Presentation: The role of Southern Gas Corridor for energy security of Europe
Ilkin Aslanov, Executive Assistant to SOCAR President Advisor, SOCAR, Azerbaijan
Presentation: Environmental services for the oil and gas industry
Giannis Karakolis, North Greece Director, POLYECO S.A.
Simon Geragthy, Drilling Waste Management Expert, POLYECO S.A
Presentation: Concessions and the legal framework in Energy
Etleva Kondi, Director of Concessions, Procurement and Privatisation, Ministry of Energy and Industry
Presentation: Strengthening integration on Energy Community and investment opportunities
Lorenc Gordani, Professor of EU Law and Project Director, ACERC
Presentation: The refining sector of Albania
Christophe Darbord, Chief Executive Officer, Armo Refinery
Presentation: What is the energy investment outlook in Albania for 2020?
Entela Çipa, Advisor to the Minister of Energy and Industry
Presentation: Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative - EITI in Albania
Dorina Çinari, Director, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) Albania
Presentation: The National Economic Council; Fostering Business-Government dialogue
Elona Varfi, COO, National Economic Council (NEC)
Keynote Presentation from the Ministry of Energy and Industry - Electricity Directorate
Agim Bregasi, Director of Policies and Development of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Industry
Presentation: An overview of Albania’s greatest energy source - Hydropower
Aas Agnar, Director of Governmental Affairs, Devoll Hydropower, Albania
Presentation: An overview of the mining sector in Albania
Mehmet Hasalami, Policy and Development Directorate of Mines, Ministry of Energy and Industry
How Albanian legislation facilitates the exploration and development of hydro...Albania Energy Association
Presentation: How Albanian legislation facilitates the exploration and development of hydrocarbons
Dael Dervishi, Executive Director, National Agency of Natural Resources (AKBN)
Presentation: Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) – The European leg of the Southern Gas Corridor
Shkelqim Bozgo, Country Manager for Albania, Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP)
Presentation: Overall analysis of the onshore sector of Albania and current developments
Dritan Spahiu, Director of Policies and Development of Hydrocarbons, Ministry of Energy and Industry
The revival and transformation of Europe’s largest onshore oilfield; the Pato...Albania Energy Association
Presentation: The revival and transformation of Europe’s largest onshore oilfield; the Patos-Marinza field
Leonidha Çobo, General Manager, Bankers Petroleum Albania Ltd
How Albanian legislation facilitates the exploration and development of hydro...Albania Energy Association
Presentation: How Albanian legislation facilitates the exploration and development of hydrocarbons
Dael Dervishi, Executive Director, National Agency of Natural Resources (AKBN)
Presentation: Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) – The European leg of the Southern Gas Corridor
Shkelqim Bozgo, Country Manager for Albania, Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP)
Presentation: Overall analysis of the onshore sector of Albania and current developments
Dritan Spahiu, Director of Policies and Development of Hydrocarbons, Ministry of Energy and Industry
The revival and transformation of Europe’s largest onshore oilfield; the Pato...Albania Energy Association
Presentation: The revival and transformation of Europe’s largest onshore oilfield; the Patos-Marinza field
Leonidha Çobo, General Manager, Bankers Petroleum Albania Ltd
Poyry - How can small-scale LNG help grow the European gas market? - Point of...Pöyry
A large new market for natural gas is under rapid development whilst also reducing emissions. LNG is reaching markets previously inaccessible to pipeline gas; as a fuel for transport and for communities remote from the gas grid. A significant development is the use of LNG in marine transport, which currently uses heavy fuel oils.
Andrea Marroni - Expert Leader - Climate Change, AF - Mercados EMI EuropeWEC Italia
Slides presentate a Roma il 21 novembre 2013 in occasione del Workshop "Il Ruolo della Marina Militare per l'Impiego del Gas Naturale nella Propulsione Navale" promosso da @ConferenzaGNL, un progetto a cura di Symposia e WEC Italia - TWITTER #GNL @ItalianNavy
There are many reasons why firms need to model the exterior contour of existing aircraft OMLs (Outer Mold Lines). Most aircraft flying today were not designed in a modern 3D CAD program. Even with a current 3D digital design, the actual as-built contour deviates from the intended shape, at least at some level.
Direct Dimensions has used a wide variety of 3D measurement equipment and software for nearly 15 years to accurately capture and model these shapes for many different applications and purposes. This presentation will focus on the evolution of 3D scanning equipment and software through many examples with emphasis on practical application, costs, schedules, deliverables, etc.
Having real world customers that demand higher quality and lower price over time for this application, Direct Dimensions has continually searched for the best tools and methods for performing these projects. This experience and perspective will be freely shared with the audience in order to develop an appreciation for the selection of such tools for these projects.
Poyry - How can small-scale LNG help grow the European gas market? - Point of...Pöyry
A large new market for natural gas is under rapid development whilst also reducing emissions. LNG is reaching markets previously inaccessible to pipeline gas; as a fuel for transport and for communities remote from the gas grid. A significant development is the use of LNG in marine transport, which currently uses heavy fuel oils.
Andrea Marroni - Expert Leader - Climate Change, AF - Mercados EMI EuropeWEC Italia
Slides presentate a Roma il 21 novembre 2013 in occasione del Workshop "Il Ruolo della Marina Militare per l'Impiego del Gas Naturale nella Propulsione Navale" promosso da @ConferenzaGNL, un progetto a cura di Symposia e WEC Italia - TWITTER #GNL @ItalianNavy
There are many reasons why firms need to model the exterior contour of existing aircraft OMLs (Outer Mold Lines). Most aircraft flying today were not designed in a modern 3D CAD program. Even with a current 3D digital design, the actual as-built contour deviates from the intended shape, at least at some level.
Direct Dimensions has used a wide variety of 3D measurement equipment and software for nearly 15 years to accurately capture and model these shapes for many different applications and purposes. This presentation will focus on the evolution of 3D scanning equipment and software through many examples with emphasis on practical application, costs, schedules, deliverables, etc.
Having real world customers that demand higher quality and lower price over time for this application, Direct Dimensions has continually searched for the best tools and methods for performing these projects. This experience and perspective will be freely shared with the audience in order to develop an appreciation for the selection of such tools for these projects.
presentatie geselecteerd paper ’Planning 0-energy cities, using local energy sources';
paper gepubliceerd in boek dat samengesteld is n.a.v. conferentie: 'Towards 0-Impact Buildings and Built Environments; eds: R.Rovers, J.Kimman, C.Ravesloot; Techne Press, Amsterdam, 2010'
Art Cart is an intergenerational arts legacy project that will connect aging professional artists with teams of graduate students to undertake the preparation and documentation of their creative work, offering both groups an educational experience that will help shape the future of our cultural legacy.
The RCAC's recent study, Above Ground: Information on Artists III: Special Focus New York City Aging Artists, revealed that artists are in many respects a model for society, maintaining strong social networks and an astonishing resilience as they age. Yet 61% of professional visual artists age 62+ have made no preparation for their work after their death; 95% have not archived their work; 97% have no estate plan; 3 out of every 4 artists have no will and 1 in 5 have no documentation of their work at all.
Lazard Capital Markets Research Report on Ventrus Biosciences (NASDAQ: VTUS; Stock Twits; $VTUS), which is a development stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development of late-stage prescription drugs for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically hemorrhoids, anal fissures and fecal incontinence.
Overview on Transmission pipeline of gas over the world
and the transnational pipelines fro India
Includes many countries pipelines such as Russia , Europe , China , Pakistan , India , Gulf Nations , Iran , Iraq and issues and challenges faced foe these pipelines by diffrent nations, both origin nation , destination and the mediator nations
Good Overalling
total slides = 46
pressented in year 2015
Turkmen gas for consumers in Europe – a fully fledged Southern Gas Corridor i...ITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at GIOGIE 2014 (Georgian International Oil, Infrastructure and Energy Conference) on Turkmen gas for consumers in Europe - Southern Gas Corridor.
By Giorgi Vashakmadze, Director, Corporate Development, W-Stream Caspian Pipeline Company Ltd
Learn more about Southern Gas Corridor: recenent developments and prospects at GIOGIE Conference (25-26 March). http://www.giogie.com/Home.aspx
New base energy news issue 853 dated 18 may 2016Khaled Al Awadi
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 18 May 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In today’s issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: ENEC approves formation of Nawah energy company
• Greece and partners sign off Trans-Adriatic Pipeline to widen gas supply
• India Gropes its Way towards Market Prices
• Canada: Alberta wildfire destroys oil sands work camp as thousands of staff evacuated
• US: EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook is a projection, not a prediction
• Oil prices remain near 2016 highs on global supply disruptions
• Is Saudi Arabia calling the market's bluff over oil?
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Russia's gas pivot to Asia: a short-sighted policy or a long-term strategy?Olga Gerasimchuk
This presentation aims to examine the reasons which have prompted Russia to seek closer gas cooperation with Asia Pacific countries (mainly China), as well as hightlight its current gas pipeline and LNG projects in the East.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly changing the structure of the global gas industry.
Flexible in transportation, safe in use, and competitive in supply, LNG today has already won more than 40% of the physical volume of world gas exports and is expected to reach 60% by 2040. In 2020, the development of the LNG market underwent significant transformations, as the COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to the global economy.
CO2 transport systems development status of three large-scale European CCS de...Global CCS Institute
The European CCS Demonstration Project Network was pleased to present the webinar “CO2 transport systems development status of three large-scale European CCS demonstration projects with EEPR funding” on Thursday, 26 February 2014. This webinar, presented by Jens Hetland, PhD, addressed technical and operational aspects pertaining to the transport of CO2 in Europe. It covered lessons learnt from the development of three large-scale CCS demonstration projects: the UK-based Don Valley project, the Dutch ROAD project, and the Spanish Compostilla project. These projects have been members of the European CCS Demonstration project Network since its establishment by the European Commission in 2009, when they were all selected by the European Commission to receive funding under the European Energy Programme for Recovery (EEPR).
The purpose of the projects is to verify feasible capture techniques and to demonstrate geological storage options. As the distance and elevation of the CO2 transport system are inherently given by the project, the transport conditions for the CO2 will generally differ from one project to another.
The demonstration projects have shown that the thermophysical nature of CO2 is prone to complicate certain operational procedures mainly due to phenomena like phase change, hydrate formation and Joule-Thomson cooling. The front-end engineering design studies suggest, however, that the handling of CO2 is quite feasible during normal operation, although customised solutions may be required to handle transients like emergency shut-down and pipeline re-pressurisation. This implies that CO2 transport is not seen as an insuperable hurdle to the design and operation of large-scale CCS systems.
Albania an important energy hub for the Southern Gas Corridor Realistic over...Albania Energy Association
Albania an important energy hub for the Southern Gas Corridor
Realistic overview of the Albanian and West Balkan
Erlet Shaqe
Co-Founder and Chairman of AEA
aea@aea-al.org
EU Gas Demand
Composition of the European gas supply
Existing and planned import pipelines to Europe
Natural gas demand on the Balkans
The Balkan Gas Hub
The Albania/Balkan region
Regional primary energy production WB
Natural Gas Role in the Albanian Energy Balance
Ionian – Adriatic Pipeline
TAP is considered important for Albania
Albania Natural Gas Forecast
Realistic potential area for developing the gas transmission and distribution in Albania
Underground Gas Storage potentials of Albania.
*Credits AEA-Albania Energy Association
Albania investments and Hydropower development 2017
The Albania Energy Association represents the Albania energy industry, covering all renewable, power, heat and fuels.
Albania Country of Opportunities .
CILESIA E AJRIT NE AMBIENTET E BRENDESHME
Studimi i mirëqënies termike nuk mund te jete i shkeputur nga ajoe e
cilësisë së ajrit në brendësi të ambienteve të rrethuara. Vëzhgimi i
sëmundjeve në dukje (sindroma të ndërtesës së sëmurë) të çuditshme në
kushte të caktuara ka çuar në lindjen e një linje tjetër studimi që i
referohet cilësisë kimike – fizike të ajrit qe, sot njihet si IAQ (Indoor Air Quality-Cilësia e Ajrit të Brendshëm). Materialet përshtatura për ndërtime, mobiljet, gazrat e përdorur në impiante, të gjithë këto prodhojnë substanca avulluese organike ( Volatile Organic Compound, VOC– Përzierje Organike Avulli) që, në përqëndrim të pakontrolluar mund të sjellin sëmundje të natyrave dhe rrezikshmërive të ndryshme.
