ENDOC

1. `

4. WHAT DID YOU FEEL?

5. WHY DID YOU FEEL?

6. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
Unit 6 – Lesson 2

7. Endocrine System
•Production of hormones
•Chemical messengers
•Consists of glands
•smallest organs

8. Endocrine System
•Control overall development
•Regulate the body
•Self-regulates hormones
•Can affect body if malfunctioning

9. ENDOCRINE GLANDS

10. Endocrine Glands
•Release hormones
•11 major glands

12. Hypothalamus
•Regulates:
•Blood temperature
•Blood pressure
•Water consumption (ADH)
•Muscle contraction and milk production
(oxytocin)

14. Pituitary
•Regulates:
•Skeletal growth
•Stimulates:
•Adrenal glands
•Thyroid gland
•Mammary glands (prolactin)

16. Pineal Gland
•Regulates:
•Sleeping patterns and Circadian rhythm
(melatonin)

18. Thyroid Gland
•Regulates:
•Rate of metabolism
•Calcium levels (thyroxine)

20. Parathyroid Glands
•Regulates:
•Mineral content
•Calcium and phosphorus

22. Thymus Gland
•Regulates:
•Immune system (thymosin)

24. Pancreas
•Regulates:
•Sugar levels (insulin)
•Glycogen to glucose (glucagon)

26. Adrenal Glands
•Regulates:
•Fight or flight response (adrenaline)
•Sex hormones
•Metabolism

28. Ovary
•Regulates:
•Estrogen and progesterone levels
•Reproduction

30. Placenta
•Regulates:
•Progesterone levels during pregnancy

32. Testicles
•Regulates:
•Testosterone production
•Develops:
•Secondary male characteristics

34. DISEASES OF THE
ENDOCRINE
GLANDS

35. Diseases of the Endocrine Glands
•Gland malfunction
•Abnormal release of hormones
•Too high or too low

36. Hypothyroidism
•Thyroid
•Can’t produce enough hormones

37. Hypothyroidism
•Symptoms
•Enlarged thyroid
•Fatigue, weight gain
•Decreased memory
•Heavy period

39. Hypothyroidism
•Treatment
•Replacement hormone
•Levothyroxine (tablet)

40. Cushing’s syndrome
•Pituitary gland
•Tumor
•High levels of cortisol – a stress hormone
•Controls stress

41. Cushing’s syndrome
•Symptoms
•Fatigue, weight gain
•Irregular period
•Depression

43. Cushing’s syndrome
•Treatment
•Surgery, then replacement drugs
•Radiology, then replacement drugs
•Replacement drugs

44. Metabolic Syndrome
•Pancreas
•Increased insulin
•Can lead to:
•Stroke
•Diabetes

45. Metabolic Syndrome
•Symptoms
•High blood pressure
•Balding, weight gain
•Irregular period, extra hairs

48. Metabolic Syndrome
•Treatment
•Low carb diet
•Low cholesterol diet
•Exercise

49. Estrogen Deficiency
•Ovary
•Low amounts of estrogen

50. Estrogen Deficiency
•Symptoms
•Fatigue
•During menopause

51. Estrogen Deficiency
•Treatment
•Replacement hormones

52. Testosterone Deficiency
•Adrenal Glands
•Low testosterone

53. Testosterone Deficiency
•Symptoms
•Fatigue
•Low libido – sexual desire

54. Testosterone Deficiency
•Treatment
•Replacement hormones

55. Insomnia
•Pineal Gland
•Inconsistent sleep patterns
•Use of sedatives and stimulants
•Medical condition

56. Insomnia
•Symptoms
•Difficulty sleeping
•Fatigue upon waking up
•Irritability, depression or anxiety
•Cognitive malfunction

57. Insomnia
•Treatment
•Establish sleep cycle
•Limit naps
•Don’t eat or drink before bed
•Treat medical problems

58. Gigantism or Acromegaly
•Pituitary
•Too much growth hormone (GH)
•Usually tumor
•Either as a child or adult

59. Gigantism or Acromegaly
•Symptoms
•Very large hands and feet
•Coarse facial features
•Thick fingers and toes

62. Gigantism or Acromegaly
•Treatment
•Removal of tumor
•Usually benign
•Once fully developed
•No cure

63. Dwarfism
•Pituitary
•Too low growth hormone (GH)
•Too low metabolism

64. Dwarfism
•Symptoms
•Slow growth rate
•Smaller stature
•Delayed sexual development
•Various physical deformities

67. Dwarfism
•Treatment
•So far, none