. Macro trends like technology and regulation can also impact industry attractiveness and company strengths.
How competitive forces shape strategy?Ashish Verma
Forces governing competition in an industry:
The nature and degree of competition in an industry hinge on five forces:-
The threat of entry
The bargaining power of customers
The bargaining power of suppliers
The threat of substitute products
The jockeying among current competition
Slide no:2
Mr. Porter is a specialist in industrial economics and business strategy. An associate professor of business ad- ministration at the Harvard Business School, he has created a course there entitled "Industry and Competitive Analysis."
He sits on the boards of three companies and consults on strategy matters, and he has written many articles for economics journals and published two books. One of them, Interbrand Choice, Strategy and Bi- lateral Market Power (Harvard University Press, 1976) is an out-growth of his doctorate, for which he won the coveted Wells prize awarded by the Harvard economics department.
How competitive forces shape strategy?Ashish Verma
Forces governing competition in an industry:
The nature and degree of competition in an industry hinge on five forces:-
The threat of entry
The bargaining power of customers
The bargaining power of suppliers
The threat of substitute products
The jockeying among current competition
Slide no:2
Mr. Porter is a specialist in industrial economics and business strategy. An associate professor of business ad- ministration at the Harvard Business School, he has created a course there entitled "Industry and Competitive Analysis."
He sits on the boards of three companies and consults on strategy matters, and he has written many articles for economics journals and published two books. One of them, Interbrand Choice, Strategy and Bi- lateral Market Power (Harvard University Press, 1976) is an out-growth of his doctorate, for which he won the coveted Wells prize awarded by the Harvard economics department.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin.
Business level strategies—Porter’s framework of competitive strategies, Conditions, risks and benefits of Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus strategies,
Strategic Analysis and choice—Corporate level analysis (BCG, GE Ninecell, Hofer’s product market evolution and Shell Directional policy Matrix)
Industry level analysis; Porter’s five forces model, Qualitative factors in strategic choice.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
2. External Analysis
• Analyzing the dynamics of the industry in
which an organization competes to help
identify opportunities and threats
“To assure victory, always carefully survey the
field before battle.” - Sun Tzu
3. Opportunities and Threats
• Opportunities arise when a company can take
advantage of conditions in its environment to
formulate and implement strategies that
enable it to become more profitable.
• Threats arise when conditions in the external
environment endanger the integrity and
profitability of the company’s business.
4. Defining industry
• Industry: “…a group of companies offering products or
services that are close substitutes for each other… that
satisfy the same basic customer need.”
– Identifying industry: Consumer-oriented view is better than
product-oriented view
– Broader view is better than narrow view
– Industry boundary may change
• Sector: “…a group of closely related industries.”
• Market Segments: “…distinct groups of customers
within a market that can be differentiated from each
other on the basis of their distinct attributes and
specific demands..”
6. Forces Shape Competition
• Porter's five forces helps
• Stronger these forces, limited is the ability of
firms to raise prices and earn profit
Weak competitive forces = Opportunity
Strong competitive force = Threat (because they
depress profit)
• Strength of these forces changes
• And are the opportunities and threats –
design appropriate strategic responses
8. Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors
Competitors: “…companies… not currently competing in
an industry but have the capability to do so...”
They may not enter if barriers are high
1. Economies of Scale – unit costs fall
Cost reductions – mass production of standardized output
Bulk purchase discounts
Cost savings
2. Brand Loyalty = creating customer preferences
3. Absolute Cost Advantages v. New Entrants
Superior production operation and process due to
accumulated experience, patents, and secret processes
Control of production inputs
Lower financial risks
4. Customer Switching Costs
5. Government Regulation
9. Rivalry Among Established Companies
Rivalry: “…competitive struggle between companies in
same industry to gain market share...”
Influenced by
1. Industry Competitive Structure- Number/size of
companies, consolidated vs. fragmented
2. Industry Demand Conditions
• Growing demand – reduces rivalry
• Declining demand – encourages rivalry
3. Cost Conditions
• High fixed costs – profitability leveraged by volume
• Slow demand/growth – intense rivalry/lower profits
4. Exit Barriers – lock up firms and reduce profit
• Write-off assets High fixed cost
• Economic dependence Emotional attachment
• Maintain assets Bankruptcy regulations
10. Bargaining Power of Buyers
Bargaining power here refers to the ability of buyers to
bargain down prices charged by companies in the industry or
to raise the costs of companies in the industry by demanding
better quality and service
High: Threat because they squeeze profit
Buyers are most powerful when:
1. Suppliers = many small companies, buyers large/few
2. Purchase in large quantities
3. Suppliers depend on buyers for large % of orders
4. Buyers switching costs are low
5. Buyer can purchase from several
6. Buyers supply own needs
11. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Suppliers are most powerful when:
1. Few substitutes
2. Industry not important to suppliers
3. Buyers- purchase large % of orders
4. Buyers experience significant switching costs
5. Suppliers can threaten to enter industry
• Produce/supply own product
• Buyers cannot threaten to make own inputs
12. Substitute Products
They are “…products from different businesses or
industries…can satisfy similar customer needs.”
1. Existence of close substitutes a strong threat -
Substitutes limit price that companies can charge for
product
2. Substitutes a weak competitive force
• Few close substitutes
• Companies in industry can raise prices and earn
additional profits.
13. Sixth Force: Complementors
“…sell products that add value to the products.. In an
industry… when use together….”
1. Substitutes/complements influence demand
2. Important in demand & profitability in many hi-tech
industries
14. Strategic Groups Within Industries
They are“…follow a business model… similar to other companies
within… group, but are different from the business model of
other companies in other… groups.
Implications
1. Closest competitors in same strategic group viewed as
substitutes for each other
2. Different competitive forces and may face different set of
opportunities/threats
Mobility Barriers
1. Inhibit movement between strategic groups
2. Include barriers to enter another group or exit existing
15. Industry Life Cycle Analysis
• This approach
“…analyzes the effects of industry evolution on
competitive forces over time…characterized by five
distinct life cycle stages”
To remember:
Strength and nature of five forces change as industry
evolves
17. Stages
1. Embryonic- beginning to develop; perfecting products,
educating customers, opening distribution channels
2. Growth- demand takes-off; focus on keeping up with
high industry growth
3. Shakeout- demand approaches saturation,
replacements; emergence of excess productive
capacity
4. Mature- saturated with low/no growth; consolidation
based on market share, driving down price
5. Decline- growth becomes negative; rivalry further
intensifies based on rate of decline/exit barriers
18. Limitations of Models for Industry Analysis
1) Life Cycle Issues
a) Cycles not always follow generalization
b) Rapid growth situations may skip embryonic
c) Growth revitalized by innovation/social change
d) Time span of stages can vary
2) Innovation and Change
a) Punctuated Equilibrium- industry’s long term stable
structure punctuated with periods of rapid
change/innovation
b) Hypercompetitive industries- permanent, ongoing
innovation & competitive change
3) Company Differences
a) Significant variances in profit rates
b) Resources/capabilities determinants of profit
20. The Macro-environment
• Macro-economic Forces: rates of interest, currency
exchange, inflation/deflation
• Global Forces: barriers to international trade and
investment
• Technological Forces: new technologies
• Demographic Forces: changes in characteristics of a
population
• Social Forces: social values and mores
• Political & Legal Forces: laws/regulations
22. The Role of the Macro-environment
Changes in one or more forces in the
macro-environment can affect:
–Competitiveness of the industry (Porter’s
Five Forces)
–Attractiveness of the industry
–Relative strengths (or weaknesses) of a
given company
23. Michael Porter on strategy
“Strategy is a choice on how to compete.”
