This document summarizes a paper that highlights grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in administrative buildings in Egypt. It discusses the government's promotion of PV through initiatives to install systems on 1,000 governmental buildings and a program called "Shamsk ya Masr". Approximately 90 PV systems with a total capacity of 9 MW have been installed on administrative buildings so far. The paper also provides analysis of PV parameters like peak sun hours and performance ratio that have been measured from the installed systems.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
Design hybrid micropower system in mistah village using homer modelIAEME Publication
The document presents a case study analyzing different hybrid micropower system designs for a remote village in Iraq using the HOMER modeling software. Three cases are analyzed: 1) diesel generator only, 2) wind, hydro, diesel generator, converter, and batteries, and 3) PV, wind, hydro, diesel generator, converter, and batteries. The optimal configuration was found to be case 2, with a total net present cost of $705,643 and cost of energy of $0.422/kWh. This hybrid system was shown to have lower costs than grid extension for distances over 3.55km from the main power station. Emissions were also calculated and found to be lower for the hybrid systems compared to diesel generator
Jawaharlal nehru national solar missionDileep V Raj
This document provides an overview of India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. It details the objectives and targets of the mission, which include establishing India as a global leader in solar energy and achieving grid parity by 2022 through large scale utilization. The mission has three phases, with targets for grid-connected solar power, off-grid applications, and solar thermal collectors. It outlines policies and incentives to promote solar energy adoption, as well as opportunities in decentralized off-grid applications and developing manufacturing capabilities. The document reviews Phase 1 deliverables and status.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Control For Renewable Energy & Smart GridsPRABHAHARAN429
Control is a key enabling technology for deploying renewable energy systems like solar and wind power. Advanced control techniques are needed for the reliable and high-performance operation of these intermittent renewable sources. The smart grid can help facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources by providing enhanced controllability and responsiveness through extensive use of control technologies at all levels of the electric power system.
Factors influencing the demand on Renewable Energy with a focus on Solar Ther...Sekem Energy
The document discusses factors influencing demand for renewable energy in Egypt, with a focus on solar thermal energy. It presents current and projected future energy usage and generation in Egypt. The document proposes schemes for increasing electricity from private renewable sources, outlining potential penetration rates of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% and the corresponding impacts on annual energy usage and power generation. Hybridization of existing fossil fuel power plants with solar fields is also discussed as a way to generate electricity from renewable sources while reducing fossil fuel usage.
This document discusses the estimation and cost analysis of installing a 300 kW roof-top photovoltaic system at the University B D T College of Engineering in Davangere, India. It analyzes the available roof space of 3,000 square meters that can accommodate 1,200 solar panels generating a total of 300 kW of power. The estimated total cost of the system is 24 million rupees with an estimated payback period of 6 years based on energy savings from self-consumption and revenue from excess power exported to the grid. The roof-top PV system would help meet the college's annual energy demand of 264,960 units and generate an estimated 492,750 units annually.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
Design hybrid micropower system in mistah village using homer modelIAEME Publication
The document presents a case study analyzing different hybrid micropower system designs for a remote village in Iraq using the HOMER modeling software. Three cases are analyzed: 1) diesel generator only, 2) wind, hydro, diesel generator, converter, and batteries, and 3) PV, wind, hydro, diesel generator, converter, and batteries. The optimal configuration was found to be case 2, with a total net present cost of $705,643 and cost of energy of $0.422/kWh. This hybrid system was shown to have lower costs than grid extension for distances over 3.55km from the main power station. Emissions were also calculated and found to be lower for the hybrid systems compared to diesel generator
Jawaharlal nehru national solar missionDileep V Raj
This document provides an overview of India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. It details the objectives and targets of the mission, which include establishing India as a global leader in solar energy and achieving grid parity by 2022 through large scale utilization. The mission has three phases, with targets for grid-connected solar power, off-grid applications, and solar thermal collectors. It outlines policies and incentives to promote solar energy adoption, as well as opportunities in decentralized off-grid applications and developing manufacturing capabilities. The document reviews Phase 1 deliverables and status.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Control For Renewable Energy & Smart GridsPRABHAHARAN429
Control is a key enabling technology for deploying renewable energy systems like solar and wind power. Advanced control techniques are needed for the reliable and high-performance operation of these intermittent renewable sources. The smart grid can help facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources by providing enhanced controllability and responsiveness through extensive use of control technologies at all levels of the electric power system.
