This document summarizes a study that examined differences in entrepreneurial determination between Malaysian and Indonesian university students. The study surveyed 778 students from 5 Malaysian and 6 Indonesian universities. It found that entrepreneurial determination was moderately high among respondents from both countries. However, entrepreneurial determination differed significantly between genders among Malaysian students, with male students showing higher levels, though this difference was not observed among Indonesian students. The study aimed to understand levels of entrepreneurial determination and differences based on country and personal demographics, in order to help foster entrepreneurship among youth in Malaysia and Indonesia.
This document summarizes a study on enhancing graduates' employability skills in Malaysia. The study aims to identify important employability skills for Malaysian graduates, determine the priority of each skill from employers' perspectives, and analyze the gap between skills' perceived importance and employers' satisfaction with graduates' performance. The results show employers perceive graduates as weaker in important skills like communication, especially English proficiency, than the skills' level of importance. Using an importance-performance analysis, 13 skills were identified as important areas for improvement to increase employers' satisfaction.
Demographic Factors as a Predictor of Entrepreneurs’ Success among Micro, Sma...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
An Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Accountancy Business and...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research study aimed to assess the core competencies acquired by the ABM senior high school students of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. This assessment was done during their Work Immersion at ASKI Group of Companies, Inc. Corporate Office located at 105 Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The study revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that students were already knowledgeable when it comes to different areas like common terminologies used in a workplace. It also shows that they are already skilled and possessed qualities needed to be competent. However, some respondents mentioned that some students still cannot analyze problem effectively and were not able to demonstrate good judgment in handling routine problems.
Abstract- This study aims to determine and classify the barriers experienced by students to start entrepreneurship. This type of research is exploratory. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling with a total sample of 262 people. The Data analysis technique used is Factor Analysis. The collected data is processed statistically using SPSS version 24.0. The result of the research shows that there are seven new factors that can hamper the students to start the business, first the basic ability of entrepreneurship, the two factors of striving, the three factors of future uncertainty, the four factors of courage, the five resource factors, the six risk factors, the seven information factors.
mm bagali....... skills phD..... Skills..... Competency .........Skills synop...dr m m bagali, phd in hr
This document provides details about a final synopsis submitted for a research study on "Bridging Employability Gaps in the Higher Education Space related to Management Sciences". It includes an introduction outlining the growing number of MBA graduates in India but low employability rates. It also summarizes literature reviewing employability gaps and skills mismatches between management education and industry needs. The synopsis then outlines the research problem, objectives, hypotheses, design, and expected outcomes of the study.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
A Study on Identification of the Employability Skills Level among Arts and Sc...inventionjournals
This study examines the employability skills level of arts and science college students in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. It aims to determine the relationship between employability skills and parents' education. Data was collected through questionnaires from 140 students across 5 colleges. Structural equation modeling found a positive correlation between leadership skills and parents' education. Overall, the study found students lacked problem-solving and interpersonal skills. It suggests colleges work to develop employability skills like these, and that parents play a role in career guidance and skill-building to help students' career success.
How Organizational Climate Influences Job Satisfaction in Educational Sector ...inventionjournals
The study aims in determining the organizational climate that would result in job satisfaction among academic staff in educational settings. Adequate literature on organizational climate and job satisfaction was reviewed. Findings results into the factors that contribute to shape culture, and its results into a framework, to encompass manifestations of organizational culture in relation to academic excellence. Further researchers can use this conceptual model to include few more pre cursors to outcomes to it, also this model can be tested empirically
This document summarizes a study on enhancing graduates' employability skills in Malaysia. The study aims to identify important employability skills for Malaysian graduates, determine the priority of each skill from employers' perspectives, and analyze the gap between skills' perceived importance and employers' satisfaction with graduates' performance. The results show employers perceive graduates as weaker in important skills like communication, especially English proficiency, than the skills' level of importance. Using an importance-performance analysis, 13 skills were identified as important areas for improvement to increase employers' satisfaction.
Demographic Factors as a Predictor of Entrepreneurs’ Success among Micro, Sma...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
An Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Accountancy Business and...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research study aimed to assess the core competencies acquired by the ABM senior high school students of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. This assessment was done during their Work Immersion at ASKI Group of Companies, Inc. Corporate Office located at 105 Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The study revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that students were already knowledgeable when it comes to different areas like common terminologies used in a workplace. It also shows that they are already skilled and possessed qualities needed to be competent. However, some respondents mentioned that some students still cannot analyze problem effectively and were not able to demonstrate good judgment in handling routine problems.
Abstract- This study aims to determine and classify the barriers experienced by students to start entrepreneurship. This type of research is exploratory. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling with a total sample of 262 people. The Data analysis technique used is Factor Analysis. The collected data is processed statistically using SPSS version 24.0. The result of the research shows that there are seven new factors that can hamper the students to start the business, first the basic ability of entrepreneurship, the two factors of striving, the three factors of future uncertainty, the four factors of courage, the five resource factors, the six risk factors, the seven information factors.
mm bagali....... skills phD..... Skills..... Competency .........Skills synop...dr m m bagali, phd in hr
This document provides details about a final synopsis submitted for a research study on "Bridging Employability Gaps in the Higher Education Space related to Management Sciences". It includes an introduction outlining the growing number of MBA graduates in India but low employability rates. It also summarizes literature reviewing employability gaps and skills mismatches between management education and industry needs. The synopsis then outlines the research problem, objectives, hypotheses, design, and expected outcomes of the study.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
A Study on Identification of the Employability Skills Level among Arts and Sc...inventionjournals
This study examines the employability skills level of arts and science college students in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. It aims to determine the relationship between employability skills and parents' education. Data was collected through questionnaires from 140 students across 5 colleges. Structural equation modeling found a positive correlation between leadership skills and parents' education. Overall, the study found students lacked problem-solving and interpersonal skills. It suggests colleges work to develop employability skills like these, and that parents play a role in career guidance and skill-building to help students' career success.
