The document provides an overview of India's infrastructure sector, including trends, projected investments, and developments in key subsectors. Some of the key points summarized are: - Total projected investment in infrastructure from 2007-2012 is $500 billion, with electricity, roads, and telecom receiving the largest shares. Private companies are expected to contribute one-third of total infrastructure investment. - Power generation grew significantly from 1999-2004, but a supply deficit remains. The 11th Five Year Plan targets adding 78,577 MW of new capacity. - Cargo traffic at major ports grew nearly 10% annually from 1999-2004. Average turnaround time exceeds international standards. - The aviation sector saw 32

1. India’s Infrastructure
Presented By :-
Ashutosh Mishra
Ashutosh Kumar
Ashwani Kumar
Sashank Nair
Pratuish Bahadur
Siddharth M.
1

2. Content
• Introduction
• Trends in Infrastructure
• Sector wise projected Investment in Infrastructure
• Power
• Ports
• Aviation
• Roads & Transportation
• Telecommunication
• Railways
• SEZ
• Urban infrastructure
• Rural infrastructure
• Water resources
• References
2

3. Introduction
“The link between infrastructure and
development is not a once for all affair. It is a
continuous process; and progress in
development has to be proceeded
accompanied and followed by progress in
infrastructure, if we are fulfill our declared
objectives of a self accelerating process of
economic development.”
-Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao
3

4. Conti……………………..
“Expanding investment in infrastructure can play
an important counter cyclical role. Projects and
programmes [are] to be reviewed in the area
of infrastructure development, including pure
public private partnerships, to ensure that their
implementation is expedited and does not suffer
from *the+ fund crunch.”
Mr. Manmohan Singh, Indian Prime Minister,
(quoted in newspaper reports, October, 2008)
4

5. India today is fast changing – setting the pace for
growth and stability…
TODAY
• One of the fastest growing world
economies
• Reasonably proactive
YESTERDAY
• Opening up of sectors for
investment
• Slow rate of growth
• Promising consumer markets
• Bureaucratic
• Significant investment in
• Protected and slow infrastructure creation for
• Small consumer industry
markets
• Underdeveloped
infrastructure

6. Reasons to invest in India:
• One of the world’s fastest growing economies –
and growth expected to continue at 7-7.5%
despite the global downturn
• Few restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI)
for infrastructure projects
• Tax holidays for developers of most types of
infrastructure projects, some of which are of
limited duration
• Opening up of the infrastructure sector through
PPPs
6

7. Budget and Infrastructure
• 9% of the country’s GDP will be spent on
Infrastructure by 2014 from current 5%. One
third of this investment would come from
private companies.
• Investment in Infrastructure
2007 -2012 = $500 bn
2012 -2017 = $1.5 tn

8. Infrastructure
• 60% of Public Private Partnership (PPP)
projects by Indian Infrastructure Finance
Company Limited (IIFCL); ‘takeout financing’.

9. TRENDS IN INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
Items Unit 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Energy
Coal Mn.
Production Tones 3.1 3.6 4.6 4.2 5.1 6.8
Electricity
generated bn. Kwh 3.6 3.1 3.9 3.9 5.0 6.5
Hydel bn. Kwh 8.5 11.1 -7.6 -13.6 15.6 17.6
Thermal (
including
nulcear) bn. Kwh 6.2 5.7 9.3 6.3 3.8 6.1
Petroleum
mn
crude oil tones 3 -3.4 -2.4 1.5 -1.2 3.7
Refinery mn
throughput tones 3.7 20.2 25.4 8.3 7.2 6.7
mn
Steel tones 6.3 1.4 15 6.5 12.5 8.1
mn
9
Cement tones 9.1 5.7 14.2 -0.9 7.4 9.7

10. Continue…
Items Unit 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Transports &
communication
Railways revenue mn
earning-goods traffic tonnes 5 3.7 4 5.3 7.5 7.7
cargo handled at mn
major ports tonnes 10.7 3.4 9.0 9.9 7.5 11.1
New telephone 000
communication number
provided s 27.1 16.4 29.7 27.2 23.9 40
Civil Aviation
000
Export cargo handled tonnes 6.2 -3.9 10.3 4.9 -0.2 13.9
Import cargo 000
handled tonnes -5.9 -0.5 15.4 4.9 1.6 20.3
Passengers handled
at international
terminals mn 4.6 1 2.9 5.4 -2.7 7.4
Passengers handled
at domestic
terminals mn -1.8 0.9 6.9 8.8 -5.8 8.8 10