Factors influencing the demand on Renewable Energy with a focus on Solar Ther...Sekem Energy
The document discusses factors influencing demand for renewable energy in Egypt, with a focus on solar thermal energy. It presents current and projected future energy usage and generation in Egypt. The document proposes schemes for increasing electricity from private renewable sources, outlining potential penetration rates of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% and the corresponding impacts on annual energy usage and power generation. Hybridization of existing fossil fuel power plants with solar fields is also discussed as a way to generate electricity from renewable sources while reducing fossil fuel usage.
This document discusses the estimation and cost analysis of installing a 300 kW roof-top photovoltaic system at the University B D T College of Engineering in Davangere, India. It analyzes the available roof space of 3,000 square meters that can accommodate 1,200 solar panels generating a total of 300 kW of power. The estimated total cost of the system is 24 million rupees with an estimated payback period of 6 years based on energy savings from self-consumption and revenue from excess power exported to the grid. The roof-top PV system would help meet the college's annual energy demand of 264,960 units and generate an estimated 492,750 units annually.
This document summarizes India's National Solar Mission, which aims to promote solar energy in the country. The mission has three phases running through 2022 with targets to install solar power capacity of 1000 MW by 2013, 4000 MW by 2017, and 20,000 MW by 2022. It also aims to deploy solar thermal collectors, lighting systems, increase manufacturing capacity, and make solar competitive with fossil fuels. The mission will create policies to encourage solar power generation through renewable energy obligations for utilities and declining tariffs for solar power over time. It focuses on both grid-connected solar power and off-grid and decentralized applications to power rural areas and increase energy access.
The ppt gives an overview on recent policy initiatives on Renwable Energy, like cerc\'s new regulation, national solar mission and renewable energy certificate
This document analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of using off-grid solar photovoltaic technology to generate electricity in Peshawar, Pakistan. It finds that while solar PV electricity is currently more expensive than grid electricity, subsidies from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government could help promote solar adoption. The document estimates solar energy production potential in Peshawar and calculates the electricity costs and payback periods for a 10kW residential solar system under different capital cost scenarios. It also analyzes the system's net present value, internal rate of return, investment payback period, and energy payback time. The document concludes that while upfront costs are high, solar PV could ensure cleaner energy and reduce greenhouse
Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System – Lebanon CaseIJERA Editor
The depletion of fossil fuels and their environmental consequences have prompted searching for other sources of energy aiming to global status amelioration. In the recent past, renewable energy sources have been considered as alternatives for the fossil fuel energy sources. The unexpected pattern of natural resources assesses integrated utilization of these sources to provide persistent and reliable power supply to the consumers. The technology’s advantages, requirements and related improvements are underlined and results are generalized. This paper covers the design of a solar and wind based hybrid renewable system presenting calculations and considerations in order to achieve an optimized design. Since hybrid systems performance relies mainly on geographical an d meteorological aspects, the study will consider the case of the Mediterranean area and in particular Lebanon.
Proposal for a 2MW fspv system and e-transportAnkit Singh
This document provides details on a proposed floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) system and electric rickshaw charging facility for a smart city in India. It includes sections on motivation, methodology, system details, cost estimation, and conclusion. The FSPV system would be 2 megawatts located on a southern water body and provide electricity to charge 20 electric rickshaws. The estimated cost is 33.5 crore rupees with an 18 year payback period. The proposal aims to make the city more sustainable and energy independent.
Renewable Energy Technology Opportunities: Responding to Global Energy Challe...Glenn Klith Andersen
The document summarizes the challenges and opportunities in renewable energy technology. It discusses the need to address energy security, economic and environmental issues through increased investment and innovation in renewable technologies like wind, solar and biofuels. The summaries provide data on the current status and future potential of these technologies to meet rising energy demand and reduce carbon emissions in a sustainable manner. National policies and public-private partnerships are needed to accelerate technology development and commercialization.
Making india non fossil fuel based, Types of Renewable Energy Sources, Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Hydro Energy
Tidal Energy
Geothermal Energy and
Biomass Energy
Rooftop Solar - Future for India, Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Rooftop Solar System, Hybrid Systems, CAPEX Model (Capital Expenditure Model), OPEX Model (Operating Expenses Model), Inside the Home of the Future
Self Electricity Generation and Energy Saving By Solar Using Programmable Sys...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Session3 renewable energy and energy efficiency and present and future strate...RCREEE
This document discusses JICA's activities in renewable energy and energy efficiency in Egypt. It provides an overview of JICA, outlines Japan's ongoing RE and EE projects in Egypt totaling over $1.1 billion, and discusses future strategies. Key points include:
- JICA provides technical cooperation, ODA loans, and grant aid to support developing countries. In Egypt, it emphasizes energy, food, environment, and growth resources.