How Organizational Climate Influences Job Satisfaction in Educational Sector ...inventionjournals
The study aims in determining the organizational climate that would result in job satisfaction among academic staff in educational settings. Adequate literature on organizational climate and job satisfaction was reviewed. Findings results into the factors that contribute to shape culture, and its results into a framework, to encompass manifestations of organizational culture in relation to academic excellence. Further researchers can use this conceptual model to include few more pre cursors to outcomes to it, also this model can be tested empirically
Government of India have initiated and introduced number of entrepreneurial and technopreneurial events to promote business policy and induce the interest of the young generation of the nation to become an employment providers. Unique spirit of economic support is now moving the country and bringing changes. A sequence of motivated economic reforms targeted the universe and stimulating foreign share has moved India into the top rank of the rapidly growing country in Asia and Pacific region. Startup has released the hidden strengths of our peoples and transforming the nation with trigging force. India’s dynamic and highly competitive private sector has long been the backbone of its economic activity. Technology and entrepreneurship are becoming the slogans of the new millennium. In this study, we focussed on the enormous activities which are ongoing in research and development areas and platforms for new technologies and also resulting into the institutional background of innovating technologies.
HRM in Higher Education: The Need of the Houriosrjce
This document discusses the need for human resource management (HRM) functions in higher education institutions. It outlines how HRM has evolved from an administrative to a strategic function in organizations. While universities provide education in HRM, most do not apply these practices effectively to their own human resource management. The document argues that universities need dedicated HRM departments to handle strategic functions like recruitment, training, performance evaluation, compensation, and employee relations. This would help universities attract and retain top talent, boost performance, and gain a competitive advantage over other institutions in the changing landscape of higher education.
The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business ...ijtsrd
Universities play a major role in producing entrepreneurs. Until recently, fostering innovations and new product development through entrepreneurship has not been regarded as a primary task of universities. Although the graduates are given the education on entrepreneurship, it is reported that they have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions among the undergraduates impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize more on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. D G M P M Gamage | R H G W P K Henegedara ""The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Courses in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25175/the-entrepreneurial-intentions-among-the-undergraduates-involved-in-business-administration-and-entrepreneurship-courses-in-sri-lanka/d-g-m-p-m-gamage
Downcast Enrollments: A Desperate Need of Holistic Marketing for Technical Ed...Prashant Mahajan
The document discusses marketing and promotion strategies for technical education institutions in India. It notes that while technical education has grown rapidly, many seats remain vacant each year. The purpose is to highlight a holistic marketing approach using various promotion mix tools to attract more students. It conducted a survey of current and past students in India's Khandesh region to understand how promotion strategies influence students' choices of technical institutions. The study found relationships between student characteristics and the usefulness of promotion methods like school visits, websites, word-of-mouth, and social media in selecting an institution.
This document summarizes a paper on higher education and employability in India. It finds that the current higher education system in India is not adequately preparing students to be employable, and changes are needed. It discusses issues with the Indian higher education system, including that it produces graduates who lack skills, research standards are low, and it suffers from systemic deficiencies. It also discusses the importance of employability for graduates and the need for higher education to focus on developing understanding and skills beyond just knowledge in specific subjects. Overall, it argues that the Indian higher education system must be reformed to better develop students' skills and prepare them for employment.
Acquired Knowledge, Skills and Abilities of Graduates of Business Administrat...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study was done to find out the current employment status of graduates after acquiring Masteral and Doctorate in Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology for A.Y. 2013-2019. It also described the school- and work-related factors which might affect their employability after getting the degree from NEUST. It also assessed the extent by which work knowledge, skills and abilities thru education have bearing with their current work. Findings showed that the majority of graduates were employed and got promoted. They studied the course primarily for professional advancement, as an institutional requirement and gain management skills. Entrepreneurial and problem-solving skills were the foremost competencies acquired from school. They also found very important the teacher communication skills, professionalism and mastery of the subject to be very relevant too in their education.
Employers’ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergradu...Thesigan Nadarajan
As coordinator for Bangkok University International (BUI) office of Academic and Professional development that comes under purview of the Dean of BUI, I routinely carry out partnership assessment analyses of universities in different countries. In the process, I have observed how progressive universities creatively change in their undergraduate educational structure according to the demands of the industrial and economic trends in order to remain relevant. One such industrial demand is in the form of the current trend towards the services-centred economy that places more importance on soft skills as one of the criteria for graduate employability. Having technical skills such as in Information Technology (IT) alone does not suffice anymore. Employers are beginning to expect and require the added criteria of soft skills for employment considerations. Even in Malaysia, research findings from studies by researchers like Yusof, H.S.M., Munap, R., Said, N.S.M., Ali, S.R.O., & Mat, K.A., (2017) who in their research entitled, “Employers Perspectives on Graduates Employability Skills: Soft Skills,” proved that there is a positive correlation between soft skills and employee productivity that affects employers perspective on undergraduate employability. Another study by Salleh, K.M., Sulaiman, N.L., Mohamad, M.M., & Sern, L.C., (2016) in their research entitled, “Assessing soft skills components in science and technology programs within Malaysian Technical Universities,” confirms the need for soft skills for the employability of graduates. The objective of this theoretical paper is to highlight current employers’ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss: 1) What are the current employers’ perceptions of soft skills that undergraduates should possess; 2) What are the roles and meanings of soft skills; 3) How individual factors (gender, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (industry, work culture, social stability) influences the development of soft skills; 4) How soft skills can be integrated as part of the formal learning cycle; 5) How soft skills can be integrated as part of individual personality development; and lastly, 6) How to measure soft skills before and after undergraduate employment. It is hoped that this paper will create awareness of the current industrial and employers’ employment expectations, and the meaning and role of soft skill as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability.
Keywords: Soft skills, integrity, communication, courtesy, responsibility, social skills, positive attitude, professionalism, flexibility, teamwork, and work ethic
A comparative study on curriculum profile of management graduates in delhi an...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a comparative study on the curriculum profiles of management graduates in Delhi, India and industry requirements. It aims to identify gaps between the skills and competencies demanded by employers and those taught by university programs. The study will collect data from management graduates, human resource managers, and industry experts through questionnaires. It will analyze the data to determine which employability factors are most important but lacking in university curricula based on the differences between student and industry responses. The goal is to suggest improvements to curriculum that better match industry needs and enhance graduate employability.