TREGUESIT E CILËSISE SË AJRIT
PROÇESET PSIKROMETRIKE
RRL
Ngarkesa Ftohëse
CENTRALET FRIGORIFERIKE
Metodat e permasimit te tubave te ajrit
vercoming challenges in the exploration of Albania’s high potential carbonate...Albania Energy Association
Presentation: Overcoming challenges in the exploration of Albania’s high potential carbonate structures
Peter Sider, Vice President, Engineering, Operations and Business Development, Petromanas
Transporti me litare, perfshine ato lloje te transporti ne te cilen objekti qe transportohet c’vendoset me ndihmen e nje litari. Kjo eshte konceptuar ne terheqjen e mjetit mbartes me anen e litarit, pergjate udhes se tij, ose shtriries se tij. Historikisht tipike, ky lloj transporti perfaqesonte levizjet e mjeteve lundruese, mbi lumenj ose kanale lundruese. Sot ky lloj transporti (lumenj lundruese) eshte gjeneruar ne forma te ndryshme, sic do ta shohim ne leksionet e meposhteme. Peshen kryesore ne kete lloj transporti e ze transporti me teleferik dhe ai me ashensore, (pa permendur makinat ngritese-transportuese). Transporti me terheqje rreshqanthi, pergjate tokes, eshte pak i perhapur. (Ekzistojne studime te cilat tentojne te perfshijne kete lloj transporti, te permendur ne fund, ne formen e linjave me shina, si nje forme e transportit urban ne qytetet e medha dhe me infrastrukture te dobed). Ne ne leksionin tone do te trajtojme transportin me teleferik, dhe ai me ashensore, si dy forma transporti me mundesi perhapje ne Shqiperi. Per transportin me makina peshengritese-transportuese, nuk do ti trajtojme, per specifikat e vecanta te tyre, si dhe per detyren qe ne kemi vene ne lenden tone, Transportin publik
Kerkesa per parkim
Karakteristika e problemeve te transportit
Parkimi eshte nje aspekt i rendesishem i transportit qe ndihmon (pranon) ne praktike levizjen e automjeit. Ne qendrat urbane politika e vendqendrimeve te inspirohet nga kritere dhe objektiva te ndryshme , por ne cdo rast p[ermban nje total racionale e bazuar ne njohjen e ofertes ne veprim dhe kerkeses me te gjitha kuptimet sasiore e cilesore. Vleresimi i ofertes eshte nje problem i nje vezhgimi te paster statistikore ndersa kerkesa varion ne hapsire dhe ne kohen dhe mbi gjithshka ne sjelljen e perdoruesave ne lidhjen me politiken e pergjitheshme dhe ne vecanti me vete politiken e vendqendrimeve. Ne kete kapitull do te mundohemi te ndertojme tek disa modele te vleresimit te kerkeses, ne vecanti tek modeli gravitacional , dhe do te dallohen disa parametra qe bejne matjen e kerkeses per parkim.
Po te levizjen per sherbim transporti si nje rryme fluidi (ajri/lengu), dhe infrastrukturen si nje labirinth tubash, me pike fillimi, mbarimi, si dhe interseksione te ndryshme, ku neper kete sistem tubash kalon fluidi ne fjale. Eshte e kuptueshme qe per kontrollin ose komandimin e rastit, te vendosen disa elemente konstruktive, te cilet disiplinojne kalimin e fluidit neper nje, ose disa tuba te vecante, ose te lidhur ne njefare sistemi. Keshtu me kete lloj perfytyrimi qe ne po krijojme, mund ta njehsojme levizjen kaotike neper infrastrukture, te perdoruesave te mjeteve (shofere transporti mallrash, ose pasagjeresh, ose qytetare perdorues te mjeteve private, te cilet levizin neper infrastrukturen ekzistuese, per te realizuar nje cvendosje nga nje pozicion ne nje tjeter). Ne q. se vazhdojme te krahasojme situacionin e mesiper, ne llidhje me nje fluid vleresohen parametrat cilesor te tij si:, temperaturat dhe vetit e fizike te tij, vizkoziteti, pasha specifike, shpejtesia etj. Te cilat vleresojne levizjen e fluidit ne keto tubacione. Ne nje sistem transporti levizja e perdoruesave te infrastruktures ne nje intinerar mund te vleresohet nga disa parametra ose karkateristikat e fluksit te perdoruesave, te cilat mund te grupojme 3 faktore qe influencojne direkt per kete fenomen, ose levizje. Mjeti-drejtuesi-ambjenti, te tre keto grupime jane elmente perberes dhe influencues ne cdo lloj levizje mjetesh ne te gjithe infrastrukturen.
Ne c’do projekt transporti, ne aspektin e trajtimit te skemes klasike, sic quhet teknologjia e transportit (ai i transportit te objektit nga nje vend ne nje tjeter),.kemi kete perberje ne procesin teknologjik :
Levizja e objektit (mall ose njerez) me mjetin mbartes. Ne kapitujt e mesiperm ne i kemi permendur keto lloj mjetesh te cilet percaktojne dhe llojin e transportit, konkretisht kane keto emertime:
• transporti automobilistik (mjeti eshte automobili)
• transporti detare e lumore (mjeti eshte lundra, varka)
• transporti hekurudhore (mjeti eshte vagoni i terhequr me lokomotive )
• transporti airore (mjeti eshte aeroplani, helikopteri, balona, )
• transporti me litare (mjeti eshte teleferiku, ashensori, ose c’do makine ngritese transportuese)
Nganjehere kerkohet te parashikohet nje perspektive e zhvillimit te transportit, ose te ristrukturohet ne drejtim te permiresimit te parametrave, nje sistemi transporti. Keshtu, mund dhe duhet te behen, ridimensionimet gjenerale te modeleve matematikore, ose te relacioneve matematikore te bashkangjitura keto projektit te sistemit te transportit. Sa me siper, mund te shprehim ne forme te pergjitheshme :
Tij* = ( fk1,fk2,...fkn )= f(A,B,C,...,M) ku :
T fluksi i spostimeve ndaj 2 zonave i-j dhe me karakteristikat e ketij fluksi fk1,..fkn. te cilat japin funksionet relative A,B,C,... per sistemin e transportit.
Eshte e domosdoshme te sqarojme se, ne evolucionin e kerkeses per transport, futen parametra me te dukshme, ndersa te tjerat nuk perfillen, per vete natyren diskrete, te ketyre rasteve, ky fakt e ben qe, here pas here te rishikohen vleresimet, per zgjidhjen e sistemit kzistues, (sepse faktoret ndryshojne, si koha/ kosto/ distanca e levizjes me kemb/ parkimi/ komoditeti etj.). Ne perdorimin e modelit matematik, per nje sistem transporti, praktikisht behet nje thjeshtim i realitetit, gje qe zgjidhjet optimale duhen te merren duke i permiresuar here pas here parametrat e nje sistemi transporti, ne perputhje me kushtet aktualehere.
Si duhet ta shikojme/studjojme rrealisht nje statistike ne fushen e transportitAlbania Energy Association
Elementi baze ne ndertimin e nje projekti transporti eshte analiza e kerkes-ofert per transport. Kjo shpesh vjen nga verejtjet, ose pamjat direkte ne terren, nga menyra se si sillen ose levizin njerezit apo mallrat. Ashtu si dhe ne vleresimet e tjera per terrenin, edhe ketu kemi nje logjike te perafert, e dalluar, si me poshte:
1) Niveli i sherbimit mbi infrastrukturen ekzistuese, kjo ka te beje me grumbullimin e te dhenave rreale, statistikore mbi infrastrukturen ekzistuese, si dhe kerkesen per transport, apo sherbimet e transportit, si dhe pyetjet ose ceshtjet te tjera, qe lindin ne kete bashkeveprim kerkese-oferte
2) Modelimi simulues i nje sistemi, ne te cilen jane parashikuar vleresimet tekniko-ekonomike, nder te tjerat dhe demografike, social-ekonomike, urbanistike, etj. Si kane ndikuar ose vijuar keto elemente, gjate shfrytezimit ?
3) Treguesit Financiare, si kane qene dhe si eshte bilanci financiare i ketij sherbimi, dinamika e tij, si dhe ndonje alternative e tij, ne pasqyren e kostove e te rendimentit
Per ndertimin e nje projekt transporti, duhet detyrimisht te merren ne konsiderate shume elemente, ose kushte, te cilat konvertohen ne nje bashkesi ndervaresie e quajtur Modeli i sistemit te transportit, ky model eshte i afte ti simuloje keto kushte apo elemente, te projektit duke ne dhene rezultatet respektive. Sa me siper, nje projekt per nje sistem transporti, duhet te ece neper keto faza logjike:
Individualizimi i objeketve qe kerkojne levizje (kerkesa per transport)
Analiza sasiore e sistemit te transportit aktual (ose per disa sisteme)
Ndertimi i nje model varesie, qe perfaqeson nje sitem transporti, i cili eshte ne gjendje te funksionoje me te dhenat (dati) aktuale, si edhe me parametrat e vlerave te prespektives, ne lidhje me kete sistem qe po projektojme, se bashkeu me sistemet e tjere konkurues
Pergjithesime
Nje nder problemet qe e veshtiresojne shperndarjen, shtririen e transportit te mallrave mbi rruge, eshte koha e madhe jo levizese e mallit, ne pikat e nderthuries se levizjeve (grumbullimin, shperndarjen, vazhdim levizjeje te mallit ne destinacion) e cila presupozon kohen e perpunimit te mallit. Si dhe siperfaqet e disponueshme per kete kohe ne keto pika te nderthurjes se levizjes e te perpunimit te mallrave. Keshtu mga viti 1930-40 filloj nje koncep i ri “unifikimi i njesive te ngarkesave” kjo do te thote qe menyra te ambalazhimit te jete e paraqykyar qe ne projektim si nje element ne teknologjine e organizimit te transportit te objektit, kjo gje solli qe:
Elementi baze ne ndertimin e nje projekti transporti eshte hapesira fizike e shtrirejes se aktivitetit te sistemit te transportit, kjo per faktin e kalimeve ose te ndersjelles reciproke, te lelementeve teknike e politike te ketyre siperfaqeve. Per kete te kujtojme nje fakt te thjeshte dhe shume domethenes, ne shtrirjen e linjave nderkokmbetare te hekurudhes, dikur jo te gjitha shtetet, kishin standartin e distancave te shinave te barabarte, pra nuk rrealizohej teknikisht kalimi i vagonit te trenit nga nje shtet tek tjeti, (pasi nuk i kishin te njejta distancen e shinave), sot ky element nuk egziston (eshte eleminiur me kohe), por ekziston ndryshimi i tensionit elektrik, ne rrjetin e fuqise, per linjat hekurudhore te shteteve te ndryshme. (sot ky problem eleminohet duke ndrushuar lokomotiven, pra artificialisht krijohet ndalesa). Ne nje sistem transporti urban, siperfaqet ose zonat e hapesirave, kane rendesi te shikohen ne aspektin cilesor te tyre, nder te cilat mund te permendim, gjendja social-ekonomike e siperfaqes, prezenca e qendrave te medha tregtare e kulturore, destinacioni i aktivitetit te siperfaqes (aktiviteti kryesore i saj). etj. Por hapsira e territorit te referimit, mund te jete dytesore, ne kuptimin e rendesise se nivelit te transportit (pra nuk merret ne konsiderate karakteristikat e zones ne te cilen operohet). Hapsirat i dallojme nga elementi i pare i tyre, ndarjet poloitike.
Problemet e transportit jane bere me te mprehura dhe me kritike se asnjehere tjeter, si ne vendet e industrializuara ashtu edhe ne ato ne zhvillim. Mungesa e lendes djegese (perkohesish) nuk jane probleme qe e preokupojne sot transportin, por eshte rritja e pergjithshme e trafikut dhe e kerkesave per transport, te cilat kane si pasoje efektet e mbingarkit te trafikut, vonesat, aksidentet, si dhe problemet per mjedisin, keto te fundit kane shkuar aq laarg, sa tashme nuk mund te jene te pranueshme. Shprehemi qe keto probleme, nuk mund te kufizohen tek rruget, ose infrastruktura dhe trafiku i autoveturave.
Mjetet primitive te mbartjes jane shfaqur qe ne stadin fillestar te shoqerise njerezore. Nevojat e njeriut per te levizur dhe per te mbartur sendet dhe produktet, e ka bere ate te mendoje, e te veproje, per te perdorur rruge dhe mjete transporti, ne uje, toke dhe me vone ne ajer. Me fjalen transport, do te quajme teresine e veprimeve per c’vendosjen e nje objekti materjal ose frymore, pa ja humbur vetite perberese te tij, brenda nje ambjenti te caktuar me karakteristikat e pergjithshme te tij.
Në barrën e keqkuptimeve që, me kalimin e shekujve, vijnë duke u shtuar mbi marrëdhëniet e
Perëndimit me vendet ballkanike, bën pjesë edhe përçmimi për thuajse gjithë sa është
ballkanike, duke e përfillur këtë rajon si vis pa qytetërim "oksidental". Duke i veshur
Ballkanit prirjen për të përmbysur situatat gjeopolitike të Europës, intelektualë mediokër të
Perëndimit europian i fajësojnë popujt ballkanikë për mynxyra deri nga ato që s'i nxë mendja.