- Ongoing projects include the Zafarana wind farm, Kuraymat solar thermal plant, and various transmission projects. New projects under formulation include wind farms in Gulf of El Zayt and the Nile Valley.
- Future strategies include continuing support for governmental
Attempting to reduce the existing electricity consumption bill, as well as the stability and non-outage grid recharge with the lowest possible cost and suitable quality, is one of the most important goals for those interested in energy around the world. This paper study the circumstances surrounding the Egyptian society to find the best solutions to a achieved this goals, and it was found that solar energy is one of the best alternatives available for energy. Firstly will be study the electricity consumption bill, slice prices and a program was made to calculate the consumption invoice moreover another program for quick estimation to the proposed solar system.The proposed system provides a smart integration between the solar system and grid, where the supply sustainability and the optimal cost are considered. This configuration allows the two sources separately or simultaneously supply the loads depending on photovoltaic extracted energy. Operational analysis of the proposed system will discussed in this paper. The proposed system consists of solar cells, charge controller, batteries and inverter plugged to automatic transfer switches (ATS) using Programmable Logic Control (PLC). The system grantee a safe and reliable load feeding independently on the grid status. The system durability is the most depicted feature through the modelling and experimentally results. A typical case studies for about four years of non-outages photovoltaic-grid hybrid supply (the implemented system) will be presented and discussed.
The March 11, 2011 disaster created the need to review Japan’s energy architecture. We believe that it will take about 10 years for Japan to fully decide on a new energy and electricity architecture, and it will take about 3 years to reach decisions on the future of Japan’s nuclear power generation. Japan has taken a careful approach towards the development of renewable power, and renewable power - except for hydropower - is substantially lower than in most other advanced countries. Japan’s potential for renewable energy is very high, especially wind and geo-thermal power, and will required substantial changes in laws and regulations, and a decentralized and democratic approach to grid management. Necessary liberalization of Japan’s electricity markets is in preparation, and we will see a rapid development of renewable energy. This report reviews the current situation and the future potential of renewable electrical power in Japan.
Major depletion of fossil fuel and the increase of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), hydroflurocarbon (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) worldwide are the catalyst for the interest of many counties towards renewable energy. The rising cost of electricity due to higher demand and less resource also led to the renewable energy venture. One of the most famous renewable energy is solar energy. Unfortunately, renewable energies are dependent on environment conditions, too. One of the major problems that affect the output energy of the solar panel is the cloud shadowing problem. Photovoltaic solar and wind hybrid system is capable to reduce the effects of the cloud shadowing by harvesting two different energy resources. However, the availability of wind energy harvesting has shown its instability performance. In this work, the photovoltaic solar array of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system to maximize the output energy of the solar panel is examined experimentally. The solar array is connected in series and parallel configurations, and is experimented under different partical-shadowed conditions. The experimentation is done to develop a solar array that has a minimum effect towards this type of occurances. Experimental results proved that the parallel configured solar panel has showed less influence by the cloud shadowing as compared to the single one.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Solar Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Gridijtsrd
Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Grid tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable MATLAB modeling has been used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 2 MW wind turbines and 2.5 MW solar PV was evaluated. Shahid Ahmad Malik | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38452.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38452/solarwind-hybrid-generation-system-integration-with-grid/shahid-ahmad-malik
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid Connected Photo Voltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper presents the design of small scale three phase grid connected system for rural location. The proposed hybrid system includes a 3.5 kW PV panel with a DC DC boost converter with controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT, DC AC inverter with decoupled power controller supplying the load and connected to the grid. The MPPT controller is used to harvest maximum power from the solar panel and decoupled power controller is used for tracking the real and reactive powers and also improves the system stability. MATLAB simulation of the proposed model is carried out to show the effectiveness of grid connected photovoltaic systems. Sheikh Shaheen | Mohd Ilyas "Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33049.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33049/modeling-and-simulation-for-a-35-kw-gridconnected-photovoltaic-power-system/sheikh-shaheen
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
This document discusses the design and analysis of a rooftop solar photovoltaic plant for six buildings on a university campus. It involves using software tools like PV Watts and PvSyst to design the solar systems and calculate expected output. Key aspects covered include panel selection and arrangement, economic considerations, system losses, and layout designs for each building. The goals are to meet part of the energy demand for the buildings and reduce the campus' carbon footprint in line with its sustainability plan.