11. SECTOR WISE PROJECTED INVESTMENT IN
INFRASTRUCTURE DURING 11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)
SECTOR INVESTMENT IN CRORE SECTORAL SHARE ( %)
Electricity 616526 30.50
Roads 311816 15.40
Telecom 267001 13.20
Railways 255000 12.60
Irrigation 217722 10.80
Ports 73941 3.70
Airports 34697 1.70
Others 242006 14.34
Total ( including others) 2018709 100
Public sector 1422176 70.4
Private sector 596533 29.6
11

12. SECTOR WISE PROJECTED INVESTMENT IN
INFRASTRUCTURE DURING 11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)
4% 2%
12%
35%
Electricity
14% Roads
Telecom
Railways
Irrigation
Ports
15%
Airports
18%
12

13. POWER
13

14. GROWTH IN GDP & POWER
GENERATION
14

15. Distribution of installed capacity as on
31-12-2007
25%
3%
Thermal
RES
8% 64% Nuclear
Hydro
15

16. Power supply position – all-India
Period Peak Peak Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy
Demand met Deficit/ Deficit Requirement availability Deficit/ Deficit
Surplus Surplus Surplus Surplus
(MW) (MW) (MW) (%) (MU) (MU) (MU) (%)
9th Plan end 81,555 71,262 -10,293 -12.6 5,22,537 4,83,350 -39,187 -7.5
2002-03 81,492 71,547 -9,945 -12.2 5,45,983 4,97,890 -48,093 -8.8
2003-04 84,574 75,066 -9,508 -11.2 5,59,264 5,19,398 -39,866 -7.1
2004-05 87,906 77,652 -10,254 -11.7 5,91,373 5,48,115 -43,258 -7.3
2005-06 93,255 81,792 -11,463 -12.3 6,31,757 5,78,819 -52,938 -8.4
2006-07 1,00,715 86,818 -13,897 -13.8 6,90,587 6,24,495 -66,092 -9.6
Apr-Dec 2007 1,06,624 90,793 -15,831 -14.8 5,43,394 4,97,793 -45,601 -8.4
16

17. Eleventh plan power capacity
addition targets (MW & per cent)
The National Electricity Policy (NEP),2005 recognizes electricity as a
“basic human need” and targets a rise in per capita availability from
631 units to 1,000 units per annum by the end of 2012.
Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear Total Share (%)
(MW)
Central 9,685 26,800 3,380 39,865 50.7
State 3,605 24,347 0 27,952 35.5
Private 3,263 7,497 0 10,760 13.8
Total 16,553 58,644 3,380 78,577
Share (%) 21.1 74.6 4.4 100
17

18. Rajiv Gandhi Garmin Vidhyuti-karan Yojana
(RGGVY) : Progress
• 27 States and their utilities have signed the memorandum of
agreement (MoA)
• Four CPSUs— (PGCIL), (NTPC), (NHPC),(DVC)—have been allocated
139 districts for implementation of RGGVY
• At present 235 projects are under implementation covering 67,012
unelectrified villages and 83.1 lakh BPL households at the awarded
cost of Rs. 12386.03 crore.
• 45,430 villages have been electrified and 18,25,508 connections to
BPL households have been released.
18

19. PORTS
19

20. MAJOR PORTS OF INDIA
• JNPT
• Chennai
• Cochin
• Visakhapatnam
• Kandla
• Mormugao
• Paradip
• New Mangalore
• Tuticorin
• Ennore
20

21. Trends in traffic at major ports
commodity 2005-06 2006-07 APRIL-OCT GROWTH (%)
MT MT 2006 2007 2006 2007
POL 142.1 154.3 84.6 95.9 8.6 13.4
Iron Ore 79.2 80.6 42.9 47.7 1.8 11.2
Fertilizer & Raw
Materials
12.2 14.9 7.5 9.4 22.1 25.3
Foodgrains 2.1 5.0 2.5 1.1 138.1 (-)0.56
Coal 58.8 60.0 32.8 36.8 2.0 12.2
Vegetable Oil 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.5 7.7 -
Other Liquids 10.8 10.9 6.0 7.0 0.9 16.6
Containerized
Cargo
62.0 73.4 40.8 50.9 18.4 24.8
Others 52.5 61.1 33.9 37.3 16.4 10.0
TOTAL 423.6 463.8 253.5 288.6 9.5 13.9
21