This study is aiming to investigate influencing factor of entrepreneurship collaborative learning performances by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling approach (PLS-SEM). A hypothetical conceptual model for improving entrepreneurship learning performance develop based on the previous study, which composed of four enablers called university’s vision and mission, entrepreneurial background lecturer, strong culture and rewards system.The methodology used to test the conceptual model was delivering the questionnaire survey to 72 (seventy two) lecturers in business field. The unit analysis of this study is the universities, both public and private universities in South of Tangerang. Sample was selected using simple random sampling. The questionnaires were developed from the past studies in similar area of entrepreneurship in higher education, before distributed to the respondents. The findings from this study provide insight to construction that the relationships of variable vision and mission to effectiveness have path coefficient value 0.195 and the lecture background is 0.040. Meanwhile, reward and culture shows stronger influence to Entrepreneurship collaborative Learning Effectiveness with the patch coefficient values are 0.296 and 0.335.
The Effect of Constructivistic Learning Models on Entrepreneurial OrientationIJAEMSJORNAL
This research activity was carried out to analyze the influence of constructivist learning models on entrepreneurial orientation. The research population is all Vocational High School students in Malang with proportional random sampling sampling technique and a total sample of 100 students. Primary data was analyzed by structural equation model with Partial Least Square (PLS) data processing program. Based on the results of data analysis revealed that the constructivistic learning model influences the entrepreneurial orientation. It means, the constructivistic learning model really becomes an approach in building mental entrepreneurship.
This study aimed to design an entrepreneurial school model for Iranian education using Mazandaran Province as a case study. Through interviews and questionnaires, the study identified internal and external factors affecting the formation of an entrepreneurial school. These factors included individual, organizational, and environmental abilities and 16 components. Structural equation modeling validated a model showing significant relationships between the components and dimensions. The results provide a conceptual framework for establishing entrepreneurial schools in Iran.
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
HR Academicians were surveyed about their perceptions of HR education. The results showed:
1) Half of HR Academicians have not published any articles in journals, with most publications coming from professors and associate professors.
2) HR Academicians see their role as a mix of teaching, training, and research activities.
3) There is a need to restructure HR management education to improve rigor, relevance, methodology and prepare students for industry with the necessary skills.
This document provides an overview of the education industry in India and discusses key details about the industry. It notes that education in India is provided through both public and private sectors, with free and compulsory education required between ages 6-14. It also discusses the growth of literacy rates in India and increasing enrollment in education. The private education market is large and growing significantly. The document then discusses the structure and regulation of private schools in India and policies around affirmative action and reservations in education.
Job Opportunities and condition in Bangladeshistiuq ahmed
Employment in Bangladesh is dominated by agriculture, which employs 48% of the workforce, followed by industry at 15% and services at 37%. Most people work in the informal sector, with only 22% having formal employment. Many workers, especially women, are unpaid family helpers or self-employed. Educational attainment among the workforce has improved but remains low, with 42% having no education. Universities, employers, and graduates share responsibility for developing professional skills to increase productivity and access to better jobs.
A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSLori Head
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship attitudes among college students. The study assessed college students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship and the barriers they face in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career. It found that most students have a positive view of entrepreneurship, seeing it as economically beneficial, but many are dissatisfied with the infrastructure available in their communities to start new businesses. The study aims to help policymakers develop programs and policies to further promote entrepreneurship among students and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset.
The role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction is well established by prior studies. Hence, one of the ways to address the unemployment issue among young graduates in Malaysia is to explore how entrepreneurial intention could be embraced into the broader context of the country's education system. Empirical research found that prior studies on entrepreneurship education in Malaysia tends to focus on reviewing educational policies, issue and challenges. The concept of the entrepreneurial intention determinants beyond entrepreneurial education remains ambiguous. Hence, this study advances the discussion in entrepreneurship education by reviewing determinants for entrepreneurial intention from holistic perspective by integrating Model of Personality Traits and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Five determinants for entrepreneurial intention are identified from literature review, which are entrepreneurship attitude, subjective norm, behavior control, entrepreneurship education and personality traits. The study is quantitative based, 360 questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduates from three faculties of a public university in Malaysia, with 199 responded. Data was analyzed via Pearson correlation and ANOVA analysis. Finding from the study suggested all the five entrepreneurial determinants are significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention, and there is no significant difference on entrepreneurial intention based on faculty. However, one of the remarkable finding is Entrepreneurship Education is viewed as determinant with the lowest correlation coefficient with entrepreneurial intention. The implication of this finding is perhaps the content of entrepreneurial education shall emphasize on cultivating students’ entrepreneurial attitude, behavioral and personality rather than the theoretical part of entrepreneurial and entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship-Based Course Design: A Case Study of Its Application in Huma...ikhsan setiawan
The advancement and prosperity of a country are, in part, determined by the number of entrepreneurs in that country. Entrepreneurs can help a country’s economy by opening numerous job opportunities. In this respect, higher education institutions are expected to create a great number of entrepreneurs. One of the core components in a higher education activity is a course. Thus, a course should be better designed in such a way that can raise student’s motivation to get involved in entrepreneurial activities. This paper describes the application of an entrepreneurship-based course design in Human Resource Planning and Development (HRPD) course during the even semester of academic year 2014/2015 at Narotama University Surabaya. The most important part of that design is the main assignment that instructs the students to establish their own small business plans which cover vision, mission, and strategy for at least the next five years. After that, they must establish a detailed enough plan to conduct various human resource management activities directed to get qualified employees who can support the business in implementing its strategy. Finally, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of the HRPD course design in enhancing the students’ entrepreneurial motivation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Course Design, Human Resource Management, Student’s Entrepreneurial Motivation
Government of India have initiated and introduced number of entrepreneurial and technopreneurial events to promote business policy and induce the interest of the young generation of the nation to become an employment providers. Unique spirit of economic support is now moving the country and bringing changes. A sequence of motivated economic reforms targeted the universe and stimulating foreign share has moved India into the top rank of the rapidly growing country in Asia and Pacific region. Startup has released the hidden strengths of our peoples and transforming the nation with trigging force. India’s dynamic and highly competitive private sector has long been the backbone of its economic activity. Technology and entrepreneurship are becoming the slogans of the new millennium. In this study, we focussed on the enormous activities which are ongoing in research and development areas and platforms for new technologies and also resulting into the institutional background of innovating technologies.