Bangalore | Jul-16 | Solar power as a tool for emissions mitigations and dev...Smart Villages
Presenter: Jenny Nelson, Phil Sandwell, Chris Emmott, Ned Ekins-Daukes
Grantham Institute & Department of Physics,
Ajay Gambhir, Grantham Institute
Chiara Candelise and Paul Westacott, Centre for Energy Policy
Imperial College London
This document summarizes the status of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications in Malaysia. It discusses that between 1998-2002, Malaysia successfully completed several pilot BIPV projects totaling over 400kWp installed across various buildings. Key lessons learned included addressing issues like roof leakage and lightning protection that are prevalent in the tropical climate. While BIPV system costs in Malaysia have decreased significantly, costs remain relatively high compared to other countries due to components still being imported and lack of local market. The government is now working to further develop BIPV through new programs and a national steering committee on renewable technologies.
Io ct part1-06resg-_control for renewable energy and smart gridsKAIZEN Group Experts
Control is a key enabling technology for deploying renewable energy systems like solar and wind power. Advanced control techniques are needed for the reliable and high-performance operation of these intermittent renewable sources. The smart grid can help facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources by providing enhanced controllability and responsiveness through extensive use of control technologies at all levels of the electric power system.
This document summarizes India's National Solar Mission, which aims to promote solar energy in the country. The mission has three phases running through 2022 with targets to install solar power capacity of 1000 MW by 2013, 4000 MW by 2017, and 20,000 MW by 2022. It also aims to deploy solar thermal collectors, lighting systems, increase manufacturing capacity, and make solar competitive with fossil fuels. The mission will create policies to encourage solar power generation through renewable energy obligations for utilities and declining tariffs for solar power over time. It focuses on both grid-connected solar power and off-grid and decentralized applications to power rural areas and increase energy access.
The ppt gives an overview on recent policy initiatives on Renwable Energy, like cerc\'s new regulation, national solar mission and renewable energy certificate
This document analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of using off-grid solar photovoltaic technology to generate electricity in Peshawar, Pakistan. It finds that while solar PV electricity is currently more expensive than grid electricity, subsidies from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government could help promote solar adoption. The document estimates solar energy production potential in Peshawar and calculates the electricity costs and payback periods for a 10kW residential solar system under different capital cost scenarios. It also analyzes the system's net present value, internal rate of return, investment payback period, and energy payback time. The document concludes that while upfront costs are high, solar PV could ensure cleaner energy and reduce greenhouse
Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System – Lebanon CaseIJERA Editor
The depletion of fossil fuels and their environmental consequences have prompted searching for other sources of energy aiming to global status amelioration. In the recent past, renewable energy sources have been considered as alternatives for the fossil fuel energy sources. The unexpected pattern of natural resources assesses integrated utilization of these sources to provide persistent and reliable power supply to the consumers. The technology’s advantages, requirements and related improvements are underlined and results are generalized. This paper covers the design of a solar and wind based hybrid renewable system presenting calculations and considerations in order to achieve an optimized design. Since hybrid systems performance relies mainly on geographical an d meteorological aspects, the study will consider the case of the Mediterranean area and in particular Lebanon.
Proposal for a 2MW fspv system and e-transportAnkit Singh
This document provides details on a proposed floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) system and electric rickshaw charging facility for a smart city in India. It includes sections on motivation, methodology, system details, cost estimation, and conclusion. The FSPV system would be 2 megawatts located on a southern water body and provide electricity to charge 20 electric rickshaws. The estimated cost is 33.5 crore rupees with an 18 year payback period. The proposal aims to make the city more sustainable and energy independent.
Renewable Energy Technology Opportunities: Responding to Global Energy Challe...Glenn Klith Andersen
The document summarizes the challenges and opportunities in renewable energy technology. It discusses the need to address energy security, economic and environmental issues through increased investment and innovation in renewable technologies like wind, solar and biofuels. The summaries provide data on the current status and future potential of these technologies to meet rising energy demand and reduce carbon emissions in a sustainable manner. National policies and public-private partnerships are needed to accelerate technology development and commercialization.