Analistët madje flasin rëndom për "bal kanizim", në një kuptim fortësisht pejorativ, për të
dëftuar gjithë sa, në doke, në kulturë dhe në nivelin e jetesës, i kundërvihet Perëndimit "të
tyre". Kështu Ballkani, më shumë se një rajon, është bërë një problem, duke qenë fjala për një
"Ballkan" që ekziston më së shumti në mendje, se në terren.
Në një situatë të tillë është bërë tanimë detyrë të thyerit e mjaft prej modeleve me të cilat janë
modeluar faktet e historisë botërore përkundrejt historisë së rajonit tonë, posaçërisht të atyre
modeleve që përftojnë një shembëlltyrë të shformuar mbi zhvillimin e historisë europiane në
të cilën Lindja shfaqet si një periferi e Perëndimit. Sidomos "ne ballkanikët" s'kemi më se
përse të vijojmë duke pranuar një histori të njerëzimit siç është shkruar në mënyrë diverguese
vetëm prej "popujve të mëdhenj", një histori që e vështron rajonin tonë si një "botë shtojcë", e
cila gjallin jashtë qendrës së historisë botërore të identifikuar me një traditë vetëm e vetëm
"oksidentale".
Një nga sfidat që do të përcaktonte fatin e Bashkimit Evropian në vitet 90-të ishte bashkimi ekonomik e monetar. Shqipëria e atyre viteve niste hapat e saj të brishtë drejt ekonomisë së tregut të lirë. Situata ekonomik-financiare që trashëgoi qeveria e parë demokratike ishte tragjike: leku zhvlerësohej dita-ditës, inflacioni ishte galopant, rezervat në valutë të huaj të Bankës së Shtetit kishin shteruar në manovra të gabuara në bursa ndërkombëtare, ekonomia ishte në stanjacion të plotë. Ekonomia e tregut ngjalli dëshirën e shqiptarëve për ty hapur bizneset e para ndaj kishte një etje të tregut për valutë të huaj, kryesisht dollar. Të ardhurat nga emigrantët në vendet fqinje kishin filluar të luanin rolin e tyre në balancën financiare të vendit. Dollari amerikan, lireta italiane, marka gjermane apo dhrahmia greke filluan të shkëmbeheshin në tregun e zi, sistemi bankar i asaj kohe akoma nuk kish lulëzuar, ndërsa banka e Shqipërisë ishte e papërgatitur ndaj fenomeneve të reja financiare që po lindnin. Mosbesimi ndaj lekut, nevoja për siguri të kursimeve dhe tregtia me jashtë solli nisjen e një procesi gradual të zëvendësimit të monedhës në ekonominë shqiptare. Monedha unike, Euro hyri në qarkullim në 1 Janar të vitit 2002 në 12 vende të BE ndaj dhe në Shqipëri do të trokiste shpejt. Në fillim shqiptarët u treguan të rezervuar ndaj euros por siç u vu re dhe më vonë shumë shpejt do të behej monedha dominuese në shkëmbimet tregtare dhe në kursimet e shqiptarëve.
Transmetimi i nxehtësisë është shkenca mbi proçeset e përhapjes (ose këmbimit) të nxehtësisë. Transmetim nxehtësie quhet kalimi i energjisë në formën e nxehtësisë ndërmjet trupave që kanë temperatura të ndryshme. Forca lëvizëse e çdo proçesi të transmetimit të nxehtësisë është diferenca e temperaturave (t) ndërmjet trupit më të nxehtë dhe më të ftohtë.
Termoteknika është një nga shkencat teknike që studion ligjet e prodhimit dhe transmetimit të punës, nxehtësisë dhe energjisë, dhe shndërrimet e ndersjellta të tyre; Termoteknika përbëhet nga termodinamika teknike dhe transmetimi i nxehtësisë. Termodinamika teknike studion ligjet e shndërrimit reciprok të nxehtësisë dhe të punës mekanike, ndërsa transmetimi i nxehtësisë studion ligjet e kalimit të nxehtësisë ndërmjet trupave.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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1. Presentation: The role of Southern Gas Corridor
for energy security of Europe
Ilkin Aslanov, Executive Assistant to SOCAR
President Advisor, SOCAR, Azerbaijan
2. MR. Ilkin Aslanov
Executive Assistant to SOCAR President
Advisor, SOCAR
State Oil Company of the
Republic of Azerbaijan
18 March, Tirana
3. “The Role of Southern Gas
Corridor for Energy Security of
Europe”
Gas Sales
4. • Proven total hydrocarbon reserves -- 4,6 billion tons
• Forecasted total hydrocarbon reserves -- 10 billion tons
• Prospective onshore and offshore structures – 40
5. • Secure energy stability and sustainability
• Strategic cooperation with leading energy
companies
• New infrastructure development and
upgrade, modernization and efficient use of
existing infrastructure
• Optimization of management
• Oil/Gas revenues management
• Expansion of SOCAR’s investment portfolio
and geography of operations
• Diversification of consumer markets and
export transportation routes
• Contribution to the development of
Southern Energy Corridor
Azerbaijan’s Gas
Strategy:
Views and Perspectives
6. Azerbaijan’s Gas Production 1,2 trillion cubic meters gas
240 million tons condensate
Annual production from Stage 2
will start by the beginning of
2018 and reach more than 16
bcm at plateau
Shah Deniz Field
5 bcm
2014
2004
30 bcm
x6
7. *Main natural gas volumes come from Shahdeniz and
ACG fields
Gas from Shah Deniz field has been exported via the
SCP gas pipeline since 2006 (Azerbaijan and Georgia) and
now reaches 1.9 bcm per annum
Signed agreement to supply Turkey with 89.2 bcm of
gas from Shahdeniz over a 15-year period starting 2007
(Shahdeniz stage 1 volume)
To satisfy the gas demand of Nakhchivan AR, SOCAR
swaps 0.4 bcm natural gas with National Iranian Gas
Export Company
In 2014, 0.2 bcm of natural gas was exported to Russia
Azerbaijan Gas Exports
8. Total 16bcma Stage 2 future sales volumes were
negotiated and agreed;
BOTAS GSA was signed in 2011 for 6bcma.
For remaining 10bcma GSAs were signed with 9
European buyers in September 19, 2013; Axpo Trading
AG, Bulgargaz EAD, DEPA Public Gas Corporation of
Greece S.A., Enel Trade SpA, E.ON Global Commodities
SE, Gas Natural Aprovisionamientos SDG SA, GDF SUEZ
S.A., Hera Trading srl and Shell Energy Europe Limited
Shahdeniz Stage 2
Gas Sales
9. • Absheron Total/GdF PSA
340 bcm gas
45 mln tons of condensate
• Nakhchivan HoA RWE
• Shafag-Asiman BP PSA
• ACG Deep ACG Consortium
• Umid SOCAR
200 bcm gas
40 mln tons condensate
• Babek 400 bcm gas
80 mln tons condensate
Prospective Fields and Structures
12. Diversity and security of energy
supply for Europe
Shah Deniz
SCP
TANAP
TAP
Expansion of
Southern
Caucasus Pipeline
System (SCPx)
Trans Anatolian
Pipeline
(TANAP)
Trans Adriatic
Pipeline (TAP)
Shah Deniz 2
project
(«Upstream»)
Proposed Southern Gas Corridor Pipelines
14. The 692km South Caucasus Pipeline has been designed
to transport gas from the Shah Deniz field in the
Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea, through Georgia
and on to the Georgia-Turkey border. The SCP Project
was sanctioned on 27 February 2003.
The physical construction of SCP pipeline commenced
in 2004 and the pipeline was ready for commercial
operation in September 2006. This is a 42-inch
diameter pipeline. The SCP pipeline is capable of
carrying up to 7,4 billion cubic meters of gas annually.
South Caucasus Pipeline(SCP)
15. The expansion of the South Caucasus Pipeline is part of the
Shah Deniz Full Field Development project. The
construction has started in 2014 and is planned to be
completed by 4Q 2018.
SCPX is one of the major projects within the Shah Deniz
(SD) Stage 2 (SD2) Program. SCPX is also a component of
the Southern Gas Corridor, which will allow for the
transportation of gas from Azerbaijan, through Turkey and
into Europe.
South Caucasus Pipeline
Expansion (SPCX)
16. SCPX will expand the existing SCP system with a new
48-inch pipeline loop with the capacity to export an
additional 16bcma of gas sales to the Georgia-Turkey
border. This is to be accomplished by building a
new pipeline loop in parallel with the existing SCP. In
Georgia two new intermediate compressor stations
will be constructed.
Project Details
19. Present status of TANAP and its
potential role in the
European gas transit route
20. Gas Arrangements with Turkey
October 25, 2011
Landmark gas sales and
transportation between Azerbaijan
and Turkey
IGA on gas sales to Turkey
June 26, 2012
TANAP IGA and HGA
October 15, 2012
TANAP Shareholders Agreement
signed by SOCAR, BOTAS and
TPAO
January 2013
TANAP IGA and HGA ratified by
Azerbaijan and Turkey Parliaments
*March 2015
*Groundbreaking ceremony of TANAP
Azerbaijan EU Joint
Declaration
• Signed in January 2011 during the
visit of President Barroso to
Azerbaijan
• Framework document
• Strategic principles for the supply
of Azerbaijan and Caspian gas to
Europe
23. Energy security
Europe needs reliable suppliers
Azerbaijan has proved to be a trusted partner;
SGC appears prominently in the European Commission's
latest “Energy Security Strategy” report
TANAP constitutes an integral part of the Southern Gas
Corridor
TANAP section of SGC will bring gas from a massive
field off the coast of Azerbaijan called Shah Deniz 2 into
the heart of Europe
24. Project Details
Shareholders:
SOCAR (Azerbaijan) - 58% (operator), BOTAŞ (Turkey) -
30%, BP (UK) – 12%
Project cost: $11.8 billion USD
Total pipeline length and width:
Georgia-Turkey – 1,333km – 56”;
Turkey-Greece – 477 km – 48”;
Total length: 1,810
Connecting directly to TAP on the Turkish-Greek border
25. Project Details
Initial capacity: 16 bcm/a:
6 bcm to Turkey
10 bcm to Europe;
Potential capacity: 31 bcm/a by 2026.
Buyers: contracts with 9 European countries have already
been signed Supply Contracts Signed Axpo (Switzerland)
Hera (Italy)
Enel (Italy)
E.ON
Gas Natural (Germany)
GDF (Spain)
Shell (England/Netherlands)
Bulgargaz (Bulgaria)
DEPA (Greece)
10 bcm/a
26. Project Status
A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between
Azerbaijan and Turkey
Gas Transportation Agreement has been signed between
BOTAŞ and TANAP to transport the gas along Turkey
territories
The use of funds allocated for TANAP project has already
been started
Note: the project is 100% equity-financed
27. Project Status
A significant five year contract for the supply of
Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management
(EPCM) is awarded to WorleyParsons on May, 2014
EIA Positive Decision was taken from the competent
authority Turkish Ministry of the Environment &
Urbanization (MoEU) to be effective as of 24th of July,
2014
Land Acquisition process is ongoing
28. Project Potential
A second wave of gas from Azerbaijan can be anticipated
with several additional gas opportunities in Azerbaijan
including Shah Deniz Deep, Shafag-Asiman and ACG
Deep that are being evaluated by BP and its co-venturers.
With continued progress these projects can follow on after
Shah Deniz, and therefore provide additional gas to
Europe
Absheron field could be exporting gas in the early 2020s.
The Middle East and East Mediterranean have the
potential to supply the Southern Corridor through the
Trans-Anatolian Pipeline in the future.
29. The role of TAP in the energy
security of the Balkans
Baku 2014
30. What is TAP?
• Tap is an integral part of the Southern Gas Corridor.
• Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) is a pipeline project to
transport natural gas from the Caspian sea (Azerbaijan) to
the European buyers.
31. TAP's Key Features
Start of operation: 2019
Length – 867km (Greece - 547km,
Albania - 211km, Adriatic Sea -
104km and Italy - 5km)
Diameter: 48 inch (subsea– 36
inch)
Project cost:≈ $5 billion USD
Initial throughput capacity: 10
bcma (expandable to 20 bcma)
TANAP
TAP
The shareholders are: BP (UK) (20%), SOCAR (20%), Statoil (Norway)
(20%), Fluxys (Belgium) (19%), Enagas (Spain) (16%) and Axpo
(Switzerland) (5%)
32. TAP's Key Features (2)
Aligned with EU’s energy policy objectives
Designed to expand from 10 to 20 bcm (plus) per year
Up to 80% of physical reverse flow and potential gas storage
Connecting directly to TANAP on the Turkish-Greek border
Interconnection with various existing and proposed pipelines providing energy security in South
Eastern Europe
Providing Bulgaria with a new source of gas through IGB or Kula-Sidirokastro Interconnector
Although TAP will be initially designed to transport available volumes of Shah Deniz gas to Europe, TAP
is scalable.
