2.1 ### uVision Project, (C) Keil Software soln 0x4 ARM-ADS 6090000::V6.9::.\ARMCLANG 1 ARMCM4_FP ARM ARM.CMSIS.5.4.0 http://www.keil.com/pack/ IRAM(0x20000000,0x00020000) IROM(0x00000000,0x00040000) CPUTYPE("Cortex-M4") FPU2 CLOCK(12000000) ESEL ELITTLE UL2CM3(-S0 -C0 -P0 -FD20000000 -FC1000) 0 $$Device:ARMCM4_FP$Device\ARM\ARMCM4\Include\ARMCM4_FP.h 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 .\Objects\ target_sim 1 0 0 1 1 .\Listings\ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 SARMCM3.DLL -MPU DCM.DLL -pCM4 SARMCM3.DLL -MPU TCM.DLL -pCM4 1 0 0 0 16 1 0 0 1 0 -1 1 BIN\UL2CM3.DLL 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 "Cortex-M4" 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 .

1. 2.1
### uVision Project, (C) Keil Software
soln
0x4
ARM-ADS
6090000::V6.9::.ARMCLANG
1
ARMCM4_FP
ARM
ARM.CMSIS.5.4.0
http://www.keil.com/pack/
IRAM(0x20000000,0x00020000)
IROM(0x00000000,0x00040000) CPUTYPE("Cortex-M4")
FPU2 CLOCK(12000000) ESEL ELITTLE
UL2CM3(-S0 -C0 -P0 -FD20000000 -FC1000)
0
$$Device:ARMCM4_FP$DeviceARMARMCM4IncludeARM
CM4_FP.h

2. 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
.Objects
target_sim
1
0
0
1
1
.Listings
1
0
0
0
0
0

3. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

4. 0
0
3
1
SARMCM3.DLL
-MPU
DCM.DLL
-pCM4
SARMCM3.DLL
-MPU
TCM.DLL
-pCM4
1
0
0
0
16
1
0
0
1
0
-1
1

5. BINUL2CM3.DLL
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0

6. 0
"Cortex-M4"
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
8
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

7. 0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x20000000
0x20000

8. 1
0x0
0x40000
0
0x0
0x0
1
0x0
0x0
1
0x0
0x0
1
0x0
0x0
1
0x0
0x40000
1
0x0
0x0

9. 0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x0
0x0
0
0x20000000
0x10000
0
0x20010000
0x10000
1
1
0
0
1
0
0

10. 0
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
3
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

11. 1
0
0
0
1
0
0x00000000
0x20000000
Source for soln
140_main.c
1
.source140_main.c
140_asm_functions.s
2

12. .source140_asm_functions.s
::CMSIS
::Compiler
::Device

13. RTEDeviceARMCM4startup_ARMCM4.s
RTEDeviceARMCM4system_ARMCM4.c
RTEDeviceARMCM4_FPstartup_ARMCM4.s
RTEDeviceARMCM4_FPsystem_ARMCM4.c
RTEDeviceSTM32L476VGTxstartup_stm32l476xx.s

14. RTEDeviceSTM32L476VGTxsystem_stm32l4xx.c
1.0
### uVision Project, (C) Keil Software
*.c
*.s*; *.src; *.a*
*.obj; *.o
*.lib
*.txt; *.h; *.inc
*.plm
*.cpp
0
0
0

15. soln
0x4
ARM-ADS
12000000
1
1
0
1
0
1
65535
0
0
0
79
66
8
.Listings
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0

16. 0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
7
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0

17. 1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
BINUL2CM3.DLL
0
ARMRTXEVENTFLAGS
-L70 -Z18 -C0 -M0 -T1
0
DLGDARM
(1010=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1007=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1008=-1,-1,-1,-
1,0)(1009=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)(1012=-1,-1,-1,-1,0)
0

18. ARMDBGFLAGS
-T0
0
UL2CM3
UL2CM3(-S0 -C0 -P0 -FD20000000 -FC1000)
0
0
36
1
9244
0
0
0
0
0
1
.source140_main.c
target_simsource/140_main.c36
1
0
38
1
0
0
0
0
0

19. 0
0
.source140_main.c
0
1
localv,0x0A
1
1
pint
2
1
str
1
1
0x20010000
0
0

20. 0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

21. Source for soln
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
.source140_main.c
140_main.c
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
.source140_asm_functions.s
140_asm_functions.s
0
0

22. ::CMSIS
0
0
0
1
::Compiler
1
0
0
1
::Device
1
0
0
1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define MY_ARRAY_BASE (0x20010000)