Making india non fossil fuel based, Types of Renewable Energy Sources, Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Hydro Energy
Tidal Energy
Geothermal Energy and
Biomass Energy
Rooftop Solar - Future for India, Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Rooftop Solar System, Hybrid Systems, CAPEX Model (Capital Expenditure Model), OPEX Model (Operating Expenses Model), Inside the Home of the Future
Self Electricity Generation and Energy Saving By Solar Using Programmable Sys...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Session3 renewable energy and energy efficiency and present and future strate...RCREEE
This document discusses JICA's activities in renewable energy and energy efficiency in Egypt. It provides an overview of JICA, outlines Japan's ongoing RE and EE projects in Egypt totaling over $1.1 billion, and discusses future strategies. Key points include:
- JICA provides technical cooperation, ODA loans, and grant aid to support developing countries. In Egypt, it emphasizes energy, food, environment, and growth resources.
- Ongoing projects include the Zafarana wind farm, Kuraymat solar thermal plant, and various transmission projects. New projects under formulation include wind farms in Gulf of El Zayt and the Nile Valley.
- Future strategies include continuing support for governmental
Attempting to reduce the existing electricity consumption bill, as well as the stability and non-outage grid recharge with the lowest possible cost and suitable quality, is one of the most important goals for those interested in energy around the world. This paper study the circumstances surrounding the Egyptian society to find the best solutions to a achieved this goals, and it was found that solar energy is one of the best alternatives available for energy. Firstly will be study the electricity consumption bill, slice prices and a program was made to calculate the consumption invoice moreover another program for quick estimation to the proposed solar system.The proposed system provides a smart integration between the solar system and grid, where the supply sustainability and the optimal cost are considered. This configuration allows the two sources separately or simultaneously supply the loads depending on photovoltaic extracted energy. Operational analysis of the proposed system will discussed in this paper. The proposed system consists of solar cells, charge controller, batteries and inverter plugged to automatic transfer switches (ATS) using Programmable Logic Control (PLC). The system grantee a safe and reliable load feeding independently on the grid status. The system durability is the most depicted feature through the modelling and experimentally results. A typical case studies for about four years of non-outages photovoltaic-grid hybrid supply (the implemented system) will be presented and discussed.
The March 11, 2011 disaster created the need to review Japan’s energy architecture. We believe that it will take about 10 years for Japan to fully decide on a new energy and electricity architecture, and it will take about 3 years to reach decisions on the future of Japan’s nuclear power generation. Japan has taken a careful approach towards the development of renewable power, and renewable power - except for hydropower - is substantially lower than in most other advanced countries. Japan’s potential for renewable energy is very high, especially wind and geo-thermal power, and will required substantial changes in laws and regulations, and a decentralized and democratic approach to grid management. Necessary liberalization of Japan’s electricity markets is in preparation, and we will see a rapid development of renewable energy. This report reviews the current situation and the future potential of renewable electrical power in Japan.
Major depletion of fossil fuel and the increase of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), hydroflurocarbon (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) worldwide are the catalyst for the interest of many counties towards renewable energy. The rising cost of electricity due to higher demand and less resource also led to the renewable energy venture. One of the most famous renewable energy is solar energy. Unfortunately, renewable energies are dependent on environment conditions, too. One of the major problems that affect the output energy of the solar panel is the cloud shadowing problem. Photovoltaic solar and wind hybrid system is capable to reduce the effects of the cloud shadowing by harvesting two different energy resources. However, the availability of wind energy harvesting has shown its instability performance. In this work, the photovoltaic solar array of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system to maximize the output energy of the solar panel is examined experimentally. The solar array is connected in series and parallel configurations, and is experimented under different partical-shadowed conditions. The experimentation is done to develop a solar array that has a minimum effect towards this type of occurances. Experimental results proved that the parallel configured solar panel has showed less influence by the cloud shadowing as compared to the single one.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Solar Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Gridijtsrd
Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Grid tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable MATLAB modeling has been used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 2 MW wind turbines and 2.5 MW solar PV was evaluated. Shahid Ahmad Malik | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38452.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38452/solarwind-hybrid-generation-system-integration-with-grid/shahid-ahmad-malik
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid Connected Photo Voltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This paper presents the design of small scale three phase grid connected system for rural location. The proposed hybrid system includes a 3.5 kW PV panel with a DC DC boost converter with controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT, DC AC inverter with decoupled power controller supplying the load and connected to the grid. The MPPT controller is used to harvest maximum power from the solar panel and decoupled power controller is used for tracking the real and reactive powers and also improves the system stability. MATLAB simulation of the proposed model is carried out to show the effectiveness of grid connected photovoltaic systems. Sheikh Shaheen | Mohd Ilyas "Modeling and Simulation for a 3.5 Kw Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33049.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33049/modeling-and-simulation-for-a-35-kw-gridconnected-photovoltaic-power-system/sheikh-shaheen
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
This document discusses the design and analysis of a rooftop solar photovoltaic plant for six buildings on a university campus. It involves using software tools like PV Watts and PvSyst to design the solar systems and calculate expected output. Key aspects covered include panel selection and arrangement, economic considerations, system losses, and layout designs for each building. The goals are to meet part of the energy demand for the buildings and reduce the campus' carbon footprint in line with its sustainability plan.