22. Selected performance indicators for major ports
Name of Port Average pre-berthing waiting Average Average turnaround time (days)
turnaround time (days) time hours - on port A/c
2005-06 2006-07 April-Oct 2007 2005-06 2006-07 Apr-oct 2007
Kolkata ( KDS) 0.09 0.13 - 4.12 3.89 4.51
Kolkata ( haldia 30.37 26.05 27.82 4.0 3.97 4.24
dock complex)
Mumbai 4.8 5.22 5.47 4.09 4.63 4.30
JNPT 7.40 5.45 8.88 1.96 1.67 1.79
Chennai 0.90 0.8 1.00 3.30 3.40 3.80
Cochin 2.94 0.29 1.46 2.13 2.19 2.08
Visakhapatnam 1.54 4.78 7.83 3.80 3.65 4.08
Kandla 19.68 35.28 21.12 4.39 5.46 4.62
Mormugao 17.58 19.34 22.60 4.08 4.46 3.74
Paradip 1.48 1.41 23.22 3.55 3.54 6.04
New
0.96 1.87 5.52 3.00 3.14 3.69
Mangalore
Tuticorin 3.06 3.22 3.60 2.83 3.67 3.57
En no re 0.36 0.31 0.91 2.23 1.89 2.08
All Major
8.77 10.05 11.17 3.50 3.62 3.79
Ports
22

23. Some facts about Indian Ports
• The country’s coastline of 7,517 km, spread over 13 States, is studded with
12 major ports and 200 non-major ports.
• The total traffic carried by both the major and minor ports during 2006-07
was estimated at around 650 MT
• Despite having adequate capacity and modern handling facilities, the
average turnaround time of 3.6 days, compared with 10 hours in Hong
Kong, undermines the competitiveness of Indian ports.
• The Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT), India’s largest container port, handled
roughly 3.3 million TEUs in 2006-07
23

24. AVIATION
24

25. Passenger and cargo traffic by air
25

26. STATISTICS OF INDIAN AIR TRANSPORT
2004-05 2005-06 % Change
Fleet Size ( No.) 184 243 32.1
Aircraft Departure per 847 1012 19.5
day ( No.)
Passengers carried per 67,866 86,992 28.2
day ( No.)
Growth in Passenger 68.4 68.0 --
Traffic ( %)
Cargo carried per day 978.9 1010 3.2
( Tonnes )
26

27. ROADS & TRANSPOTATION
27

28. Size of the Initiatives
• India is the second largest in the world-extensive
road network of 3.3 million kilometers
• Carry about 61% of the freight and 85% of the
passenger traffic.
• All the highways and expressways together
constitute about 66,000 kilometers (only 2% of all
roads), whereas they carry 40% of the road
traffic.
• Indian Government annually spends about
Rs.18000 crores

29. Target
• Developing 1000 km of expressways
• Developing 8,737 km of roads, including 3,846
km of national highways, in the North East
• Four-laning 20, 000 km of national highways
• Four-laning 6,736 km on North-South and East-
West corridors
• Six-laning 6,500 km of the Golden Quadrilateral
and selected national highways
• Widening 20,000 km of national highways to two
lanes

30. Approach
• National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the apex
Government body for implementing the NHDP. All contracts
whether for construction or BOT are awarded through
competitive bidding
• Private sector participation is increasing, and is through
construction contracts and Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) for
some stretches – based on either the lowest annuity or the
lowest lump sum payment from the Government
• BOT contracts permit tolling on those stretches of the NHDP
• A large component of highways is to be developed through
public-private partnerships and several high traffic stretches
already awarded to private companies on a BOT basis.

31. Policy
• 100% FDI under the automatic route is
permitted for all road development projects
• 100% income tax exemption for a period of 10
years
• Grants / Viability gap Funding for marginal
projects by NHAI.
• Formulation of Model Concession Agreement

32. TELECOMMUNICATION
32

33. Mobile Tariffs in India one of the Lowest
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.2 0.19
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.11 0.11 0.11
0.1 0.09
USD
0.05 0.05
0.05 0.04
0.03
0.02
0
Argentina
Belgium
Italy
India
China
France
Malayasia
Philippines
Thailand
Hong Kong
Pakistan
UK
Brazil
Taiwan

34. Growth of Telecom in India
• 1994 National Telecom Policy – 1994
announced
• Aug 1995 Kolkata became the first metro to have
a cellular network
• 1997 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
was setup
• 1999 Tariff rebalancing exercises gets
initiated
• March 1999 National Telecom Policy – 99
announced