HRM in Higher Education: The Need of the Houriosrjce
This document discusses the need for human resource management (HRM) functions in higher education institutions. It outlines how HRM has evolved from an administrative to a strategic function in organizations. While universities provide education in HRM, most do not apply these practices effectively to their own human resource management. The document argues that universities need dedicated HRM departments to handle strategic functions like recruitment, training, performance evaluation, compensation, and employee relations. This would help universities attract and retain top talent, boost performance, and gain a competitive advantage over other institutions in the changing landscape of higher education.
The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business ...ijtsrd
Universities play a major role in producing entrepreneurs. Until recently, fostering innovations and new product development through entrepreneurship has not been regarded as a primary task of universities. Although the graduates are given the education on entrepreneurship, it is reported that they have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions among the undergraduates impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize more on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. D G M P M Gamage | R H G W P K Henegedara ""The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Courses in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25175/the-entrepreneurial-intentions-among-the-undergraduates-involved-in-business-administration-and-entrepreneurship-courses-in-sri-lanka/d-g-m-p-m-gamage
Downcast Enrollments: A Desperate Need of Holistic Marketing for Technical Ed...Prashant Mahajan
The document discusses marketing and promotion strategies for technical education institutions in India. It notes that while technical education has grown rapidly, many seats remain vacant each year. The purpose is to highlight a holistic marketing approach using various promotion mix tools to attract more students. It conducted a survey of current and past students in India's Khandesh region to understand how promotion strategies influence students' choices of technical institutions. The study found relationships between student characteristics and the usefulness of promotion methods like school visits, websites, word-of-mouth, and social media in selecting an institution.
This document summarizes a paper on higher education and employability in India. It finds that the current higher education system in India is not adequately preparing students to be employable, and changes are needed. It discusses issues with the Indian higher education system, including that it produces graduates who lack skills, research standards are low, and it suffers from systemic deficiencies. It also discusses the importance of employability for graduates and the need for higher education to focus on developing understanding and skills beyond just knowledge in specific subjects. Overall, it argues that the Indian higher education system must be reformed to better develop students' skills and prepare them for employment.
Acquired Knowledge, Skills and Abilities of Graduates of Business Administrat...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study was done to find out the current employment status of graduates after acquiring Masteral and Doctorate in Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology for A.Y. 2013-2019. It also described the school- and work-related factors which might affect their employability after getting the degree from NEUST. It also assessed the extent by which work knowledge, skills and abilities thru education have bearing with their current work. Findings showed that the majority of graduates were employed and got promoted. They studied the course primarily for professional advancement, as an institutional requirement and gain management skills. Entrepreneurial and problem-solving skills were the foremost competencies acquired from school. They also found very important the teacher communication skills, professionalism and mastery of the subject to be very relevant too in their education.
Employers’ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergradu...Thesigan Nadarajan
As coordinator for Bangkok University International (BUI) office of Academic and Professional development that comes under purview of the Dean of BUI, I routinely carry out partnership assessment analyses of universities in different countries. In the process, I have observed how progressive universities creatively change in their undergraduate educational structure according to the demands of the industrial and economic trends in order to remain relevant. One such industrial demand is in the form of the current trend towards the services-centred economy that places more importance on soft skills as one of the criteria for graduate employability. Having technical skills such as in Information Technology (IT) alone does not suffice anymore. Employers are beginning to expect and require the added criteria of soft skills for employment considerations. Even in Malaysia, research findings from studies by researchers like Yusof, H.S.M., Munap, R., Said, N.S.M., Ali, S.R.O., & Mat, K.A., (2017) who in their research entitled, “Employers Perspectives on Graduates Employability Skills: Soft Skills,” proved that there is a positive correlation between soft skills and employee productivity that affects employers perspective on undergraduate employability. Another study by Salleh, K.M., Sulaiman, N.L., Mohamad, M.M., & Sern, L.C., (2016) in their research entitled, “Assessing soft skills components in science and technology programs within Malaysian Technical Universities,” confirms the need for soft skills for the employability of graduates. The objective of this theoretical paper is to highlight current employers’ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss: 1) What are the current employers’ perceptions of soft skills that undergraduates should possess; 2) What are the roles and meanings of soft skills; 3) How individual factors (gender, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (industry, work culture, social stability) influences the development of soft skills; 4) How soft skills can be integrated as part of the formal learning cycle; 5) How soft skills can be integrated as part of individual personality development; and lastly, 6) How to measure soft skills before and after undergraduate employment. It is hoped that this paper will create awareness of the current industrial and employers’ employment expectations, and the meaning and role of soft skill as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability.
Keywords: Soft skills, integrity, communication, courtesy, responsibility, social skills, positive attitude, professionalism, flexibility, teamwork, and work ethic
A comparative study on curriculum profile of management graduates in delhi an...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a comparative study on the curriculum profiles of management graduates in Delhi, India and industry requirements. It aims to identify gaps between the skills and competencies demanded by employers and those taught by university programs. The study will collect data from management graduates, human resource managers, and industry experts through questionnaires. It will analyze the data to determine which employability factors are most important but lacking in university curricula based on the differences between student and industry responses. The goal is to suggest improvements to curriculum that better match industry needs and enhance graduate employability.