33. TAP is a PCI and PECI
TAP has been designated as a Project of Common Interest (PCI) and Europe’s
Energy Community has named it a Project of Energy Community Interest (PECI).
TAP is just the beginning for the opening of the Caspian basin producing
countries into the EU, which would constitute a great step ahead in terms of
diversification and gas security supply.
TAP continues to develop the framework that will enable increased security of
supply and diversification of gas resources in the SEE region.
34. Securing Supply for SEE region
TAP will contribute to Market Integration and Diversification of Gas Supply to
South Eastern Europe
• Physical reverse flow:
up to 80 % of capacity
• Secures supply in
emergency situations
and flexibility: connects
SEE to North African and
other gas resources (i.e.
LNG in Greece and
Turkey)
• Cross-border
interconnector between
the Italian and South
East Europe
• Market development and
integration through
other planned pipelines
(IAP, WBR, IGB)
IAP: Ionic Adriatic Pipeline
IGB: Interconnector Greece-Bulgaria
WBR: Western Balkan Ring
35. Securing Supply for SEE region (2)
E.ON Ruhrgas
emergency supplies
during the Ukraine Gas
Crisis 2009
Switzerlan
d Rumania
Austria
Czech
Republic
Ital
y
German
y
Poland
Slowakia
Croatia
Hungary
Sloveni
a
Bulgaria
FYROM
Greece
Turkey
Bosnia-
Herzegovin
a
Potential additional
emergency supplies
via Reverse Flow on
TAP
Serbia
Monteneg
ro
Albani
a
TAP reverse flow significantly contributes to security of supply in
SEE region
36. Natural Gas Reserves (figures in tcm)
Source: BP World Energy Statistical Review
38. TAP will be connected to European
Network
The EC is already prioritizing support for interconnecting
pipelines to assist in the development of the gas networks in
Southern and South Eastern Europe.
Connection to Bulgaria
Connection to
Ionian Adriatic Pipeline
FYROM
Albani
a
Turke
y
Bosnia-
Herzegovi
na
Bulgari
aMonteneg
ro
Ital
y
Serbi
a
Croati
a
Austri
a
Sloveni
a
Romani
a
Hungar
y
Greece
Budapes
t
Vienn
a
Belgrad
e
Buchare
st
Sofi
a
Skopje
Zagre
b
Ljubljana
Podgoric
a
Sarajevo
Tirana
Rome
Fier
Brindisi
Ploc
e
LN
G
Thessalonik
i
Komotin
i
39. Connection to Ionian Adriatic
Pipeline TAP has entered into multiple Memorandum of Understanding and Cooperation (MoUC) with the
Ionian Adriatic Pipeline (IAP) which can be connected to TAP, so that such countries as Albania, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, can all benefit from Shah Deniz gas.
Bilateral Agreements on IAP with TAP:
• Plinacro (Croatia) Feb 2011
• BH-Gas (Bosnia-Herzegovina) April 2011
• MoE Montenegro May 2011
• METE Albania July 2011
• Plinovodi (Slovenia) Sept 2011
Cooperation goals:
• Align project schedules
• Understand technical requirements
• Identify and manage technical interfaces
• Exchange views on best practice
• Enhance regional visibility
• Gain political support within the host
governments, the EU and the region
Seven TAP-IAP Joint Working Group
meetings have been held to date
IAP throughput scenarios:
• 1 bcm to Albania
• 0.5 bcm to Montenegro
• 1 bcm to Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 2.5 bcm to Northern Croatia or 0.2 bcm to
Southern Croatia
41. Memorandum of Understanding between the Republic of Azerbaijan,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and Montenegro
relating to support for and cooperation in the realization of the Trans
Adriatic Pipeline Project and the Ionian Adriatic pipeline Project
signed in May 2013 in Tirana
The Memorandum of Understanding between the Republic of
Azerbaijan, the Republic of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the
Republic of Croatia and Montenegro relating to cooperation in
implementing the Southern gas Corridor in the South East Europe
signed in December 2013 in Baku
The Intergovernmental Memorandum of Understanding between the
Republic of Azerbaijan and Albania relating to cooperation in the
development of the Gas Master Plan of Albania
Background of mutual relations in the energy sector.
42. Emphasizing the importance of TANAP, TAP and IAP projects which are of
strategic interest for the region of the South East Europe and the European
Union;
Encouraging development of new cross-boarder transportation networks for
natural gas as well as development of national gas transportation
infrastructure in Albania to enable the gas from Azerbaijan and the Caspian
to reach new markets in the South East Europe, including Albania.
Intending to use the extensive experience of the Republic of Azerbaijan in
the field of energy in order to provide further assistance by SOCAR of
Azerbaijan and the other national public and private entities of Albania to
develop Gas master Plan of Albania which would contribute to further
enhancement of the energy security of Albania and promote prosperity and
economic stability of the country.
What does this Memorandum of Understanding envisages?
43. SOCAR in coordination with the Government of the Republic of
Albania, European Commission and Trans-Adriatic pipeline AG
jointly with other interested stakeholders will manage to fund the
feasibility study of GMPA
The feasibility study shall among other objectives explore
potential options of the GMPA, identify technical and commercial
preconditions for the development of domestic gas master plan,
including a detailed roadmap to the downstream infrastructure,
natural gas transportation and distribution networks and the
associated infrastructure including but not limited to gas storage,
LNG terminals and power generating facilities in Albania.
Roadmap of actions
45. Presentation: Environmental services for the oil
and gas industry
Giannis Karakolis, North Greece Director, POLYECO S.A.
Simon Geragthy, Drilling Waste Management Expert,
POLYECO S.A.
47. • The group was founded by Ioannis
Polychronopoulos in 1977 with the
establishment of EPE S.A. the first company in
Greece offering Industrial & Marine Pollution
Control Services.
• Today, after 35 years of continuous
development, the Group has incorporated
numerous companies, having activities in
several countries worldwide.
• Polyeco was founded in 2001 and is the only
fully licensed waste management and
valorization industry in Greece.
THE GROUP
48. • Managed >300.000 tn of HW
• Recovery of >200.000 tn HW
• Accredited Laboratory
• Main facilities in Attica 35.000 m3
• Storage facilities in Thessaloniki
49. We take care of the environment on your behalf…
POLYECO Affiliates
Polyeco is already actively present to the Balkans area
In Albania, is the only licensed transporter and exporter of
Hazardous waste
Polyeco is active too in Serbia, Kossovo, and FYROM
POLYECO ALBANIA SH.P.K.
POLYECO D.O.O. - SERBIA
POLYECO BALKANS D.O.OEL. – FYROM
POLYECO GULF LLC (FOUNDED IN 2015 IN MUSCAT)
50. • Quality
POLYECO IS COMMITED TO:
Quality Management System certified as per EN ISO 9001:2008.
Environmental Management System verified according to EMAS III (European
Regulation 1221/2009).
Occupational Health and Safety Management System certified as per BS OHSAS
18001:2007.
Quality Control Laboratory accredited under the terms of ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
Security Management System for the supply chain certified as per BS EN ISO 28000.
• Innovation
Expertise
Use of the most advances and effective new technologies
Clear vision of future developments
• Customization
We offer customized solutions according to customer needs
• Social Responsibility
Respect and protection of the environment and local ethics.We take care of the environment on your behalf…
OUR PHILOSOPHY
51. 35 Years of continuous Research, Development and Innovation
The oldest and largest company in the field of Environmental
Protection in the South East Europe occupying:
>250 highly qualified personnel
>50 specialized scientific personnel
Member of National, European and International organizations
(EBRA, IMO, Eucopro, ISWA, Intertanko, IHPA, Euroshore)
Cooperation with International Organizations as World Bank, EBRD, UNDP,
UNPD, UNIDO, EMSA
OVERVIEW
53. Hazardous waste management (drilling cuttings)
Oil spill response services
Soil remediation services
Sludge treatment services
Special environmental studies – Contingency plans
Primary wastes from seismic operations
Waste from exploratory drilling operations
Other wastes including excess drilling chemicals
Primary wastes from construction & maintenance activities
Wastes from development, production and operation
Wastes from decommissioning and reclamation
MAIN SERVICES PROVIDED
54. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Type of hazardous waste for
management:
• Transformers, capacitors and other
equipment contaminated with PCB’s
• Petroleum remains, out of
specifications fuel, greases
• Sludge from fuel tank cleaning
• Emulsions, mixtures of oil-waste non
recyclable
• Laboratory waste
• Expired or out of specifications final
products and raw materials
• Contaminated packaging materials
• Radioactive waste
• WEEE, accumulators, batteries and
fluorescent lamps
55. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste streams within the scope of
MARPOL (indicative list):
• Bilge Oils
• Solids from grit chambers and
oil/water separators
• Sludges from oil/water separators
• Mixtures of wastes from grit
chambers and oil/water separators
• Desalter sludges or emulsions
• Waste from transport tanks, storage
tanks and barrels cleaning
56. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
Land remediation services:
• Pump and treat
• Stabilization and solidification
• Land farming
• In-situ and ex-situ
bioremediation
• Excavation
• Chemical treatment – Oxidation
/ Reduction
• Air sparging
57. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
• Environmental rehabilitation of industrial
sites
• Asbestos management
• Decontamination of transformers and
other electrical equipment contaminated
with PCB’s
• Tank cleaning and sludge treatment
services
58. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
Tank cleaning and sludge treatment:
• We have modern and specialized
equipment for pumping, homogenizing
and separating sludge from tanks.
• We offer integrated management of the oil
sludge by means of centrifugal separation.
• We own containerized mobile units of
centrifugal separation and sludge
processing.
• We own special tanker trucks under ADR
specifications equipped with high vacuum
pumps collect waste.
59. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
Oil and sludge on-site treatment:
• Oil in the surface of an oil pond can be
recovered in a percentage of 90 to 99%.
• Oily sludge can be recovered in a percentage
of 50 to 90% recovered as oil.
• Oil can be pumped from ponds using floating
pumps (skimmers) in order to avoid the
contamination of clean oil by water or other
materials.
60. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
Oil and sludge on-site treatment:
• Sludge is pumped out of the ponds using
progressive cavity pumps or submersible pumps
• The pumps are hydraulic oil driven by power
packs in order to avoid the danger of electrical
spark
• If it is needed, the sludge is preheated by
portable heaters to reduce its viscosity
• The sludge is transferred into an intermediate
tank equipped with mixing devices and internal
heating coils for better homogenization. If
necessary, the sludge is heated again in order to
reach the optimal temperature for decanting
(centrifugation treatment).
61. REHABILITATION AND
DECONTAMINATION SERVICES
Oil and sludge on-site treatment:
• All pumps are hydraulic oil driven to avoid the
danger of electrical spark
• Sludge may be preheated to reduce its viscosity
• Sludge is transferred into an intermediate mixing
and heating tank for better homogenization.
• A macerator and a feeding pump transfer the
sludge to decanter where centrifugal separation
takes place.
62. Polyeco holds a unique experience in the management of
radioactive materials. The services include:
• Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
contaminated soil.
• Management of scrap metal with increased radioactivity levels.
• Management of industrial radioactive sealed sources (level / density
meters etc.).
• Management of radioactive smoke detectors and lightning rods.
• Management of radioactive sealed sources from analyzers (XRF
analyzers, sulphur analyzers, etc.).
• Management of high activity sealed sources used for therapeutic
uses (teletherapy sources, brachytherapy sources etc.).
MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE
MATERIALS
63. Oil Spill Response Vessels
Tanker Vessel AKTEA OSRV
Multi Role Vessel AEGIS Ι
Oil Spill Response Services19
64. AKTEA OSRV
EPE with AKTEA through a successful competition in
a European Tender, undertook the contract by the
European Maritime Safety Agency for the protection of
Eastern Mediterranean, Aegean Sea until the Sea of
Cyprus, from big scale oil spill pollution incidents.
Oil Spill Response Services20
66. POLYECO has executed a wide range of international hazardous
waste management projects . Indicatively :
Kazakhstan: Two projects for the management of PCB oils and the management of PCB capacitors (United
Nations Development Program Kazakhstan).
Kosovo: Energy Sector Clean-up and Land Remediation Project. Waste removal and on-site treatment of waste
of the former KEK gasification plant (World Bank funded project).
Mauritius: Two projects, for the sustainable management of POPs waste (PCBs and DDT) and the
management of DDT contaminated soil (United Nations Development Program Mauritius).
Ethiopia: Disposal and safeguarding of obsolete pesticides and other associated hazardous chemicals (Ministry
of Agriculture, World Bank funded project).