Bangalore | Jul-16 | Solar power as a tool for emissions mitigations and dev...Smart Villages
Presenter: Jenny Nelson, Phil Sandwell, Chris Emmott, Ned Ekins-Daukes
Grantham Institute & Department of Physics,
Ajay Gambhir, Grantham Institute
Chiara Candelise and Paul Westacott, Centre for Energy Policy
Imperial College London
This document summarizes the status of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications in Malaysia. It discusses that between 1998-2002, Malaysia successfully completed several pilot BIPV projects totaling over 400kWp installed across various buildings. Key lessons learned included addressing issues like roof leakage and lightning protection that are prevalent in the tropical climate. While BIPV system costs in Malaysia have decreased significantly, costs remain relatively high compared to other countries due to components still being imported and lack of local market. The government is now working to further develop BIPV through new programs and a national steering committee on renewable technologies.
Io ct part1-06resg-_control for renewable energy and smart gridsKAIZEN Group Experts
Control is a key enabling technology for deploying renewable energy systems like solar and wind power. Advanced control techniques are needed for the reliable and high-performance operation of these intermittent renewable sources. The smart grid can help facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources by providing enhanced controllability and responsiveness through extensive use of control technologies at all levels of the electric power system.
Performance Indicators For Grid-Connected PV Systems: A Case Study In Casabla...IOSRJEEE
The main goal of this paper is to compare a one year performance of 5.94 KWp grid-connected PV module technology systems, constituted by three types of photovoltaic solar panels (Monocrystalline (mc-Si) (2.04KWp), polycrystalline (pc-Si) (2.04KWp) and amorphous (a-Si) (1.86 KWp))-silicon installed on the roof of the faculty of science Ben M’sik Casablanca. The study is based on the data collected along 2 years (2015- 2016) about energy production. The elements of performance evaluated monthly and annually include: energy output, system efficiency, reference yield, final yield, performance ratio, annual capacity factor and CO2 emissions avoided. The investigation of the annual: productivity (EAC,Y), system efficiency (Ƞ푠푦푠 ,푌 ), performance ratio (PR), capacity factor (CF) and amount of CO2 emissions avoided for a-Si are found as 2941.15KWh, 7.21%, 73.1%, 18.05% and 1.765tonsrespectively. EAC,Y, Ƞ푠푦푠,푌 , PR, CF and amount of CO2 emissions avoided for pc-Si are found as 3331.15KWh, 11.4%, 75.6%, 18.64% and 1.999tons respectively. Mc-Si installation exhibits slightly higher values of EAC,Y, Ƞ푠푦푠 ,푌 , PR, CF and amount of CO2 emissions avoided which are 3370.89KWh, 11.7%, 76.7%, 18.86% and 2.023tons respectively. The results show that mc-Si system presents the best performance followed by pc-Si and by a-Si. In addition, a developed study was carried out to establish the relation between the efficiency and temperature, performance ratios and radiation, in order to know the behavior of each technology for each period of the year and for the whole year. Without forgetting a comparison of all results found with the previous studies in different locations.
A Review Paper On Electricity Generation From Solar EnergyKatie Robinson
This document provides a review of electricity generation from solar energy. It discusses that solar energy is a renewable resource that can be harnessed from sunlight. The document outlines the working of solar energy systems which involve converting sunlight to direct current via solar panels, and then using a charge controller, battery storage, and inverter to convert the power to alternating current. It describes the various components involved in solar energy systems from the solar cell level up to solar arrays. Applications of solar energy and advantages like being free and renewable are also summarized. In conclusion, the document discusses that solar energy research promises a future with solar meeting high energy demand.
Techno_Economic_Analysis_of_Solar_Hybrid_System_for_Residential_Sector.pdfAarthi Venkatesh N
This document analyzes the technical and economic performance of grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems with battery storage for residential consumers in India. Load profiles of two consumers with identical solar capacity but different usage patterns are examined. Resizing the battery storage to 6 hours of backup reduces grid dependency and lowers electricity bills, especially during peak pricing hours. While the levelized cost of energy is the same for both consumers, the payback period differs due to varying annual savings from load patterns and time-of-day electricity pricing. Increasing battery storage capacity and reducing payback times can encourage more residential consumers to adopt solar energy to meet their needs.
