國際能源總署(IEA)每年定期公布「潔淨能源技術發展進程追蹤報告」(Tracking Clean Energy Progress, TCEP),過往主要是探討各技術是否符合IEA永續發展情境(Sustainable Development Scenario, SDS)所需趨勢;今年(2022年)則因應全球淨零排放,係針對55項對潔淨能源轉型至關重要的技術探討是否符合IEA 2050淨零路徑規劃軌跡(Net Zero Emission Scenario, NZE) ,並就如何“走上正軌”提供建議。該報告針對各項能源技術,分別提出全球淨零能源技術發展之最新趨勢、發展進程與挑戰、各國相關政策彙整、以及給政策制定者之建議。本報告分享工研院TIMES團隊整理之摘要分析,瞭解國際淨零評估下全球能源發展趨勢。
18. 18Copyright 2019 ITRI 工業技術研究院
瑞典運輸部門排放
• 瑞典從1990年開始施行碳稅,運輸部門2015年僅較1990年減少4%排放,
碳稅效果不顯著。
• 近幾年瑞典反而增加汽油與柴油車註冊輛。
資料來源:Tvinnereim and Mehling (2018)
肆、碳價格減碳效益分析(1/6)
Energy Policy 刊登對碳價制度看法
This article does not argue against using carbon pricing as a
mitigation instrument, but rather to caution against placing too
much faith in a theoretically compelling policy instrument
Tvinnereim and Mehling (2018)
26. 26Copyright 2019 ITRI 工業技術研究院
參考資料
1. Carl, J., and Fedor, D. (2016) Tracking Global Carbon Revenues: A survey of
Carbon Taxes versus Cap-and-trade in the Real World. Energy Policy, 96, pp.
50–77.
2. IPCC, Global Warming of 1.5°C, 2018。
3. Meckling,J., Kelsey, N., Biber, E,. and Zysman, J. (2015) Winning Coalitions for
Climate Policy, Science. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6253/1170
4. Stiglitz, J.E., Stern, N., Duan, M., Edenhofer, O., Giraud, G., Heal, G., Lèbre la
Rovere, E., Morris, A., Moyer, E., Pangestu, M., Shukla, P.R., Sokona, Y.,
Winkler, H., 2017. Report of the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices.
World Bank, Washington, DC.
5. Tvinnereima, E., and Mehling, M. (2019) Carbon Pricing and Deep
Decarbonisation. Energy Policy, 121, pp. 185-189.
6. World Bank (2016) State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2016.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25160
7. World Bank (2019) State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31755