Benin: Safeguarding and disposal of obsolete pesticides in Benin (Food and Agriculture Organization).
Georgia: Management of dumped POPs pesticides (United Nations Development Program Georgia).
Serbia: Disposal of napalm powder (United Nations Development Program Serbia)
Albania: Repackaging of hazardous chemical stockpiles of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Albania
(Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe).
Mongolia & FYROM: On site decontamination technology for PCB contaminated oils (United Nations Industrial
Development Organization/Sea Marconi).
Greece: Rehabilitation and decontamination of CHYMA S.A. chemical storage facilities after an explosion
accident.
Energean oil and Gas: Sampling, identification, collection packaging, transportation, temporary storage,
management and final disposal of oil based drill cuttings (1.450 tons).
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
We take care of the environment on your behalf…
67. Drill cuttings collection, transportation and disposal
Onshore & Offshore competency
Compliance to the Albanian Legislation
Preparing our Certification for ISO 29001
Compliance to the Greek Legislation
Preparing our Certification for ISO 29001
DRILL CUTTINGS MANAGEMENT
68. Drill Cuttings Services
Collection – transportation – storage – disposal
Offshore or Onshore provision of services
Sea or land or combined transportation
Waste disposal through POLYECO SA GREECE
facilities
Certified
Containers
BS EN 12079
DNV 2.7-1
69. KEY ISSUES
• ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
• WASTE MINIMIZATION
• SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON DRILLING AFE
Case Study :
A GLOBAL MODEL FOR CUTTINGS WASTE
MANAGEMENT FOR ALBANIA
71. FLOODED CUTTINGS PITS GENERATE EXTRA COSTS
• Concerns about containment - /overflow, spillage; damage
to the environment
• Mud spillages – “mud lost” has significant cost impact on
drilling budget adding to the cost of “mud built” to replace
spillage volumes.
• Public perception – local population concerns about
potential damage to agriculture/fishing and contamination
of the domestic water supply/ water-table/ fresh water
reservoirs
• Escalating waste-water treatment & disposal costs.
• Escalating cuttings treatment/ transport & disposal costs.
72. CORRECT EQUIPMENT SELECTION (for borehole
instability, sloughing shales, over-pressured shales,
tectonically-stressed shales
• Poor scalping shaker operations (sacking over
screens)
• Wrong screens – too fine for scalping operations.
• Badly degraded screens on linear motion main
shakers
• Screen cleaning not being maintained.
• Correct procedures should be posted in the shaker
house.
73. EXCESS FLUID DISCHARGE PROPER DISCHARGE
• Poor Solids Control Supervision
• Need strict shaker operations procedures (No whole mud
to be discharged from the shakers)
• Screens should be maintained in prime operating
conditions (high pressure/ low volume wash-down guns)
• Mud spill to be vacuumed up and returned to the active
system
74. • Correct Drilling Waste Management on location is essential to
reduce excess cuttings waste being generated.
• Extra equipment, manpower and time for reprocessing
cuttings waste
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON DRILLING BUDGET
75. COST OF CUTTINGS TREATMENT PROCESSES, eg.
• Thermal systems
• Hammer mill systems
• Fixation processes
• Land Farming
• Bioremediation
Are significantly impacted by poor waste management on
location which can actually double or treble the waste
treatment volumes.
POLYECO SERVICES ARE COMMITTED TO
CUTTINGS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
TO MINIMISE WASTE STREAMS AND THEREBY
REDUCING TOTAL DRILLING COSTS FOR THE
OPERATOR
76. We take care of the environment on your behalf…
Thank you for your attention.
For more information please visit our website:
www.polyeco.gr
77. Presentation: Concessions and the legal
framework in Energy
Etleva Kondi, Director of Concessions,
Procurement and Privatisation,
Ministry of Energy and Industry
78.
79. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The Law no. 7973, dated 26.07.1995 “On
Concessions and private sector
participation in public services and
infrastructure”, changed.
The Law no.8527, dated 09.23.1999 “On
the privatization of local hydropower
plants”
80. The privatization of hydro power plants
with a capacity below 2 MW - 2001-2004
o Through concession contracts, 30
hydropower plants, with total capacity
of 20 MW.
o Through the privatization process by
auction, 15 hydropower plants, with total
capacity 1.5 MW.
81. Concession contracts realized
during the years 2005 – 2014:
o 173 signed concession contracts
for the construction of HPP 501
with total generation capacity of
about 2,200 MW and forecast
investment about 3 billion Euros.
82. The status of implementation of concessionary
contracts:
New hydropower plants in production, 83 plants,
(including and the existing small local hydropower
plants below 2 MW, awarded with “ROT”
concessions until the year 2004), with capacity 190
MW;
o New hydropower plants under construction, 38
plants, (including HPP Kalivaç and Devoll), with
capacity 511 MW (HPP Kalivaç - 100 MW and HPP
Devoll - 319 MW);
o New HPP, to whom has just begun the
construction, 380 plants, with capacity up to 1387
MW.
83. New Hydropower generation projects:
o Vjosa river cascade (except HPP
Kalivaç), other 7 HPP, with total capacity
around 400 MW.
o Skavica HPP, on Drin river, with total
capacity around 300 – 350 MW.
84. The support of the investments in
electricity generation sector.
o The approach of financial market on the
support of the investors and to the
capital market.
o Strengthening of the Regulatory
Authority activity on monitoring an
increasingly more liberalized electricity
market to the local and regional level.
85. o Perfecting of the electricity market
model, in accordance with the level of
liberalization.
o Consolidation of institutions which
monitor concession contracts.
o Consolidation of public and private
institutions that administer the intellectual
and industrial property rights on energy
sectors.
86. Faleminderit
Thank you
Etleva Kondi
Drejtore
Drejtoria e Konçesioneve, Prokurimeve, Shpronësimeve dhe Privatizimit
MINISTRIA E ENERGJISË DHE INDUSTRISË
Adresa: Blvd Dëshmoret e Kombit, 1001 , Tiranë-Shqipëri
Tel: +35542222245
Website: www.energjia.gov.al
89. Strengthening Integration of the
Energy Community and Investment
Opportunities Offered for Albania
Adv. Lorenc Gordani, PhD
Professor of the European Union Law and
Project Director of ACERC
Albania Oil, Gas & Energy 2015 Summit 17-
18 March 2015 | Sheraton Tirana Hotel,
Tirana, Albania
90. Investment Opportunities Offered
by the Strengthening Integration of
EnC
T h e m a i n b u l l e t p o i n t s :
(i) Dimension of liberalization among the
priorities towards an Energy Union;
(ii) Possibilities of the investments and
reforms offered by Pan-European
prospective;
(iii) Creating an effective IEM, improve of the
dispute resolution and the investment
climate.
91. Energy Markets Liberalization on the
Western Balkans
Ten years ago: Energy Community an
international treaty to create a single pan-
European energy market.
During the years, several revised: lastly, on 6 Oct.
2011, the MC adopted Third Energy Package with
deadline by 1st January 2015.
Today: Six countries of the WBs involved in
an reformation within EU principles (Serbia
accomplished December 2014, most others
by mid-2015).
92. Energy Community as an Essential Part of
Energy Union
EC Strategy for Energy
Union, 25 Feb 2015:
reaffirms effective
implementation of the
EU's acquis, and
incentivizing investments
in the energy sector.
EC Political Guidelines
on European Energy
Union: an important
element on
strengthening the
Energy Community
93. Triumph of the Pan-European Dimension
Affords reinforced by the recent events in the
East borders of the EU:
- no security of gas supply
without Ukraine (the last add
CPs)
- impossible future of EU
without WBs (unique route of
SGC)
Energy Union goal: EU Energy Council on 5
March and European Council scheduled for 19-
20 March.
Energy Community: upgrading based on the
report of the High Level Reflection Group.
94. Adaptation of the list of 35 Projects of
Energy Community Interest
In following, on the annual Ministerial Council of 24 Oct
2013 – just two weeks after of published on 14 October
2013 of the Projects of common interest (PCIs) – was
adopt a list of 35 Projects of Energy Community Interest
(PECIs).
Fourteen electricity generation: implied over 5000
megawatts of new capacity to be installed;
Nine electricity infrastructure: over 1600 km of
electricity lines;
Ten gas infrastructure: 2500 km of gas pipelines;
And two oil infrastructure projects: over 600 km of oil
pipes.
95. PECI Infrastructure Progress Monitoring
Nr PCs Project
ID / TA
WBIF
Commissio
ning Year
PECI Electricity Generation Progress Monitoring Completed
Ongoing
Investment
Idea
Still in
paper
Inv. decision
taken
In
construction
No progress
01 AL EG038 2015 Hydro Power Plant Skavica Conceptual
02 AL EG001 2015–2020 Wind Park Dajc-Velipoje E-I assessment
ACERC elaboration data ECS Sept. 2014 regard the Western Balkans
Nr PCs Project
ID /
TA
WBIF
Commis
sioning
Year
PECI Electricity Infrastructure Progress Monitoring Completed
Ongoing
Investment
Idea
Still in
paper
Inv. decision
taken
In
construction No progress
01 AL - FYR of
MK
ET001
€
2018 4OO kV OHL SS Bitola (FYR of MK) - SS Elbasan
(AL)
Investment
decision
03 IT-AL ET024 2014 400 kV HVDC SS Vlora - Bari West Conceptual
04 Kosovo* -
AL
ET014
€
2016 400 kV OHL Tirana (AL) - Pristina (Kosovo*) Construction
Nr PCs Project
ID /
Fund
Commiss
ioning
Year
PECI Gas Infrastructure Progress Monitoring Completed
Ongoing
Investment
Idea
Still in
paper
Inv. decision
taken
In
construction No progress
01 AL-ME-
HR-BiH
G008 € 2020 Ionian Adriatic Pipeline (IAP) E-I assessment
02 GR-AL-IT G022 € 2019 Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) Inv. decision
03 AL G002 2017 EAGLE LNG Terminal E-I assessment
96. Investment Requires in the Projects of
Energy Community Interest (PECIs)*.The studies concludes:
“while the difficult
economic climate affects
investment flows, the
major concern relate to
the overall investment
climate rather than
availability of finance per
se”.
97. Timeframe of the Propose Reform “An
Energy Community for the Future”
High Level Reflection Group (HLRG) headed by
Professor Jerzy Buzek published its final report “An
Energy Community for the Future” on 11 Jun 2014.
The 12th MC enact procedural act 23 Sept 2014 for the
establishing a roadmap to steer the work on the
reform proposals to be submitted on the MC of Sept.
2015.
98. Analytical Paper Identifying Options into
Thematic Sections
Proposals still not to be consider in binding level &
without prejudice to the future reform of the Energy
Community.
The Introducing more Flexibility in the Acquis
The Pan-European Single Energy Market
The Expanding the Scope of the Acquis in the
Environmental Area
The Opening and Protecting Energy Markets
The Better Enforcement and Dispute Settlement
The Improving the Investment Climate
The Enlarging the Energy Community
The Regulatory Cooperation
The Reforming Current Energy Community Institutions
99. Opening and Protecting Energy Markets
II. Introducing Rules on
Public Procurement:
Broaden the scope by
including Directives
2004/17/EC and
2004/18/EC
I. Enhancing the
Effectiveness of
Competition Law
Enforcement: Procedural
rules to competition and
State aid & ECS executive
and investigative powers
100. A Pan-European Single Energy Market
III. Interconnectors
between EU MSs and
CPs: Consider
regardless of whether
they are between MSs
& CPs
I. Activating of the Title IV:
Revise EU’s Decision
2006/500/EC
II. Gas Demand Aggregation: Allowing an entity for
demand aggregation on the imported energy, to
improve negotiation and constitute a credit-worthy
shipper to support implementation of critical
infrastructure.
101. Better Enforcement & Dispute Settlement
II. Strengthening the
framework for enforcement
and dispute settlement:
including the creation of a
regional court of justice
versus using arbitration
tribunals
I. Encouraging Private
Enforcement: private
enforcement of the Treaty
before national courts
III. Conditionality of Financial Assistance:
A mandatory (non-binding) opinion of ECS
should be introduced by donors in their
procedures
102. Improving the Investment Climate
IV. Establish of
Complementary Projects:
Which could be credit-
enhanced through the ECREF
II. Investments-Friendly Area:
Reducing risks on energy
trade
I. Increase and Managing of Available Funding:
More funding in bilateral and multilateral
support, as well as from IFIs
III. An Energy Community Risk Enhancement
Facility: address breach of contract, retroactive
measures, discriminatory taxation, payment
default by public entities, etc
103. Implementation Approach of the Reform
“An Energy Community for the Future”
On the 26 March the 36Th Permanent High Level Group
- PHLG is going to discuss the results.
The MC would adopt measures at its meeting in 2015.
104. Thank you for your
attention!