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources for domestic purposes. The system combines vertical axis wind turbines, solar panels, and a pico-hydro system to generate dispatchable electric power. It stores the generated power in batteries which can then be used to power devices like CFLs, radios, and fans. A hybrid system is more economical than individual wind, solar, or hydro systems and provides continuous power without fluctuations by integrating the different renewable sources. The document describes the working of each component and concludes by discussing the advantages like rural electrification, continuous power supply, and reduced maintenance compared to traditional systems.
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
Solarcentury Africa Hybrid Brochure 0216Daniel Davies
Solar power systems can provide electricity to mining operations located in remote areas with abundant sunshine. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity that can power equipment and reduce reliance on expensive diesel generators. When paired with batteries, hybrid solar+storage systems allow generators to be switched off for periods of time, maximizing fuel savings. Fuel controllers ensure generators run above a minimum load to integrate solar power efficiently with backup power sources. As solar technology matures and costs decline, solar is becoming a economically viable primary or supplemental power solution for mining.
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
A Systematic Review of Renewable Energy Trend.pdfssuser793b4e
This paper systematically and successfully reviewed the renewable energy trend from 2010 to 2023. This review
detailed the difference renewable energy and conclusion was drawn that solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has the
leading trend in power generation growth and innovation. This research work explained in detail the most recent
solar photovoltaic optimization techniques and it was observed from the review that hybridization of intelligent and
non-intelligent maximum power point tracking technique has the best tracking power conversion efficiency. The
advantages and disadvantage of solar PV together with the solar optimization and innovational growth trends were
examined. This research showed that clean and renewable energy sources will continue to grow and the solar energy
industry is expected to experience significant growth and rapid innovation in the next 10 years. From the observed
rapid growth and innovation trend in solar energy, the world will have a very cheap, abundant and clean energy
before 2050.
This document is a project report submitted by five students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. It analyzes a solar photovoltaic system using buck and boost converters. The report includes an introduction that discusses renewable energy sources and trends. It also reviews literature on maximum power point tracking techniques. Components of standalone PV systems and modeling of PV cells are described. Finally, the operation and simulation of PV systems connected to buck and boost converters are explained.
This document describes a project on hierarchical architecture for a microgrid system using solar and wind energy sources. It includes an introduction describing distributed power generation and the suitability of renewable sources. Block diagrams and simulations of photovoltaic solar cells and wind power generation are presented. Hardware results show an inverter circuit and rotating solar panels producing 80V output. The conclusion states that renewable sources provide clean energy while reducing pollution.
IRJET-Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Vehicles Charging Sta...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system using solar and wind energy to power an electric vehicle charging station and street lighting system. The system would use photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine to generate electricity, with a multilevel inverter to convert the DC power to AC and connect it to the electric grid. When renewable energy generation is insufficient, power would be drawn from the grid. The document provides background on hybrid renewable energy systems and the advantages they provide over individual solar or wind systems. It also outlines the major components of the proposed system and presents equations to calculate the power generated from the solar panels and wind turbine. The aim is to establish a reliable renewable energy source for the charging station and street lights
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
A Review on Fuzzy-GA Based Controller for Power Flow Control in Grid Connecte...Yayah Zakaria
Now-a-days Renewable Energy Sources became an alternative to meet the increasing load demand because they are environmental friendly and also available abundant in nature. Among the Renewable Energy Sources, the Photo Voltaic (PV) System is gaining more attention due abundant availability of solar energy. The Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique
is used to extract maximum power from the Photo Voltaic (PV) Array. When there is a need to transfer bulk amount of power from PV Array to Power Grid, the power quality issues, especially the real and reactive power flow problems, are a major concern. In this paper a novel control technique was
proposed to control the power flow and to deal with power quality issues that arise when PV Array is integrated with power grid. It consists of a Fuzzy-GA based Cascaded Controller fed Flexible AC Transmission System device, namely Unified Power Flow Controller, for effective control of real and reactive power flow in grid connected photovoltaic system. The output of the
Fuzzy Logic Controller is a control vector which is fine tuned by using Genetic Algorithm approach.