23. // Functions defined in a .s file
extern void task5(void);
extern void task6(void);
extern void task7(void);
extern void task10(void);
extern void task11(void);
extern void task12(void);
extern void task13(void);
extern void task14(void);
extern void task15(void);
// Global variable
uint32_t *gPtrArray1, *gPtrArray2;
uint32_t gVar1 = 6, gVar2;
volatile uint32_t gTemp1;

24. volatile uint32_t gTemp2;
int main(void) {
// We configure the RAM into the following two blocks in
"Options for Target..." ->
// "Target" -> "IRAM1 and IRAM2", with the first being
default:
// 1) Starting: 0x20000000; size: 0x10000 (2^16 B = 2^6 kB)
// 2) Starting: 0x20010000; size: 0x10000 (2^16 B = 2^6 kB)
// As a result, we can put our own data starting at
0x20010000.
// Initialize the global pointers
gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00);
gPtrArray2 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x40);
// Task 1. Load, modify, and store of a global var---example
1
gTemp1 = 0x10;
gTemp1 += 1;

25. // Task 2. Load, modify, and store of a global var---example
2
gTemp2 = 0x20;
gTemp2 += (gTemp1<<8);
printf("gTemp1 = 0x%X, gTemp2 = 0x%Xn", gTemp1,
gTemp2);
// Task 3. Load, modify, and store of a local var---example 1
volatile uint32_t lTemp1 = 0x1000;
lTemp1 += 1;
// Task 4. Load, modify, and store of a local var---example 2
volatile uint32_t lTemp2 = 0x2000;
lTemp2 += (lTemp1<<16);
printf("lTemp1 = 0x%X, lTemp2 = 0x%Xn", lTemp1,
lTemp2);

26. // Task 5. LDR pseudo instruction.
task5();
// Task 6. Load/Modify/Store using offset addressing.
gVar1 += 0x10;
task6(); // Task6: perform the above task using assembly
// Task 7. Load/Modify/Store using pseudo instruction.
gVar2 = 0x12345678;
gVar2 += gVar1;
task7(); // Task7: perform the above task using assembly
gVar1 = 6;
// Task 10. Register offset-based addressing---a simple
example.
// Note that this is especially useful for pointer arithmetic
here.

27. for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray1 + i) = (uint32_t)(i*2 + 1); // i is register
offset based
}
// clear the memory for task10 in assembly
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) { *(gPtrArray1 + i) = 0; }
task10(); // task10: perform the above task using assembly
// Task 11. Register offset-based addressing---another simple
example.
// Note that this is especially useful for pointer arithmetic
here.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray2 + i) = (uint32_t)(i*4 + 1);
}
// clear the memory for task11 in assembly
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) { *(gPtrArray2 + i) = 0; }
task11(); // task11: perform the above task using assembly
// Task 12. Register offset-based addressing---more

28. complicated case.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray2 + i) = (*(gPtrArray1 + i))++; // Note that
the input data is changed as well
}
// clear the memory for task12 in assembly
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) { *(gPtrArray2 + i) = 0; }
task12(); // task12: perform the above task using assembly
printf("Task 2 is done.n");
// Task 13. Immediate offset addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
// We use immediate offset addressing twice in the
righthand side of the following
*(gPtrArray2 + i) = *(gPtrArray1) + *(gPtrArray1+1);
gPtrArray1++;
}
// clear the memory for task13 in assembly
gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00); //
Restore the pointer

29. for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) { *(gPtrArray2 + i) = 0; }
task13(); // task13: perform the above task using assembly
gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00); //
Restore the pointer
// Task 14. Immediate offset addressing and pre-index
addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
//*(gPtrArray2 + i) = *(gPtrArray1) + 2 *
(*(++gPtrArray1));
// The above statement can be implemented below to force
the ''sequencing'':
// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_point
uint32_t temp = *(gPtrArray1);
*(gPtrArray2 + i) = temp + 2 * (*(++gPtrArray1));
}
gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00); //
Restore the pointer
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) { *(gPtrArray2 + i) = 0; }
task14(); // task14: perform the above task using assembly

30. gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00); //
Restore the pointer
// Task 15. Post-index addressing and immediate offset
addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
//*(gPtrArray2 + i) = *(gPtrArray1++) + 4 *
(*gPtrArray1);
uint32_t temp = *(gPtrArray1++);
*(gPtrArray2 + i) = temp + 4 * (*gPtrArray1);
}
gPtrArray1 = (uint32_t *)(MY_ARRAY_BASE + 0x00); //
Restore the pointer
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) { *(gPtrArray2 + i) = 0; }
task15(); // task15: perform the above task using assembly
while (1);
}