This study is aiming to investigate influencing factor of entrepreneurship collaborative learning performances by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling approach (PLS-SEM). A hypothetical conceptual model for improving entrepreneurship learning performance develop based on the previous study, which composed of four enablers called university’s vision and mission, entrepreneurial background lecturer, strong culture and rewards system.The methodology used to test the conceptual model was delivering the questionnaire survey to 72 (seventy two) lecturers in business field. The unit analysis of this study is the universities, both public and private universities in South of Tangerang. Sample was selected using simple random sampling. The questionnaires were developed from the past studies in similar area of entrepreneurship in higher education, before distributed to the respondents. The findings from this study provide insight to construction that the relationships of variable vision and mission to effectiveness have path coefficient value 0.195 and the lecture background is 0.040. Meanwhile, reward and culture shows stronger influence to Entrepreneurship collaborative Learning Effectiveness with the patch coefficient values are 0.296 and 0.335.
The Effect of Constructivistic Learning Models on Entrepreneurial OrientationIJAEMSJORNAL
This research activity was carried out to analyze the influence of constructivist learning models on entrepreneurial orientation. The research population is all Vocational High School students in Malang with proportional random sampling sampling technique and a total sample of 100 students. Primary data was analyzed by structural equation model with Partial Least Square (PLS) data processing program. Based on the results of data analysis revealed that the constructivistic learning model influences the entrepreneurial orientation. It means, the constructivistic learning model really becomes an approach in building mental entrepreneurship.
This study aimed to design an entrepreneurial school model for Iranian education using Mazandaran Province as a case study. Through interviews and questionnaires, the study identified internal and external factors affecting the formation of an entrepreneurial school. These factors included individual, organizational, and environmental abilities and 16 components. Structural equation modeling validated a model showing significant relationships between the components and dimensions. The results provide a conceptual framework for establishing entrepreneurial schools in Iran.
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
HR Academicians were surveyed about their perceptions of HR education. The results showed:
1) Half of HR Academicians have not published any articles in journals, with most publications coming from professors and associate professors.
2) HR Academicians see their role as a mix of teaching, training, and research activities.
3) There is a need to restructure HR management education to improve rigor, relevance, methodology and prepare students for industry with the necessary skills.
This document provides an overview of the education industry in India and discusses key details about the industry. It notes that education in India is provided through both public and private sectors, with free and compulsory education required between ages 6-14. It also discusses the growth of literacy rates in India and increasing enrollment in education. The private education market is large and growing significantly. The document then discusses the structure and regulation of private schools in India and policies around affirmative action and reservations in education.
Job Opportunities and condition in Bangladeshistiuq ahmed
Employment in Bangladesh is dominated by agriculture, which employs 48% of the workforce, followed by industry at 15% and services at 37%. Most people work in the informal sector, with only 22% having formal employment. Many workers, especially women, are unpaid family helpers or self-employed. Educational attainment among the workforce has improved but remains low, with 42% having no education. Universities, employers, and graduates share responsibility for developing professional skills to increase productivity and access to better jobs.
A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSLori Head
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship attitudes among college students. The study assessed college students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship and the barriers they face in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career. It found that most students have a positive view of entrepreneurship, seeing it as economically beneficial, but many are dissatisfied with the infrastructure available in their communities to start new businesses. The study aims to help policymakers develop programs and policies to further promote entrepreneurship among students and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset.
The role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction is well established by prior studies. Hence, one of the ways to address the unemployment issue among young graduates in Malaysia is to explore how entrepreneurial intention could be embraced into the broader context of the country's education system. Empirical research found that prior studies on entrepreneurship education in Malaysia tends to focus on reviewing educational policies, issue and challenges. The concept of the entrepreneurial intention determinants beyond entrepreneurial education remains ambiguous. Hence, this study advances the discussion in entrepreneurship education by reviewing determinants for entrepreneurial intention from holistic perspective by integrating Model of Personality Traits and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Five determinants for entrepreneurial intention are identified from literature review, which are entrepreneurship attitude, subjective norm, behavior control, entrepreneurship education and personality traits. The study is quantitative based, 360 questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduates from three faculties of a public university in Malaysia, with 199 responded. Data was analyzed via Pearson correlation and ANOVA analysis. Finding from the study suggested all the five entrepreneurial determinants are significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention, and there is no significant difference on entrepreneurial intention based on faculty. However, one of the remarkable finding is Entrepreneurship Education is viewed as determinant with the lowest correlation coefficient with entrepreneurial intention. The implication of this finding is perhaps the content of entrepreneurial education shall emphasize on cultivating students’ entrepreneurial attitude, behavioral and personality rather than the theoretical part of entrepreneurial and entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship-Based Course Design: A Case Study of Its Application in Huma...ikhsan setiawan
The advancement and prosperity of a country are, in part, determined by the number of entrepreneurs in that country. Entrepreneurs can help a country’s economy by opening numerous job opportunities. In this respect, higher education institutions are expected to create a great number of entrepreneurs. One of the core components in a higher education activity is a course. Thus, a course should be better designed in such a way that can raise student’s motivation to get involved in entrepreneurial activities. This paper describes the application of an entrepreneurship-based course design in Human Resource Planning and Development (HRPD) course during the even semester of academic year 2014/2015 at Narotama University Surabaya. The most important part of that design is the main assignment that instructs the students to establish their own small business plans which cover vision, mission, and strategy for at least the next five years. After that, they must establish a detailed enough plan to conduct various human resource management activities directed to get qualified employees who can support the business in implementing its strategy. Finally, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of the HRPD course design in enhancing the students’ entrepreneurial motivation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Course Design, Human Resource Management, Student’s Entrepreneurial Motivation
Entrepreneurship-Based Course Design: A Case Study of Its Application in Huma...ikhsan setiawan
The advancement and prosperity of a country are, in part, determined by the number of entrepreneurs in that country. Entrepreneurs can help a country’s economy by opening numerous job opportunities. In this respect, higher education institutions are expected to create a great number of entrepreneurs. One of the core components in a higher education activity is a course. Thus, a course should be better designed in such a way that can raise student’s motivation to get involved in entrepreneurial activities. This paper describes the application of an entrepreneurship-based course design in Human Resource Planning and Development (HRPD) course during the even semester of academic year 2014/2015 at Narotama University Surabaya. The most important part of that design is the main assignment that instructs the students to establish their own small business plans which cover vision, mission, and strategy for at least the next five years. After that, they must establish a detailed enough plan to conduct various human resource management activities directed to get qualified employees who can support the business in implementing its strategy. Finally, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of the HRPD course design in enhancing the students’ entrepreneurial motivation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Course Design, Human Resource Management, Student’s Entrepreneurial Motivation
This research aimed to find out the constraints occurring in the implementation of craft and entrepreneurship education. This research employed qualitative research method. The research was taken place in three schools in DKI Jakarta as the beneficiaries of entrepreneurship program grant from the government. Data was collected through interview and observation. The result of research showed the less optimum implementation of craft and entrepreneurship education. The constraints the teacher encountered in the implementation of Craft and Entrepreneurship subject were: teacher having no background of Entrepreneurship Education, No Subject Teacher Discussion (MGMP) group available and no supporting activity for Craft and Entrepreneurship subject. Therefore, this research recommended the reinforcement of entrepreneurship education learning through establishing MGMP team, teacher training, and sustainable integration of entrepreneurship subject and program.