Contact Details:
Adv. Lorenc Gordani, PhD
Project Director of ACERC
Cell: +355 69 95 32 443
Skype: lorenc_Gordani
www.albaniaenergy.org
105.
106. Presentation: The refining sector of Albania
Christophe Darbord, Chief Executive Officer,
Armo Refinery
107. The Refining Sector of Albania
ALBANIA
Oil, GAS & ENERGY
2015 SUMMIT
March 18, 2015
108. The refining sector of Albania
1. What is the refining capacity of Albania as of today and the
on-going modernization?
2. Discussing new ideas on developing the refining sector by
expanding the current refining infrastructure.
3. Global dynamics in mid-distillates in Europe.
109. Current Refining Capacity of Albania
AMRO operates the 2 refineries
Ballsh Refinery
• Built in 1978
• Largest refinery in Albania
• Capacity around 20,000 bpd
• Albanian and International
crude feed
Fier Refinery
• Built in 1968
• One atmospheric crude
column and a mild vacuum
column
• Capacity around 10,000 bpd
• Albanian crude feed
110. Current Refining Capacity of Albania
Products
• Virgin Naphtha
• Gasoline (to start later this year)
• ULSD <10 ppm
• Gasoil <100 ppm
• Fuel oils
• Petroleum Coke
• Sulfur
• Bitumen
• Diluents
• ARMO produces some qualities which are
not widely produced in the regional
refineries such as Bitumen, which is
produced in only 12/24 of the refineries,
Petcoke, in only 6/24 of the refineries or
Virgin naphtha, in only 5/24 of the
refineries.
111. On-going Modernization of Refineries
1. Continue the
renovation and restart
of units
2. Improve yields and
focus on quality
3. Reduce losses
4. Use natural gas feeding
5. Improve Safety and
Environment protection
112. Regional assets but connected
• Local but connected to international
arbitrages and competition
– Not sea-asset but still needs more
flexibility/options to compete with
large refineries or trading refinery
units
– Quality to follow European standards
• Infrastructure (x10 savings !!!)
– Inland from trucking to railing to
pipes
– Ports: to compete within the
Mediterranean: better draft, better
loading rate, larger tanks, improve
costs and transparency
Developing the refining sector
113. • With Crude oil
Producers
• With Gas
Producers
Developing the refining sector
A Partnerships Approach
Quality testing, Reference, Long-term Off-take, Gradual
growth, Flexibility (quality, storage, volume)
Vlore terminal
Long-term Contracts for Refining & Power Generation
Development pipes
114. • With Oil Distributors
• With End-buyers
• With Logistics
• With Authorities
Quality, Brand, Homogeneous and Constant, Respectful
of Environment and People
Quality and Competitive Price to promote local industry
Co-investment, Long-term commitment for lower
pricing
Security of Supply, Investment in Infrastructures,
Responsible company for People, Environment and
Economy
Developing the refining sector
A Partnerships Approach
128. Large Refining Capacity expansion East of Suez
(kbpd)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Saudi Jubail End
2013
China Sichuan
beg. 2014
China Quanzhou
mid 2014
Saudi Yanbu end
2014
UAE Ruwais end
2014
India Paradip
beg. 2015
131. Global Petroleum dynamics
Confirm a role and opportunities
to Refineries in Albania
But increasing competition forces
modernization and better
infrastructures
132. Street “Papa Gjon Pali II”
ABA Business Center, 8 Floor
Tirana,Albania
Thank you for your attention
133. Presentation: What is the energy investment
outlook in Albania for 2020?
Entela Çipa, Advisor to the
Minister of Energy and Industry
134. ALBANIA OIL, GAS & ENERGY
2015 SUMMIT
What is the energy investment outlook
in Albania for 2020
17 -18 March 2015
135. OBJECTIVES OF THE ALBANIAN
ENERGY STRATEGY 2015-2030
The main elements of national energy strategy helped
to identify the investment needs in energy infrastructure
and where actions can lead to cost-efficient solutions.
The demand scenario analysis showed how the future
energy consumption of Albania may develop and
what are the estimated costs of covering (or not
covering) this demand.
Providing secure and sustainable energy supply to
customers delivering uninterrupted energy, at
affordable prices while taking into account
environmental concerns.
136. OBJECTIVES OF THE ENERGY
STRATEGY 2015-2030
Create a legal and regulatory framework for the energy
markets and to allow trading energy across their borders.
Attracting investments in energy in order to meet the
increasing demand and to improve security of supply,
energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources.
Improving energy security implies, among others, to
promote diversity, efficiency and flexibility within the energy
sectors, to be prepared to respond to energy related
emergencies.
137. Attracting investments in energy
Actions taken to meet the energy strategy objectives
Actions in relation to price regulation and network tariffs and
removal of regulatory barriers, in order to achieve the objective
for attracting investments.
Introduce common capacity allocation mechanism
(coordinated auctions), establish one or more power exchanges
and implement price based market coupling.
Actions related to energy infrastructure shall ensure that there is
less chance of a ‘supply gap’ between energy demand and
supply, based on forecasts of demand and supply.
Interconnection plans are driven by the same needs that
includes connecting new generation, integrating energy markets
and new renewable energy in the grid, enhancing the security of
supply, and improving the reliability and quality of energy
services provided. Cross border interconnections capacities
have been identified already as priorities:
138. Actions related to energy efficiency
and renewable energy
The most important action is to set and achieve a energy savings target.
Increase efficient use of energy final energy consumption, through
National Energy Efficiency Action Plans.
One of the key actions is to establish a target for renewable energy at
the national level.
Increase renewable energy share of gross final energy consumption in
line with the methodology
Allow priority access or guaranteed access to the grid for renewable
energy (RE).
Adopt and implement National Renewable Energy Action Plans.
Simplify and accelerate the authorization procedures for RE plants and
grid connections.
139. NEW POWER SECTOR LAW
Main objectives
Creation of a legal framework that will secure e reliable and
continuous supply of power to its customers;
Creating a functional and competitive power market;
Minimizing the costs of suppy;
Protection and compliance with the environment;
Protection of vulnerable customers;
Ensuring the development of a transmission and distribution
network in compliance with the development plans.
140. Facilitating authorizing procedurs for new generating
capacities;
Opening the market, allowing the customers to freely
choose their supplier;
Guaranteeing all households and small non-households
the access to Universal Supply Service;
Fostering the role of the Regulator toward monitoring
and action-taking in cases when threatened the
priniciple of transparency and non-discrimination;
Promote competition, by charging the Regulator with
the role of preparing methodologies and tariffs that
cover costs.
NEW POWER SECTOR LAW
Main objectives
141. Role and functions of TSO
Unbundling of Transmission System Operator including ownership
unbundling.
Certification of TSO befor issuing the new license from ERE.
10 year network development plan prepared by TSO and
approved by ERE.
Procurement of power for losses in transmission network,
balancingf and ancillary services based on competitive market
procedures.
Congestion managment and alocation of interconnection
capacities based on market based procedurs, ensuring proper
economic signals for alla network users.
TSO authorized to cooperate with neighboring TSOs for allocation
of interconnection capacities, including the creation of inter
transmission compensatin mechanism.
142. Role and functions of DSO
Unbundling of the function of distribution from the supply.
Preparation of a 5 years development plan for the
distribution network, to be approved by ERE.
New concept on closed distribution network, allowing
operation of a distribution network mainly used for
providing distribution service to a limited area on which is
located a production or services line and its facilities, not
bound to regulated conditions by ERE.
Preparation of distribution network development plans in
compliance with the transmission network development
plan.
143. TSO and DSO – responsible for the function of metering in
their network.
Draft Law provides for outsourcing of this service to a third
party.
Verification of meters from a third independent party,
authorized by General Directorate of Metrology.
Preparation of a roll - out for the implementation of a 10
year program on smart metering system.
Metering
144. Definition of the Universal Service to be offered under
specific conditions to the customers connected in low
voltage 0.4 kV.
Definition of Supplier of Last Resort service for the
costumer that lost their supplier.
Specific provisions for the execution of electricity bills ,
and enforce the lien binding for not executing payments.
Special provisions for consumer protection , including
special conditions for the protection of vulnerable
customers.
Supply
145. Within 31 December 2018 a organized market of
electricity will be created.
The role of Market Operator will be strengthened.
Customers connected to the level of 35 kV voltage are
obliged to be supplied into the liberalized market no later
than December 31, 2015;
Customers connected to 20 kV voltage, no later than
December 31, 2016;
Whereas customers connected to the 10 kV and 6 kV
voltages no later than December 31, 2017.
Costumers connected to 0.4 kV will provide energy for
their needs from the Universal Supplier.
Market Provision
146. ACTION RELATED TO
PROTECTION OF CUSTOMERS
Phase out price regulation for large customers in line with the
Treaty.
It is important to ensure that vulnerable customers are protected.
In this regard, we have defined clearly in the law the definition of
vulnerable energy customers subject to special protection and
support.
Moreover, we have improved targeted national programs to
support vulnerable costumers should be implemented, as well as
programs to increase energy efficiency and greater use of
renewable energy in households.
Create a clear and transparent regulatory framework, set
standards for quality of services, handling consumer complaints,
and provide clear guidelines for changing energy supplier.
147. Long-Term Challenges
• Demand for energy to ensure economic and social
development.
• What are the best practices to cover demand on a least
coast principle.
• How to achieve short term increase of energy efficiency,
in compliance with country's obligations deriving from EU
directives.
• How to increase the use RES and maintain an
economically viable approach to consumers.
• How to address cost reflective development of tariffs, to
sustain private/public investment, and ensure customer
protection
• How to effectively and efficiently support the vulnerable
group.
148. Integrated Energy Management
• Diversification of energy sources by further developing
the gas market and its application from different sectors.
• Connection with Regional gas lines, TAP and IAP.
• Supporting new projects on national gas reserves, in the
frame of hydrocarbon agreements (declared discovery
from SHELL and Petromanas on the results of Shpiragu-2
perforation).
• Gasification Masterplan for Albania (MEI has secure
financing in the frame of WBIF).
• Investing on new generating units of electricity through
Gas TPP, initially Vlorë TPP for existing capacity of 97 MW,
and further expanding its capacity, or construction
/reconstruction of new/existing TPPs, such as Fier TPP.
149. ACTUAL PROJECTS IN
GENERATION
Dams Safety Project
Under implementation the component Rehabilitation of the
Electromechanical Part of HEC Koman;
Rehabilitation of Bjefit of the HEC Koman.
Project for construction of HPP on the Devolli river
Construction of hydropower of Moglicë, 178.2 MW, 445 GWh /
year
Construction of hydropower of Kokel, 35,2 MW, 92GWh / year
Construction of hydropower of Banje, 64,8MW, 252GWh / year
Total production 278.2 MW 789 GWh / year - Total Investment of
about 940 million euros.
150. ACTUAL PROJECTS IN
TRANSMISSION
Construction 110 kV line Babice - Sarande (part of the South
corridor)
Construction of 110 kV Line Babice - Sarande
Construction of two substations Orikumi and Himara
Financed by KfW Construction of 110 kV Line Korce - Erseke -
Permet Tepelene - Memaliaj ( part of the South Corridor)
Construction of 110 kV line Ersekë - Permet - Tepelene -
Memaliaj Financed by KfW.
151. ACTUAL PROJECTS IN
INTERCONNECTORS
The Project for the construction of 400 kV Line Tirana2 - Pristina A
Total length of 242 km. Length in the Albanian part 155.5 km of
which: 80.5 km completion of the second part Tirana - V. Dejes ( in a
400 kV line - Podgorica ) 75 km new line with a circuit V.Dejes –
Border (Morina )
Investment: About 34.3 million EUR loan for the Albanian part
financing by KfW ( 42 million Euro ).
Contracts :
Lot 1- Albanian part of the line 28.9 million ; contractor Energoinvest.
Lot 2 - Works in Sub /station; Albanian Part 5.4 million Euro.
Duration : 30 months from the delivery of the first installment.
Approximately around the end of 2016.
152. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
GENERATION
The project for the construction of hydroelectric
stations on the Black Drini River ( HPP Skavica );
Hydropower Skavica New Village.
The project for the construction of hydroelectric
stations on the Vjosa river.
It is envisaged the construction of about 9 hydropower.
Installed capacity about 350 MW, average annual
energy produced 1,500 GWh with investment value
around 1 Billion Euro.
153. POTENCIAL PROJECTS
TRANSMISSION
The project for construction of 220 kV Transmission
Line Tirana 2 - Rrashbull and the Substation of
Rogozhina.
The project for the construction of 220 kV line
Elbasan, Fier and substation Kucova Ring.
The project for the construction of 110 kV substation
Tirana and Tirana 3.
154. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
TRANSMISSION
In the Albanian part of the transmission network are
identified two suitable points for connecting
underwater cable with Italy.