35. • Aug 1999 License fee (revenue share) reduced from
provisional 15% to 12%, 10% & 8% on
Circle wise basis (A type, B type & C type
circles)
• 2000 TRAI Act amended & separate tribunal
proposed
• Jan 2001 TDSAT started functioning
• Jan 2001 Policy announced for additional licenses in
Basic and Mobile Services
• Jan 2001 Limited mobility allowed to Basic Services
(CDMA spectrum allotted to Basic Service
Operators)

36. • Oct-2002 BSNL entered in to GSM cellular operation
w.e.f 19th October, 2002. Made incoming
call free & initiated tariff equalization process
Tariff for GSM cellular mobiles reduced
• Nov 2003 Unified Access (Basic & Cellular) Service
License (USAL) introduced as a first step
towards Unified License Regime
Technology neutral and allows provisioning
any kind of service
• Apr 2004 License fee reduced by 2% across the board for
all the access licenses.

37. Teledensity-Rural & Urban
T e le d e n s ity
70
60 R ural Urban T otal 6 0 .0 4
50 4 8 .5 2
40 3 9 .4 5
30
2 6 .8 8
2 3 .2 1
20 2 0 .7 4
1 8 .3 1
1 4 .3 2 1 2 .7 4
1 0 .3 7 1 2 .2
10 8 .3 6 8 .9 5 7 .9
6 .9 4 7 .0 2 5 .8 8
4 .2 9 5 .1 1
2 .3 2 2 .8 6 3 .5 8
0 .5 2 0 .6 8 0 .9 3 1 .2 1 1 .4 9 1 .5 7 1 .7 3 1 .8 6
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2 0 0 7 (N o v )
Ye a r

38. Mobile Services : Fuelling the growth
Nov-06 Nov-07
39.31
15%
40.35
22%
Fixed Line Fixed Line
Wireless Wireless
143.11 225.46
78% 85%
Total telephone connections as on November 2006: 183.46
million
November 2007: 264.77 million

39. Subscribers (in millions)
Year Fixed line Mobile Total Tele
including (GSM+WL density
WLL(F) L(M)
March-97 14.54 0.34 14.8 1.57
March-00 26.65 1.9 28.55 2.81
March-01 32.71 3.58 36.29 3.52
March-02 38.33 6.54 44.87 4.28
March-03 41.48 13 54.48 5.1
March-04 42.84 33.69 76.53 7.04
March-05 46.19 52.22 98.41 9.11
March-06 50.18 90.14 140.32 12.8
March-07 48.87 157.96 206.83 18.46
Dec. 2007 43.3 226 269.3 24.04

40. Exponential Growth
Growth of Telephone Connections
Wireline Wireless Total
250
206.83
No. of Connections (in
200
142.07
05
Millions)
150
6.
16
56 98.37
85
76.53
1.
100
10
54.63
5
44.97
.9
36.29
28.53
22.81
50 38.29 41.33 40.92 41.42 40.22 40.78
26.65 32.71
21.61
1
0
.6
.3
35
58
20
0
88
68
13
3.
1.
1.
6.
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year as on 31st March

41. Number of fixed and wireless
telephones
41

42. Number of telephones (end of month)
Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Dec-07
Fixed lines 40.92 41.42 40.23 40.77 39.25
CDMA 9.46 15.92 32.67 44.62 61.40
GSM 26.15 41.03 69.19 120.47 172.23
Wireless
(CDMA & 35.61 56.95 101.86 165.09 233.63
GSM)
Gross Total 76.53 98.37 142.09 205.86 272.88
Annual growth
40.0 28.5 44.4 44.8
(%)
• Figures in million
• Source : Department of Telecommunication
42

43. Railways
43

44. Railways
• World’s second largest rail network.
• Contributing industrial and economic
development.
• Since more than 150 years
• Two major segments
1.Freight traffic
2.Passenger traffic
44

45. Growth of manufacturing and rail
freight traffic
45

46. Analysis
• Improvement in performance
• From 2005-06 and 2006-07
• Increased wagon load
• Faster turn around time
• More rational policy
• 95mn tones of incremental traffic per year
• 1100 revenue earning freight traffic
• By the end of 11th Five year plan.
46

