Piping accessories and fittings are essential components used to connect, control, and support piping systems. Here are some common types of piping accessories and fittings: Couplings: Couplings are used to connect two pipes of the same diameter together. They come in various types, including compression couplings, mechanical couplings, and flexible couplings. Elbows: Elbows are fittings that allow the pipeline to change direction. They are available in different angles such as 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees to facilitate various piping configurations. Tees: Tees are fittings used to create branches in pipelines. They have one inlet and two outlets (or vice versa), allowing the flow of fluid to be diverted in multiple directions. Reducers: Reducers are used to connect pipes of different diameters. They are available in concentric and eccentric designs to maintain proper flow characteristics. Flanges: Flanges are flat, circular discs with bolt holes used to connect pipes, valves, and other equipment. They provide easy access for maintenance and facilitate the assembly and disassembly of piping systems. Valves: Valves are devices used to regulate or control the flow of fluids in a piping system. They come in various types such as gate valves, ball valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves, each suited for specific applications. Unions: Unions are fittings that allow for easy disconnection of pipes for maintenance or repair purposes. They consist of three parts: a male end, a female end, and a nut that screws the two ends together. Caps and Plugs: Caps are used to seal the end of a pipe, while plugs are used to close off a fitting or opening temporarily. They prevent leakage and contamination in the piping system. Hangers and Supports: Hangers and supports are used to secure and support pipes along their length. They help prevent sagging, vibration, and excessive stress on the piping system. Expansion Joints: Expansion joints are flexible connectors installed in piping systems to absorb thermal expansion, vibration, and movement. They help prevent damage to the piping system due to temperature fluctuations and external forces. These are just a few examples of piping accessories and fittings. The selection of appropriate accessories and fittings depends on factors such as the type of piping system, operating conditions, and specific requirements of the application.