A Review on Fuzzy-GA Based Controller for Power Flow Control in Grid Connecte...IJECEIAES
Now-a-days Renewable Energy Sources became an alternative to meet the increasing load demand because they are environmental friendly and also available abundant in nature. Among the Renewable Energy Sources, the Photo Voltaic (PV) System is gaining more attention due abundant availability of solar energy. The Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique is used to extract maximum power from the Photo Voltaic (PV) Array. When there is a need to transfer bulk amount of power from PV Array to Power Grid, the power quality issues, especially the real and reactive power flow problems, are a major concern. In this paper a novel control technique was proposed to control the power flow and to deal with power quality issues that arise when PV Array is integrated with power grid. It consists of a Fuzzy-GA based Cascaded Controller fed Flexible AC Transmission System device, namely Unified Power Flow Controller, for effective control of real and reactive power flow in grid connected photovoltaic system. The output of the Fuzzy Logic Controller is a control vector which is fine tuned by using Genetic Algorithm approach.
seminar report on optimal placement and optimal sizing of DGkhemraj298
The document discusses distributed generation and voltage stability in power distribution systems. It introduces distributed generation as small-scale power generation located near customers. Benefits include improved reliability, power quality, and economic benefits. Challenges include higher costs and integrating variable generation. Voltage stability ensures acceptable voltage levels across the distribution system. As systems operate closer to capacity, voltage stability becomes important to prevent blackouts from voltage collapse. The document examines static and dynamic voltage stability and factors influencing stability.
Sizing of Hybrid PV/Battery Power System in Sohag cityiosrjce
This paper gives the feasibility analysis of PV- Battery system for an off-grid power station in Sohag
city. Hybrid PV-battery system was used for supplying a combined pumping and residential load. A simple cost
effective method for sizing stand-alone PV hybrid systems was introduced. The aim of sizing hybrid system is to
determine the cost effective PV configuration and to meet the estimated load at minimum cost. This requires
assessing the climate conditions which determine the temporal variation of the insolation in Sohag city. Sizing
of the hybrid system components was investigated using RETscreen and HOMER programs. The sizing software
tools require a set of data on energy resource demand and system specifications. The energy cost values of the
hybrid system agrees reasonably with those published before.
This document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides Merriam-Webster's definition of research as a careful search or investigation to discover new facts or information. Research is defined as a systematic, organized way of finding answers to questions by applying methods and collecting data. The document outlines different types of research such as quantitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, and qualitative research. It also discusses what research methodology entails and provides examples of specific research methods.
Semiconductors have resistivity between conductors and insulators. Silicon is a key semiconductor that has a diamond cubic crystal structure, with each silicon atom covalently bonded to four neighboring silicon atoms. Silicon wafers for integrated circuits are typically cut along the {100} crystallographic plane and notched for orientation.
Egypt has embarked on an ambitious project to build the largest solar photovoltaic plant in the world, known as the Benban project, located in Aswan. The project aims to help address Egypt's 10-year energy crisis by transforming its energy mix to include 20% renewable energy by 2020. However, the project has faced challenges from disputes over arbitration and the impact of Egypt's currency crisis on feed-in tariffs. Investors remain interested in Egypt's renewable energy sector but are closely monitoring how the government navigates these political and economic pressures.
This document outlines Egypt's full scale program for renewable energy. It discusses Egypt's needs for electricity and supply mix, renewable energy policy and targets, and components of the renewable energy program. The program aims to contract 4300 MW of solar and wind energy by 2017. It establishes the legal, regulatory, tariff, contractual and supplementary frameworks to support renewable energy development through mechanisms like feed-in tariffs, competitive bidding, and merchant plants. Key elements include land use agreements, interconnection contracts, power purchase agreements, and government guarantees.
1. The novel Azazeel by Youssef Ziedan provides a fictional account of theological debates in early Christianity through the story of a 5th century Egyptian monk.
2. While the story is compelling, the character of the monk Hypa is not believable as the novel suggests he gave credence to heretical Gnostic gospels, which there is no evidence monks at the time would have.
3. The novel also misrepresents early Christian views on women and sexuality, failing to acknowledge evidence that high views of women were widespread and not universally seen as evil. This undermines the fictional premise of the story.
1. The novel Azazeel by Youssef Ziedan provides a fictional account of 5th century Christian theological debates from the perspective of a monk named Hypa.
2. While the story is compelling and highlights important historical issues, the character of Hypa holds several views that would have been unacceptable to Christians at the time, such as denying that stories have beginnings and endings.
3. The novel also seems to promote an incorrect view that early Christian doctrine was incoherent, and represents Hypa as favoring apocryphal gospels despite a lack of evidence that monks viewed them as credible.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.