The document summarizes a research paper that analyzed how environmental factors, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurship practices influence vocational entrepreneurial teaching practices. It conducted a survey of 340 vocational teachers across six Malaysian states. The results showed that:
1) Environmental factors positively influence the entrepreneurship practices used by vocational teachers.
2) Entrepreneurial orientation mediates the relationship between environmental factors and entrepreneurship practices. Teachers who demonstrate innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking were more likely to use entrepreneurial practices.
3) Teachers' perceptions of institutional support were connected to their implementation of entrepreneurship education. The findings provide implications for enhancing teachers' entrepreneurial orientation and practices.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of students from high school, who are the current generation Z, about the accounting profession. This study uses questionnaires that are shared online with data processing using factor analysis and one way ANOVA different tests. The comparison test was done between indicators of grade, major, school type, as well as variables, which include structure, precision, solitary, interest, and remaining variables. The interest in the accounting profession is found in social students (from high schools) and business administration students (from vocational schools). Other results also show that students in Private Vocational and Public High Schools have the most significant potential to be interested in the accounting profession. This research is limited to different test methods. Future studies can conduct a causal analysis of the factors that influence the choice of students in choosing the accounting profession. This research contributes to the investigation of students' perceptions of the accounting profession, which was conducted for the first time in Indonesia, especially in secondary schools in East Java.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Entrepreneurship Education for Human Resource Development: Study Bibliometricijejournal
The human resource development strategy involves higher education. In this manner, the business course plans to furnish understudies with the abilities required in the realm of work.. However, the success of entrepreneurship education (EE) still cannot meet the expectations of human resource departments in several companies. Student skills only match the needs of SMEs. Through bibliometric analysis, this study seeks to ascertain future research directions on the relationship between (EE) and human resource development (HRD) for improvement. Using "Publish and Perish" and "Mendeley web importer" Publishing trends peaked in 2017 and 2021 with 42 articles. The first rank is occupied by Sustainability (Switzerland) Journal with a total of 31 articles. The quote pattern shows an up-and-down pattern. there are 4 clusters. Clusters 1 and 2 each have 7 items. Clusters 3 & 4 each have 2 items. author collaboration with a minimum number of occurrences of two documents, resulting in 8 authors who are connected consistently. The implication is that the implementation of EE must be reorganized starting from input, process to output in order to meet HR needs. for further research this study suggests new indicators for EE and HRD variables.
Intrapreneurship skill has considered as the alternative learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education. However, entrepreneurship teachers need a complex learning program to develop intrapreneurship among business students. At the same time, The Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia recommends university teachers implement case methods to deliver complex learning environments and build critical skills among students. Therefore, this study aims to i) examine the effect of micro small medium enterprise (MSME) cases on the intrapreneurship of business students, ii) investigate the influence of MSME cases on flow experience in entrepreneurship education and iii) investigate the effect of flow experience during entrepreneurship education on intrapreneurship skill. We used field experiments on entrepreneurship and digital business student in business development courses. The result indicates that the case method effectively developed student intrapreneurship skill and flow experience during the course positively impacting student intrapreneurship skill.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the implementation of an entrepreneurship module called the Basic Entrepreneurship Module (BEM) in community colleges in Malaysia based on input from students and lecturers. The study collected data through questionnaires from 105 students and 42 lecturers. It found that both students and lecturers generally had positive perspectives of the BEM implementation, viewing it as moderately or highly effective. Specifically, lecturers felt moderately high about teaching the BEM, though some felt facilities could be improved. Students strongly agreed they learned new things and saw the BEM as very necessary to develop entrepreneurial skills, viewing its implementation positively overall. The study concludes the BEM had a good reception and could help community college students
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the implementation of an entrepreneurship module called the Basic Entrepreneurship Module (BEM) in community colleges in Malaysia based on input from students and lecturers. The study collected data through questionnaires from 105 students and 42 lecturers. It found that both students and lecturers generally had positive perspectives of the BEM implementation, viewing it as moderately or highly effective. Students reported learning many new things through the BEM and felt adequate time was allocated. Lecturers expressed interest in teaching the BEM but felt facilities could be improved. Overall, the findings indicate that the BEM was successfully implemented according to student and lecturer feedback.
Entrepreneurial education in ethiopian universities current trends and gapsiaemedu
This document summarizes a study on trends and gaps in entrepreneurial education at Dilla University in Ethiopia. The study used mixed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the entrepreneurship curriculum, how the course was delivered, resources available, and impacts on students. Key findings included strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum, current trends and gaps in course delivery and resources, and significant shortcomings. Detailed recommendations were provided to university administrators and instructors. However, the study was limited to one university so findings could not be generalized to all of Ethiopia.