Porto Romano area about 250 km length , the value of
investing about 530 Mln Euro
Vlora area about 135 km length , the value of investing
about 380 Mln Euro.
155. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
INTERCONNECTORS
The project for the construction of 110 kV interconnection line
Kukes – Prizeren:
length for the Albanian part ( Kukes - Morine ) is about 11 km;
increase the security of Albania and Kosova system . This affects to
some extent in the regional security system interconnection.
realized a reduction of operating costs of systems of both
countries.
allows a better Dispatching generation of both countries,
helps optimize short - term and medium - term hydrological
resources in Albania and Kosovo.
156. The project for the construction of 400 kV interconnection
line Albania – Macedonia:
Increases security of electricity supply in our country and
improves electricity flows in the region, reduce electricity losses
in high voltage lines.
The value of the investment in the Albanian part is estimated
about 43 million Euro.
With the construction of this line ends connection of Albania
with 400 kV lines to neighboring border.
POTENTIAL PROJECTS
INTERCONNECTORS
157. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
INTERCONNECTORS
The project for the construction of 500 kV line interconnection
Albania – Italy. Advantages :
favorable geographic position, the distance between the
transmission networks in both countries is short.
the possibility of transit through the Albania transmission network
from Balkan countries toward Italy. Albania's transmission
network is already connected with the regional network and
exchanges between Italy and the Balkan region can be realized
without any restriction from the Albania network.
construction of new generation capacities mainly from
renewable sources in Albania, will create substantial surplus and
exporting towards Italy.
the possibility of preserving the balance of exchange from a
joint operation of hydropower to generate uncontrolled power
from wind and solar power, creating the possibility of an optimal
utilization of the line, charging it for its maximum capacity at any
time.
158. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
Distribution
Investments in enhancing electricity production and
transmission capacities necessarily require investments in
improving and strengthening the distribution grid of electrical
energy, so that all investments go towards improving the
quality and security of electricity supply for customers.
Given the abuses that have been made with electricity, it is
imperative to intervene in the metering system as well.
Investments in the distribution of electricity include interventions
in the distributions system of substations, in the medium voltage
grid, in the TM/TU cabins, as well as in the low voltage grid.
To realize these investments, 150 million $ have been provided
from the World Bank, of which 93 million will be used for the
distribution system and 30 million for the installation of meters in
the distribution system of substations.
159. POTENTIAL PROJECTS
SMART METERS
The implementation of SMART meters is subject to a preliminary
economic assessment which should take into account all long term
costs and benefits of clients and the market, the type of SMART
meters need to be the most economically effective, as well as the
proper time to implement this metering system.
The economic assessment will be prepared within 1 year from the
date of entry of this law. Based on this assessment, the Ministry
develops a SMART meters implementation timetable for a 10 year
period.
ERE will ensure the inter-operability of the different metering systems
which will be implemented in all over the country, paying proper
importance to the use of appropriate standards as well as the
development of the internal power market.
160. Projects of Energy Community
Interest
The projects were grouped into four categories:
Electricity Infrastructure Projects
Electricity Generation Projects
Gas Infrastructure Projects
Oil Infrastructure Projects
Electricity Generation :
Hydro Power Plant Skavica
Wind Park Dajc-VelipojeAlbania
Electricity Infrastructure :
AL - FYR of MK 400 kV OHL SS Bitola (FYR of MK) – SS Elbasan (AL).
Gas Infrastructure :
AL-ME-HR-BiH Ionian Adriatic Pipeline (IAP)
162. Presentation: Extractive Industry Transparency
Initiative - EITI in Albania
Dorina Çinari, Director, Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative (EITI) Albania
163. Albania Oil, Gas & Energy 2015 Summit
Tirana March 17-18 , 2015
THE
UNDERGROUND
Transparency on
Shared Wealth
164. What is the ?
The Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global
coalition in which governments, companies
and civil society work together for
transparency and accountable management of
revenues from natural resources.
165. EITI principle:
A country’s natural resources belong to its citizens!
Wealth from natural resources can lead to economic
growth and social development in a country. Not disclosing
information about this wealth can increase the risk of
distrust, weak governance and conflict. Openness about
how a country manages its natural resources is necessary
to ensure that the resources benefit all citizens.
166. Through implementing the global EITI
transparency standard, countries ensure more
transparency of revenues from its oil, gas and
mineral resources
Many countries suffer the "resource curse“,
the paradox that countries with abundant
oil, gas and mineral resources are
economically poorer than countries with
fewer of these resources.
167. • The is a global standard for the
governance of a country’s oil, gas and mineral
resources. The standard is implemented by
governments, in collaboration with companies
and civil society.
• Countries implementing the EITI disclose
information on tax payments, licences,
contracts, production and other key
elements around resource extraction.
168. 48 countries now implement the EITI
Standard around the world. USA, UK &
Germany have joined the initiative late
2014
170. Supporters
• Over 90 major companies involved in oil, gas
and mining are committed to supporting the
EITI, through operations in implementing countries, international-level
commitments and industry associations. The EITI has won the support of
over 90 global investment institutions that collectively manage over US
$19 trillion.
• A broad coalition of governments, civil
society and international organisations
supports the EITI, including 400 NGOs, World Bank,
International Monetary Fund, International Council on Mining and Metals
and the regional development banks. These organisations provide
technical and financial support to implementing countries, and support
EITI outreach.
175. A transparent and open government enhances citizens’ trust.
By adopting an internationally recognized transparency standard,
governments perform in an improved investment climate by providing a clear
signal to investors and international financial institutions that the government is
committed to greater transparency, commitment to reform and anti-
corruption in a volatile sector.
Implementing the EITI Standard improves government systems and can lead
to improved tax collection and budgetary plannings.
EITI also assists in strengthening accountability and good governance, as
well as promoting greater economic and political stability. This, in turn, can
contribute to the prevention of conflict based around the oil, mining and gas
sectors.
Governments
176. What does an investor seek?
• Stability,
• Certainty
• Clarity of country tax rules and procedures.
Benefit from a level playing field in which all companies are required to
disclose the same information.
Benefit from mitigating political and reputational risks. Political instability
caused by opaque governance is a clear threat to investments. In extractive
industries, where investments are capital intensive and dependent on long-
term stability to generate returns, reducing such instability is beneficial for
business.
Transparency of payments made to a government can also help to
demonstrate the contribution that their investment makes to a country
enables a better engage with citizens and civil society.
Companies
177. A country´s EITI Report informs the public of what happens with its
natural resources.
Benefit from Reliable and accessible information about their
country’s natural resources.
Benefit increasing the amount of information in the public domain
about those revenues that governments manage on behalf of
citizens, thereby making their governments more accountable.
Civil society is an essential partner in implementing the EITI.
Citizens and Civil Society
180. EITI Albania Objectives
1. Show direct and indirect contribution of extractives to the economy
2. Increase public understanding of the management of natural resources and
public accessibility of data
3. Strengthen national resource management / strengthen government
systems
4. Track how revenues are allocated and spent, in particular at local levels
5. Create opportunities for dialogue and constructive engagement in natural
resource management in order to build trust and reduce conflict among
stakeholders
6. Strengthen business environment and increase investments
183. 1,081
1,144
1,240
1,301
1,335
- 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total PBB ne miliarde Lek Kontributi ne % i industria nxjerrese (GDP)
5.6%
4.3%
3.1%
2%
2.4%
Contribution of Extractive
Industries towards GDP
2008-2012 in billion ALL
184. EITI disclosure mandatory in Mining Code (October 2014)
In the framework of the global initiative for transparency in extractive
industries, EITI Albania, has the right to ask and receive information from
the mining operators, as well as from the Tax, Customs and Local
Administration. EITI Albania has the obligation to publish to its annual EITI
reports the data on the payments of fiscal obligations by the mining
operators.
EITI disclosure mandatory in Hydro-carbons law nr. 7746, date 28.7.1993
(Exploration and Exploration), (March 2015)
In the framework of the global initiative for transparency in extractive
industries, the licensed operators, as well as Tax, Customs Directorates
and Central and Local Administration have the obligation to report
according to the EITI standard and in accordance with the regulations
issued based on EITI standard. EITI Albania has the duty to publish these
data to its annual EITI reports according to the EITI standard.
EITI Legislative Agenda
185. Revenue Potential
The main objective of this study will be to examine the potential
contribution of the Albanian oil and mining sector to income and growth
of the wider economy, with a focus on identifying binding constraints that
are open to government action.
Hydro-energy scoping study
The main objective of this study will be to assess the contribution of the
hydro-energy sector to the country GDP and state budget with the
intention to include this sector under the “cadre” of Albania EITI reports
EITI Data Integrated Management Systems feasibility study
The study will seek to produce a technical report which will inform the
current status of the IT systems of state agencies with regard to EITI data
reporting, and propose a solution for integration of EITI data
EITI Studies Agenda
186. The US recently enacted mandatory
disclosure legislation as part of the US
Dodd-Frank Financial Reform Act,
(Cardin Lugar amendment) requiring
that all companies listed in the US
disclose their payments to
governments in all countries where
they operate.
Goal: Ensure that the poorest citizens can also reap
the benefits of the natural resources boom
Other complementary efforts to
improve revenue transparency?
This law shines a light on billions in payments
to governments from oil, gas and mining
companies.
What does the law require and achieve?
Oil, gas and mining companies are required to
disclose what they pay to the U.S. government
and foreign governments as part of their
annual filings to the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC), which is the
agency that regulates the U.S. financial sector.
187. Extractive transparency in EU fast
becoming a reality
As a response to international efforts on transparency the
European Union has passed similar legislation for the New EU Reporting
Standards through its CBCR Initiative that will :
• Adapt existing EU legislation to promote transparency and good
governance as regards the exploitation of natural resources
• Oblige multinational compagnies to disclose payements to governements
on a country and Project basis. Listed and large unlisted companies in the
EU with activities in the oil, gas, mining and logging sectors will be
affected by this legislation
191. What is the National Economic
Council (NEC)?
Institutionalization of the consultation process between the
business community and the government
A discussion platform for economic policies and
development reforms in Albania
It is not an organization or institution but a process
192. NEC Purpose
The National Economic Council ensures:
Institutional cooperation and the public-private partnership;
Dialogue and consultation between the government and the
private sector;
Transparency on public decision-making and the
representation of the public sector in this process.
Law on Establishment and Operation of the National Economic
Council (law no. 57/2014, art. 1)
193. The Secretariat of NEC
Headed by the Secretary General
Supports, coordinates and organizes NEC activities
Operates a web portal (www.kek.al) for receiving from
business organizations comments, observations, proposals
and denunciations on arbitrary practices, analyzes and
distributes to the relevant authorities the processed
information
Monitors and mediates the dialogue between the public
authorities and the private sector
195. High representation periodic meetings
Exchange of comments, suggestions or
proposals via www.kek.al
Other forms of meetings, subcommittees, etc.
A Three Way Consultation Process:
196. NEC Interactive Portal
www.kek.al is freely accessible by everyone but only business
organizations can upload comments, proposals and
denunciations
Drafts of laws and secondary legislation affecting the
economy of the country should be published for sixty (60)
days in the web portal for review and comments of the
business community
197. Periodic Meetings
Periodic meetings are held every month led by NEC Chairman,
the Prime Minister of Albania.
Once in three months, special meetings are conducted with
the participation of foreign representatives and academics of
economic background.
198. NEC Participants
Permanent participants are:
The Minister responsible for the economy
The Minister responsible for finance
Secretary General
The Governor of the Bank of Albania
Six personalities of national and world economy
Six largest taxpayers of the business community, domestic or
foreign (rotated on semestral basis)
Four business organizations (rotated on semestral basis)
199. Other Participants
The representatives of international organizations permanent
members of NEC , including but not limited to:
International Monetary Fund - IMF
International Financial Corporation - IFC
World Bank - WB
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development – EBRD
The Director General of Taxation
The Director General of Customs
200. The Investment Committee
Supported by EBRD
Provides NEC with:
Studies
Reports
Recommendations
Operates as an economic ombudsman
201. Key policy issues covered
11 monthly meetings so far, where many issues of importance
to business were discussed and consulted:
The Agreement of Albania with World Bank and IMF
The payment of arrears to private businesses
EU negotiation process
New VAT law
Structural reforms
Pension reform
Reduction of Informal Economy
Challenges in the Energy Sector
Tourism
The draft budget for the year 2015
2015 Fiscal package
202. NEC Activities
• Forum presenting the New Customs Code project.
• Forum organized between private producers and Minister of Energy and
Industry on “The problems the sector encountered, market perspectives
and forms of cooperation”, which led to the signing of a Memorandum of
Understanding between the Ministry of Energy and Industry and the
Albanian Renewable Energy Association
• Roundtable on "The Role of the Taxpayer Advocate: Challenges and the
Future”
• Business Forum for the “Pharmaceutical market in Albania
• Roundtable “On the unpaid energy the State owes to Private Producers”
• Roundtable on “The potential involvement of banks in financing the
Albanian Power Corporation”.