31. AREA my_fancy_asm_code, CODE, READONLY ;
Define the program area
; Export functions defined in this file. These functions
need to be declared
; in the file calling them.
EXPORT task5
EXPORT task6
EXPORT task7
EXPORT task10
EXPORT task11
EXPORT task12
EXPORT task13
EXPORT task14
EXPORT task15
IMPORT gPtrArray1
IMPORT gPtrArray2

32. IMPORT gVar1
IMPORT gVar2
ALIGN ; Align the data in the boundary of 4
bytes.
task5 PROC
LDR r0, =0x10 ; Pseudo code; see the disassembly
for the true code
LDR r1, =0x12345678 ; Pseudo code; see the
disassembly for the true code
LDR r2, =gVar1 ; Loading the address of the global
variable gVar1
LDR r3, =gPtrArray1 ; Loading the address of the
global variable gPtrArray1
BX lr
ENDP
task6 PROC
LDR r0, =0x10 ; Pseudo code; see the disassembly
for the true code

33. LDR r1, =gVar1 ; Loading the address of the global
variable gVar1
LDR r2, [r1]
ADD r0, r2
STR r0, [r1]
BX lr
ENDP
task7 PROC
LDR r0, =0x12345678 ; Pseudo code; see the
disassembly for the true code
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
ADD r0, r1
LDR r2, =gVar2 ; Loading the address of the global
variable gVar2
STR r0, [r2]
BX lr
ENDP

34. task10 PROC
LDR r0, =gPtrArray1 ; Loading the address of the
global variable gPtrArray1
LDR r0, [r0] ; Loading the content of the global
variable gPtrArray1
LDR r1, =gVar1 ; Loading the address of the global
variable gVar1
LDR r1, [r1] ; Loading the content of the global
variable gVar1
MOV r2, #0 ; variable (int) i
task10_loop
CMP r2, r1 ; test = r2 - r1
BGE task10_end ; if test >= 0, then branch to
task10_end
MOV r3, r2, LSL #1 ; r3 <- 2 * r2
ADD r3, #1 ; r3 <- r3 + 1
STR r3, [r0, r2, LSL #2] ; r3 -> mem[r0 + 4*r2] or r3 ->
mem[r0 + i]
ADD r2, #1 ; r2 <- r2 + 1
B task10_loop ; branch to task10_loop
task10_end

35. BX lr ; return
ENDP
; If you need to use registers starting from r4, you need to
PUSH them first to save the
; run-time environment for the caller. You need to POP them up
at the exit of the code.
task11 PROC
LDR r0, =gPtrArray2
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
MOV r2, #0
task11_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task11_end
MOV r3, r2, LSL #2
ADD r3, #1

36. STR r3, [r0, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1
B task11_loop
task11_end
BX lr
ENDP
task12 PROC
PUSH {r4, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray1
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray2
LDR r4, [r4]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
MOV r2, #0
task12_loop
CMP r2, r1

37. BGE task12_end
LDR r3, [r0, r2, LSL #2]
STR r3, [r4, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r3, #1
STR r3, [r0, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1
B task12_loop
task12_end
POP {r4, pc} ; Pop lr to pc, which is the same as BX
lr.
ENDP
task13 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray1
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray2
LDR r4, [r4]

38. LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
SUB r1, #1
MOV r2, #0
task13_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task13_end
LDR r3, [r0]
LDR r5, [r0, #4]
ADD r3, r5
STR r3, [r4, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1
ADD r0, #4
B task13_loop
task13_end
POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP

39. task14 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray1
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray2
LDR r4, [r4]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
SUB r1, #1
MOV r2, #0
task14_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task14_end
LDR r3, [r0]
LDR r5, [r0, #4]!
ADD r3, r5, LSL #1
STR r3, [r4, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1

40. B task14_loop
task14_end
POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP
task15 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray1
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray2
LDR r4, [r4]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
SUB r1, #1
MOV r2, #0
task15_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task15_end

41. LDR r3, [r0], #4
LDR r5, [r0]
ADD r3, r5, LSL #2
STR r3, [r4, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1
B task15_loop
task15_end
POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP
END ; End of the entire file
AREA my_fancy_asm_code, CODE, READONLY ;
Define the program area
; Export functions defined in this file. These functions
need to be declared
; in the file calling them.
EXPORT task10

42. EXPORT task11
EXPORT task12
EXPORT task13
EXPORT task14
EXPORT task15
IMPORT gPtrArray10a
IMPORT gPtrArray11a
IMPORT gPtrArray12a
IMPORT gPtrArray13a
IMPORT gPtrArray14a
IMPORT gPtrArray15a
IMPORT gVar1
ALIGN ; Align the data in the boundary of 4
bytes.
task10 PROC
LDR r0, =gPtrArray10a ; Loading the address of the