47. Performance of the Indian Railways
April-December Change overprevious
year (per cent)
Particulars 2005-06 2006-07 2006-07 2007-08 2006-07 2007-08
Total revenue earning
1.
freight
traffic (mill.tonnes) 666.51 727.75 527.95 571.35 9.2 8.2
i)Coal 294.25 313.33 226.17 245.26 6.5 8.4
ii) Raw mat from steel
51.35 53.22 39.12 40.35 3.6 3.1
plant(excl. coal)
iii)Pig iron & finished steel
from
steel plants 17.74 21.04 15 16.24 18.6 8.3
iv)Iron ore for export 41.24 38.84 28.57 38.28 -5.8 34.0
47

48. Contd...
v)Cement 61.19 73.13 53.94 56.66 19.5 5.0
vi)Foodgrains 41.64 41.84 29.08 25.65 0.5 -11.8
vii)Fertilizers 32.65 34.26 26.61 28.01 4.9 5.3
viii)POL 33.45 31.69 25.89 26.27 -5.3 1.5
ix)Balance
93 120.4 83.57 94.3 29.5 12.8
(other goods)
Net tonne
2.kilometres 439.6 480.99 346.26 367.6 9.4 6.2
(billion)
Net tonne
kms./
3. 2,960 3,242 3,075 3,266 9.5 6.2
wagon/day(
BG)
Passenger
4.traffic orig. 5,725 6,219 4,642 4,900 8.6 5.6
(million)
Passenger
5.kilometres 616 695 520 551 12.8 6.0
(billion)
48

49. SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ)
49

50. SEZ
• Special economic zones
• Geographical area created with
extended benefits
• Broadened Horizons
50

51. 51

52. Salient Features
• Opportunities for all
• Provisions for sector Specific SEZ
• 100% FDI Permitted
• Net foreign exchange earner
• Treatment of goods from DTA’s
52

53. 53

54. 54

55. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
55

56. Urban Infrastructure
• Includes three major components
1) Urban water and sanitation
2) Solid waste management
3) Urban transport
• Most services are provided by Municipal
Corporations and Municipalities
• 2001:- 285.35 mn total people- 28%
• Expected to grow to 40% by 2020-21
56

57. Projects during 1998-2008
Project Total cost Year of Year of
(bn) approval completion
Urban water and sanitation
Kerala water supply 24.15 2004-05 2009-10
Brihan Mumbai storm water drainage 18.00 2006-07 2009-10
Urban and environmental infrastructure 16.99 1999-00 2004-05
facility
Rajasthan urban infrastructure 15.41 1998-99 2009-10
development
Solid waste management
Kolkata improvement project 1.77 2005-06 2010-11
Cuttack urban services improvement 0.84 1997-98 2002-03
Urban transport
Delhi Metro project (phase1) 105.71 1997-98 2006-07
IT corridor in Chennai 17.00 2004-05 2008-09
Kerala state transport project 16.39 2002-03 2008-09 57

58. 80
70
60
50
40 Central plan outlay
Actual expenditure
30
20
10
0
58
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

59. Analysis
• Budgetary support to MoUD
• Increased by about two and a half times
• From 1998-99 to 2007-08
• External assistance led to major increase
59

60. RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
60

61. Rural Infrastructure and Services Commons
• Two levels
1. Infrastructure
2. Services
• I-level includes power,telecom,physical plant
• S-level includes
market,education,health,informational
61

62. Rural electrification pending status as on
31.12.07
Percentage
70
60
50
40
30
Percentage
20
10
0
62

63. Analysis
• 1,06,381 villages yet to be electrified
• Mission power for all by 2012
• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
• Access to electricity to every village by 2009
63

64. WATER RESOURCES
64

65. Water Resources
• Problems
1.Poorly maintained pipe network
2.Inadequate assets
3.Low quality of water
4.Lack of clearly defined traffic policy
5.Lack of financing mechanism
65

66. Cont.
• Responsibility of urban local bodies
• Fiscal authority rest with state govt.
• Govt launched Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission in 2005
• In 1947 we had 6000 metric cubes of water
now 1,250
• Dependent on ground water than surface
water
66

67. Cont.
• Irrigation and water resources finance
corporation to be set up.
• With initial corpus of 100 crore
• Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
have signed
• $738 mn agreement with world bank
• To repair renovate and restore water bodies.
67

68. REFERENCES
• Indian economy by -
Ruddar Datt, K.P.M Sundharam
• Indian Infrastructure reports
• Indian Economy surveys
• India Infrastructure
68

69. THANK YOU
There was a time to die for the nation , now it is the
time to live for the nation.
69