203. Challenges for the future
Optimise NEC's role
Increase the efficiency of NEC and the quality of the dialogue
Improve NEC's representativeness and credibility
Raise the profile of NEC
205. Keynote Presentation from the Ministry of Energy
and Industry - Electricity Directorate
Agim Bregasi, Director of Policies and Development
of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Industry
206. Ministry of Energy and Industry
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT’S POLICY
FOR ENERGY SECURITY
AGIM BREGASI: DIRECTOR OF POWER SECTOR Tirana, 17-18 MARCH 2015
207. Domestic production and Consumption
The data for the period 1985 – 2012 Annual Report 2012 published by the Energy Regulatory Autority.
Të dhënat për periudhën 2013-2025 janë projeksion bazuar mbi të dhënat aktuale.
208. 1. Changing the electric energy sector in a profitable sector by
fulfilling its financial obligations towards the state’s budget;
2. Increase Security of energy supply:
a. Increase of generation capacity;
b. Increase of transmissions capacity;
3. Drafting a legal framework and market model in compliance
with EU Directives and the 3-rd Package of internal markets;
4. Setting power tariffs and prices to cover costs of activities.
5. Further liberalization of the market
6. Drafting a National Energy Strategy in compliance with
Roadmap 2030;
Vision of the Government
209. Development of the Sector
Planned actions
• Increasing Distribution sector accountability and performance;
• Achievement of objectives on lowering losses and increasing
collections;
210. Legal Reforms in the Power Sector
• Drafting a new law “On the Power Sector”, amending
the existing law in accordance with EU Directives and 3-
rd Package;
• Drafting a new law “On Renewable Energies” and “On
Energy Efficiency”;
• Drafting of sub-legal and regulatory acts of these laws;
• Tariff reform.
211. National Energy Strategy (2016 – 2030)
• The National Energy Strategy (2015-2030) is foreseen to be completed within
2015 and it includes:
• Fulfilling power demand according to the “lowest-cost” principle;
• Increasing RES/ EE in all sectors in compliance with EU directives and the
Treaty of Energy Community;
• Using natural gas after implementing TAP project;
• Long-term progress of power tariffs and prices;
• Regional cooperation for establishing a regional market.
212. Main power production and transmissions
projects
Main projects for increasing power generation capacities :
1. Construction of Skavica HPP;
2. Construction of HPPs in Vjosa river;
Main projects for increasing interconnections transmission capacity:
1. Construction of 400 kV line Albania – Kosovo ( in construction )
2. Construction of 400 kV line Albania – Macedonia
3. Construction of 400 kV line 400 kV Albania - Italy
Main projects for increasing in-country transmission capacity:
1. Construction of 220 kV line Tirana 2 – Rrashbull and 220/110 kV ESS in Rrogozhinë
2. Construction of 220 kV line Elbasan – Fier and 220/110 kV ESS Kuçovë
3. 110 kV Tirana Ring and Tirana 3 ESS
213. Skavica HPP (Drini i Zi River)
What represents Skavica HPP:
• Located in north east of Albania
• Unused part of Drin river
(Drini i Zi)
• Upper HPP in Drin River Cascade
• Regulatory role for the Cascade
• Preventive role on floods of lower–Shkodra zone
• Existing pre-feasibility study with acceptable options
1. Skavica HPP;
2. Katundi i Ri HPP.
216. CHARACTERISTICS
HPP Altitude of the dam Power Energy Cost
Katundi i Ri 445 m 49 MW 206 GWh 99.5 mil EU
Skavica 385 385 m 119 MW 467 GWh 214 mil EU
Total 168 MW 672 GWh
Alternative:
Katundi i Ri 445 m 49 MW 206 GWh 99.5 mil EU
Skavica 395 m 395 m 132 MW 488 GWh 248.3 mil EU
Total 181 MW 694 GWh 337.8 mil EU
This alternative is more acceptable from the generation point of view and from the regulatory role
of Skavica reservoir, but comprises high environmental and social impacts, along with high
expropriation costs
(without including the benefits of the
generation from the existing HPPs)
217. Vjosa River HPPs
What represents Vjosa River:
• Located south of Albania
• Second river enlisted by its power potential
• No other HPPs built on its stream
• Stable and considerable flow
• Certified multi-year measurements
Existing preliminary feasibility study:
• Identified 3 main branches;
• Determined the possibility of building 9 HPPs
221. Transmission capacities with regional countries
o Existing interconnection lines:
1. 400 kV line Elbasan (Albania) –
Kardhja (Greece)
2. 400 kV line Elbasan (Albania –
Podgorice ( Monte Negro)
3. 220 kV line Fierze ( Albania ) –
Prishtine ( Kosovo )
4. 220 kV line Vau i Dejes
(Albania) – Podgorice
( Montenegro )
5. 150 kV line Bistrica 1 (Albania
) – Igumenice (Greece)
o Interconnection lines In
construction
400 kV line Tirane (Albani)-
Prishtine (Kosovo)
oNew interconection line:
1. Albania – Macedonia
2. Albania - Italia
222. New interconnection lines with regional countries
1. 400 kV Interconnection line Albania-Kosovo;
• Investments value for Albanian near 42 milion Euro
2. 400 kV Interconnection line Albania-Macedonia
• Investments value for Albanian near 28 milion Euro;
3. 500 kV Interconnection line Albanian –Italy;
There are two options:
• From Porto Romano, length 250 km, investment value near 530 Mln Euro
• From Vlora, length 135 km, investment value near 380 Mln Euro
223. Interconnection line 400 kV , Tirana 2 – Kosova
BThe project is a German Government
investment financed by KfW Bank, 42 million
Euro Albanian Part and includes:
Lot1:
Substations Extension: new 120 MVAr shunt
reactor in Tirana2 Ss; Joint LFC for two control
areas (OST and KOSTT), Kosova2
Substations Extension.
Lot2:
400 kV overhead line. Total length of the line
242 km (162 km new line and 80 km
completion of second circuit of the part of
Tirana-Podgorica line, from Tirana to Lac
Qyrsaqe). 90 km Kosova part, and 152 km
Albanian part.
The project is under implementation stage and
is expected to be in operation on beginning
2016.
224. This project comprises:
- The construction of the new 400
kV interconnection line, Elbasan-
Bitola, approximately 151 km long,
56 km in Albanian territory.
- The extension of the 400 kV
Elbasan2 substation by new 400 kV
double busbars, new 400 kV line
bays and 120 MVAR shunt reactor.
- Feasibility study of this project,
funded under the WBIF projects,
is prepared by the consortium
COVI / IPF in 2012.
What realizes?
- Increases the security of
electricity supply to our
country,
- Improves circulation flows in
the region
- reduces electricity losses
.
400 kV interconnection line Elbasan- Bitola
(Macedonia)
225. A substantial „Regional Integrated Gasification - Initiative“ is the
possible interconection of Albania with regional gas market.
IAP
TAP
LNG
TERMINALS
IGI
WBR
226. Thanks for your
Attention!
Agim BREGASI
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND INDUSTRY
Directory of Power Sector
Bulevardi “Deshmoret e Kombit”, Tiranë, Shqipëri
Mob: +355 66 40 56 186
agim.bregasi@energjia.gov.al | www.energjia.gov.al
227. Presentation: An overview of Albania’s greatest
energy source – Hydropower
Aas Agnar, Director of Governmental Affairs, Devoll
Hydropower, Albania
232. Time Schedule
BASE CASE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION TIMESCHEDULE
Activity
H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2
Concession Agreement into Force
Pre-Construction Phase
Preparatory Works - Banja
Preparatory Road Works - Moglicë
Construction Transmission Lines
Construction Banjë HPP
Construction Moglicë HPP
Construction Kokël HPP
2015 2016 2017 2018 201920142009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Current stage
233. Required by Albania law:
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Environmental and Social Screening
Environment and Social Impact
Assessment (ESIA)
ESM Planning based on international best practice:
7
Recommended by International best practice:
DHP Sustainability Policy
ESIA Planning Report
Pre-feasibility Study
Environmental and Social Scoping
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
Entitlement Matrix
Environment and Social Management Plans
Grievance Redress Mechanism Policy
Annual Implementation Plans
245. Statkraft’s presence in SEE
Enter into the Albanian
electricity market
- import power into Albania
- export power out of Albania
- transit power through the
Albanian grid
19
246. What’s happening in Balkan.
Albania
- WB/OST
- MEI New Energy Law
Transmission Lines
- Albania – Kosovo
- Subsea cable Montenegro – Italy
- Albania – Macedonia
Power exchange Serbia ??
Coordination Auction Office
Montenegro
20
247. Development in Albania
New Energy Law
- Secondary legislation
- Market Design
Day Ahead Market
- Hourly prices required for;
- planning hydro generation
- optimize import and exports
- More transparency
- Reduced credit risk
- Invoicing only against the exchange;
- Automation and standardization
- Comply with EU Target model
- Facilitate price coupling w/other markets
21
one day ahead
- auction trade -
Day Ahead
Market
Market equilibrium
Balancing
generation
and consumption
in realtime
Balancing
Mechanism
249. Presentation: An overview of the mining sector
in Albania
Mehmet Hasalami, Policy and Development
Directorate of Mines, Ministry of Energy and
Industry
250. Prepared from Mehmet HASALAMI
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND
INDUSTRY
15 March 2015
TIRANA
251. 3
Privatisation
Creating a legislative and administering framework
based on the market economy principles
Mining right
Concession
Reforming of mining industry towards the free market economy
The closure of non-efficient mines
to incite, support and encourage
the development and increment of of domestic production.
Mining activity in Albania Restructuring
253. MINING ACTIVITY LEGISLATION
• The first Mining Law of Albania is approved on 1994, and amended continuity.
• New Mining Law, amended recently, made some changes:
New concept of territory planning (including the concept of mining strategy and
programming of mining activities by offering of Mining areas to investors and competition
process through a new transparent way for granting of mining rights)
Facilitating of the licensing procedures (concept of one stop shop) as well as the promotion
of mining areas on line through a digital map on GIS and Data Base of Mining Industry
Participation and benefits of local authorities and community
New provisions on Minerals promotion, Monitoring and supervision, Health and Safety in
mining activity and Monitoring of post mining activities-mining closure
5
254. MINING ACTIVITY LEGISLATION
Addressing of environment and social issues
Increase of the institutions
Professionalism and Transparency (participation on EIT Initiative)
New concept of financial surety for environment rehabilitation, mine closure,
rehabilitation of the waste deposit area.
Financial surety for realization of the minimum working program for
prospecting exploration permits
Financial surety for realization of investment program calculated annually of 10
% of the investment value.
New concept for professional licensing process
New concepts for closure of abandoned mines, conservation, rehabilitation
6
255. MINING ACTIVITY LEGISLATION
• The new law FOR MINING SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA is
composed from 10 chapters:
• 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ( scope, field, definitions)
• 2. MINING STRATEGIC PLANNING
• 3. MINING RIGHT CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF MINING PERMITS ( four groups of minerals three
types of permits)
• 4. PROCEDURES FOR GRANTING OF PERMITS, LICENSES AND AUTHORIZATIONS
• 5. GENERAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF HOLDERS OF MINING RIGHTS, ROYALTY
• 6. TRANSFER OF THE MINING RIGHTS FROM THE HOLDER OF MINING RIGHTS
• 7. SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF MINING ACTIVITIES AND MINING CADASTRE
• 8. PENALTIES, SUSPENSION, TERMINATION OF THE MINING RIGHTS
• 9. MINING DATA AND CONFIDENTIALITY
• 10. CLOSING AND CONSERVATIONS OF MINES
7
256. The Study for the Master Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry in Albania. 8
257. Policy and action programs for the management of mining activities
Sustainable development of Albanian economy based on short-mid-long
terms objectives,
Maximum profit of Albanian citizens,
Re-evaluation of mining resources,
Territorial planning, land use strategy,
Transparency to the public , transparency on decision making,
Good governance, continuity of reforms,
Figh the poverty specially in rural areas,
Employment,
Improvement on economical and financial balance of the country by
development of exports,
Environment friendly
Participation of communities
Increase of revenues of the local authorities through percentage in royalty
and other taxes
Fight the coruption
258. OTHER
POLICY MEASURES
Promoting takeovers: programmes for creative industries, expand
microcredit schemes in rural and urban areas;
Improve business services: Establishment of SME portal, TNA for
business needs, training for entrepreneurs etc;
Increase institucional capacities in MEI : Increase Competitiveness
Policy Department, unit for inovation and technology transfere;
260. 12
Main Minerals and their Reserves
Quantity Copper 24 million ton
Bauxite 16 million ton
Quantity
Iron nickel 160 million ton
Nickel silicate 103 million ton