43. global variable gPtrArray10a
LDR r0, [r0] ; Loading the content of the global
variable gPtrArray10a
LDR r1, =gVar1 ; Loading the address of the global
variable gVar1
LDR r1, [r1] ; Loading the content of the global
variable gVar1
MOV r2, #0 ; variable (int) i
task10_loop
CMP r2, r1 ; test = r2 - r1
BGE task10_end ; if test >= 0, then branch to
task10_end
MOV r3, r2, LSL #2 ; r3 <- r2 * 4
SUB r3, #15 ; r3 <- r3 - 15
STRB r3, [r0, r2] ; r3 -> mem[r0 + r2] or r3 ->
mem[r0 + i]
ADD r2, #1 ; r2 <- r2 + 1
B task10_loop ; branch to task10_loop
task10_end
BX lr ; return
ENDP

44. ; If you need to use registers starting from r4, you need to
PUSH them first to save the
; run-time environment for the caller. You need to POP them up
at the exit of the code.
task11 PROC
BX lr
ENDP
task12 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray10a
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray12a
LDR r4, [r4]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
MOV r2, #0

45. task12_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task12_end
LDRSB r3, [r0, r2]
LDR r5, =10
SUB r5, r3
STRH r5, [r4, r2, LSL #1]
ADD r3, #1
STRB r3, [r0, r2]
ADD r2, #1
B task12_loop
task12_end
POP {r4-r5, pc} ; Pop lr to pc, which is the same as
BX lr.
ENDP
task13 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}

46. POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP
task14 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
LDR r0, =gPtrArray12a
LDR r0, [r0]
LDR r4, =gPtrArray14a
LDR r4, [r4]
LDR r1, =gVar1
LDR r1, [r1]
SUB r1, #1
MOV r2, #0
task14_loop
CMP r2, r1
BGE task14_end
LDRSH r3, [r0]
LDRSH r5, [r0, #2]!

47. ADD r3, r5, LSL #3
STR r3, [r4, r2, LSL #2]
ADD r2, #1
B task14_loop
task14_end
POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP
task15 PROC
PUSH {r4-r5, lr}
POP {r4-r5, pc}
ENDP
END
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

48. #define MY_ARRAY_BASE (0x20010000)
// Functions defined in a .s file
extern void task10(void);
extern void task11(void);
extern void task12(void);
extern void task13(void);
extern void task14(void);
extern void task15(void);
// Global variable
// Pointers for the C version.
int8_t *gPtrArray10c = (int8_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x00);
uint8_t *gPtrArray11c = (uint8_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x40);
int16_t *gPtrArray12c = (int16_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x80);
uint16_t *gPtrArray13c = (uint16_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0xC0);

49. int32_t *gPtrArray14c = (int32_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x100);
uint32_t *gPtrArray15c = (uint32_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x140);
// Pointers for the asm version.
int8_t *gPtrArray10a = (int8_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x20);
uint8_t *gPtrArray11a = (uint8_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x60);
int16_t *gPtrArray12a = (int16_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0xA0);
uint16_t *gPtrArray13a = (uint16_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0xE0);
int32_t *gPtrArray14a = (int32_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x120);
uint32_t *gPtrArray15a = (uint32_t *) (MY_ARRAY_BASE +
0x160);
int8_t gVar1 = 8;
int main(void) {
// Task 10. Register offset-based addressing---a simple
example.

50. for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray10c + i) = (int8_t)(i*4 - 15); // i is saved in a
register
}
task10(); // task10: perform the above task using
assembly
// Task 11. Register offset-based addressing---another simple
example.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray11c + i) = (uint8_t)(i*32 + 2);
}
task11(); // task11: perform the above task using
assembly
// Task 12. Register offset-based addressing---more
complicated case.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1; i++) {
*(gPtrArray12c + i) = 10 - (*(gPtrArray10c + i))++;
} // Note that the input data is changed as well in
the above line

51. task12(); // task12: perform the above task using
assembly
// Task 13. Immediate offset addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
// We use immediate offset addressing twice below
(righthand side)
*(gPtrArray13c + i) = *(gPtrArray11c) +
*(gPtrArray11c+1);
gPtrArray11c++;
}
task13(); // task13: perform the above task using assembly
// Task 14. Immediate offset addressing and pre-index
addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
uint32_t temp = *(gPtrArray12c);
*(gPtrArray14c + i) = temp + 8 * (*(++gPtrArray12c));
}
task14(); // task14: perform the above task using assembly

52. // Task 15. Post-index addressing and immediate offset
addressing.
for (int i = 0; i < gVar1-1; i++) {
uint32_t temp = *(gPtrArray13c++);
*(gPtrArray15c + i) = temp + 16 * (*gPtrArray13c);
}
task15(); // task15: perform the above task using assembly
while (1);
}