This study is entitled “Employability Indices of Business Graduates in the Banking Industry”. The study was to establish the significant employability indices among business graduates in the banking industry. It sought to identify the significant commonalities and differences in the respondents’ assessment. The methodology used was descriptive-survey. The respondents of this study consisted of HR directors and bank managers from universal, commercial and thrift banks. The researcher made use of a Web-based survey known as harvested emails. Samples were derived from harvested e-mail lists which are non-probability samples because they were based on a convenience sample of e-mail addresses.
Entrepreneurship education and attitude of undergraduate students to self emp...Alexander Decker
Entrepreneurship education aims to encourage self-employment among university students by providing them skills to start their own businesses. The study explored how entrepreneurship education influences the attitudes of undergraduate students in Mubi, Nigeria toward self-employment. It found that exposure to entrepreneurship education benefited students by influencing their intentions toward self-employment, enriching their knowledge of starting a business, and changing their perceptions of self-employment as a career. The study recommends including entrepreneurship education in the curricula of all Nigerian educational institutions to help address unemployment among graduates.
Entrepreneurial inclination among ghanaian university students the case of un...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the level of entrepreneurial inclination among Ghanaian university students. The study explored whether students' academic programs, age, gender, and personal characteristics influence their entrepreneurial inclination. A questionnaire was administered to 520 final year students from various programs at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana. The results found that Ghanaian students generally have a high level of entrepreneurial inclination. However, students' age, gender and academic program were not found to have a significant effect. Students' personal characteristics like leadership attributes, achievement attitude, risk-taking attitude, and task performance attitude were found to positively influence their entrepreneurial inclination.
This study examined the interaction of alertness, self-efficacy, and intention
in entrepreneurial behavior. This research departed from the efforts of
educational institutions to produce graduates with entrepreneurial profiles.
Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 530 respondents
who had taken sharia entrepreneurship classes at a university in Indonesia.
The results showed that education positively affected students' alerts and
self-efficacy. Alertness and subsequent self-efficacy also positively impact
entrepreneurial intention and behavior. Next, the entrepreneurial intention
has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior. Contradictory findings
show entrepreneurship education does not significantly impact
entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and behavior. The indirect effect
found that the mediating role of alertness, self-efficacy, and purpose could
fully bridge the relationship between education and entrepreneurial behavior.
The results implied the importance of alertness, self-efficacy, and intention
to promote entrepreneurial behavior in educational institutions. The study
results highlighted an important message for universities and schools to put
more effort into students' self-efficacy, vigilance, and personal intention to
maximize learning activities on campus. The action can support the efforts
of educational institutions through the entrepreneurship curriculum to
increase the profile of alums as entrepreneurs.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for the entrepreneurial practices of university graduates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study found that 60% of male and 70% of female respondents agreed that capacity building and infrastructure development are important. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in their views. The study concluded that capacity building and infrastructure development are both important to enhance entrepreneurial practices among university graduates in Bayelsa State.
Entrepreneurship in Malaysia Polytechnicsalihamzahali
The Malaysia polytechnics is expected to lead the field of thrust programs (niche area) and specific technology that can produce quality graduates with entrepreneurship abilities. The paper seeks answers how current entrepreneurship education in Malaysia polytechnics encourages the development of entrepreneurship education in the institutions. In this study, data were collected from Higher Learning Institutions Tracer Study Report from 2012 until 2015 and Key Performance Index (KPI) 2016 and 2017 for Entrepreneurship in Malaysian Polytechnic. A finding shows that entrepreneurship has inclined in Malaysia Polytechnics according to industrial needs and based-on the development of the country. The establishments of Malaysian Polytechnic Entrepreneurship Centre (MPEC) become a great achievement for polytechnic education system in Malaysia. The findings will draw a clearer understanding and better picture of the common features exist in what seems to be a fragmented field of study.
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
Similar to 2017 differences in entrepreneurial determination between malaysian and indonesian students (20)
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
2017 differences in entrepreneurial determination between malaysian and indonesian students
1. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-1, Special Issue-2, Jan.-2017
http://iraj.in
Differences in Entrepreneurial Determination Between Malaysian and Indonesian Students
106
DIFFERENCES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL DETERMINATION
BETWEEN MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN STUDENTS
1
NORASMAH OTHMAN, 2
RADIN SITI AISHAH RADIN A RAHMAN
1,2
Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor,Malaysia
E-mail: 1
lin@ukm.edu.my, 2
radin@ukm.edu.my
Abstract— This study examines entrepreneurial determination among Malaysian and Indonesian university students. More
specifically, it attempts to ascertain levels entrepreneurial determination and differences with respect to country and personal
demographics. Questionnaires were used as a research instrument. Responses were obtained from 778 randomly-selected
participants at five and six Malaysian and Indonesian universities, respectively. Entrepreneurial determination among the
respondents was moderately high regardless of country. It nevertheless differed significantly between genders among
Malaysian students, although a similar phenomenon was not observed among Indonesian respondents.
Index Terms— Demographics, Entrepreneurial Determination, Knowledge, Skills and Self-efficacy.
I. INTRODUCTION
Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon that is
affecting most countries. Nevertheless, there are
varying rates of global economic growth. Indeed,
globalization increases international trade, which
indirectly impacts the Malaysian and Indonesian
economies. Such growth has spawned various
multinational and transnational corporations. However,
the presence of these corporations has not had a
significant impact on local job opportunities, since
many of them require highly-skilled operators of
equipment based on sophisticated technologies.
In addition to a shortage of local workers with high
technological skills, shortages also exist owing to a
reluctance to procure employment in sectors lacking
prestige. In 2007 there were 1.2 million registered
foreign workers in Malaysia, a number that rose to
2.06 million in 2010 [1]. Youth unemployment is
consequently increasing, which has prompted the
government to encourage entrepreneurialism among
young people. This has entailed, for example,
establishing entrepreneurship clubs at universities.
Despite such efforts, the number of students who have
actually pursued entrepreneurship remains quite low.
Thus, what role should universities play in fostering an
entrepreneurial culture? Likewise, what is the status of
entrepreneurial determination among Malaysian and
Indonesian university students?
II. ENTREPRENEURIAL DETERMINATION
Determination is the best predictor for exploring the
process of creation and decision-making with respect
to certain rare behaviors in imperceptible or
unexpected situations [2, 3]. It is possible that
entrepreneurial determination does not reflect
individualized actions; however, it is assumed to be a
predictor of good choices in starting a business. Hence,
entrepreneurial activities can produce a form of
determination that contributes to understanding and
predicting entrepreneurial behavior. Moreover, it is
important to understand entrepreneurial determination
since it encompasses the entrepreneurial process in its
entirety. Determination also triggers individual actions
while conducting business activities (e.g., preplanning
by entrepreneurs prior to executing activities in order
to determine their effectiveness).
III. THE IMPORTANCE OF
ENTREPRENEURIAL DETERMINATION
AMONG STUDENTS
The marketability and employability of university
graduates can be bolstered by educators through
meaningful efforts to foster a culture of
entrepreneurship in higher education. Furthermore,
with respect to knowledge, academic skills, and soft
skills, the competency of graduates is not
commensurate with market needs. Nooriah, Zakiah,
and Noraini [4] reported that at the Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Universiti Utara Malaysia, and Universiti
Malaysia Perlis, only 724 students possessed
sufficient confidence to acquire a job after graduating;
this was attributable to their soft skills and high degree
of employability. Nevertheless, the perceptions of
students such as those in the aforementioned sample
should be refined to focus not only on procuring
employment after graduation, but also job creation.
Given that most of these students had inadequate
confidence and/or employability, it can be assumed
that their desire to become entrepreneurs was similarly
low.
In the future, there will be a greater need for Malaysian
and Indonesian university graduates to become
involved in entrepreneurship and job creation in their
respective communities. Entrepreneurial
determination is typically accompanied with adequate
planning and actions that will positively affect one’s
ability to successfully pursue a business venture. In the
present case, entrepreneurial success is influenced by
education; indeed, entrepreneurship education is key
to encouraging students to become entrepreneurs.
Moreover, it can be provided indirectly through soft
2. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-1, Special Issue-2, Jan.-2017
http://iraj.in
Differences in Entrepreneurial Determination Between Malaysian and Indonesian Students
107
skills and extracurricular activities in formal courses at
any Malaysian or Indonesian university.
IV. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA AND
INDONESIA
In mobilizing physical resources such as raw materials
and machinery, human capital is a country’s most
valuable asset, which can be enhanced and increased
in worth through investment. Moreover, a country’s
economic strength is highly dependent on human
capital [5]. Investment in human capital can be
achieved by means of education, job training,
healthcare, immigration, and research concerning
costs and income [6]. Such investments not only
increase one’s revenue and foster individual growth,
but also a nation’s overall economic development.
Through the Eleventh Malaysia Plan [7], special
attention has been afforded to human capital in order
to ensure that it develops according to the country’s
growth. In addition, the number of public/private
universities and colleges in Malaysia has increased
dramatically: as of 2015 there were 20 and 53
Department of Public Service-recognized public and
private universities, respectively, although the precise
figures are in the hundreds [8]. Given this surge in the
establishment of universities and colleges, the number
of higher-education graduates has also increased,
thereby creating an imbalance between supply and
demand for labor, a condition that has been confirmed
by the Ministry of Higher Education [9].
The aforementioned high unemployment rates among
graduates can also be attributed to Malaysia’s present
economic standing, as it was negatively impacted by a
recent economic downturn. Whereas employment in
the public sector is decreasing, the private sector is
unable to sufficiently provide work to graduates.
Further, the demand for fresh graduates has decreased,
with the ratio of the labor force to the number of
graduates being 1:9 [10]. Hence, many graduates are
seeking suitable jobs with salaries commensurate to
their academic qualifications. Even though 42% of
Malaysians believe in pursuing entrepreneurship [11],
most individuals who do so are not salaried workers
during that time, whether in the public or private
sectors.
The scenario in Indonesia is similar, where the
government has taken various steps to increase interest
in entrepreneurship among youths (e.g., exposing
students to knowledge and skills related to
entrepreneurship at the primary and high school
levels). Despite these efforts, most young people
prefer pursuing traditional jobs that are perceived as
more secure. This is compounded by pressure from
parents, who encourage their children to seek
employment in the government sector, as it is deemed
more prestigious and less risky. Moreover, vocational
school graduates are often unprepared to open their
own businesses, and instead seek salaried employment
[12]. Indeed, according to the Pekanbaru Labor
Department [13], 10,998 higher-education graduates
have registered with career services as of 2014.
Regardless of efforts made by both countries (e.g.,
offering incentives to university graduates,
provisioning of funds, entrepreneurship
education/training programs), Indonesia and Malaysia
have failed to produce a substantial number of
graduates who become entrepreneurs. Hence, this
study examines entrepreneurial determination among
university students; in doing so it attempts to identify
(a) the level of entrepreneurial determination among
Malaysian and Indonesian students, and (b)
differences in entrepreneurial determination according
to demographic factors.
V. METHODOLOGY
Questionnaires were distributed to 87,572 students at
five research universities in Malaysia, and to 61,407
students at six universities in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
[13]. The sample was selected randomly according to
Krejcie and Morgan’s [14] research, which comprised
389 Malaysian and Indonesian university students.
The questionnaire was written in Malay and
Indonesian; it was adapted from Zaidatol Akmaliah
[3], Mazura [15], and Sukarni [16], and divided into
two parts. Part A contained items pertaining to
demographics, whereas those in Part B focused on
entrepreneurial determination specifically, and were
based on a five-point Likert scale in which 1 =
strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. The
instrument’s validity was verified in a pilot study
conducted previously in both countries, wherein at
0.60 it exceeded the minimum reliability value of 0.30.
VI. OVERVIEW OF SAMPLE
The final sample comprised 778 respondents (see
Table 1). Of those from Malaysia, 185 (47.6%) and
204 (52.4%) were male and female, respectively; 229
(58.9%) were aged between 18–21, 154 (39.6%)
between 22–25, and 6 (1.5%) over 26. Among the
Indonesian respondents, 202 (51.93%) and 187
(48.07%) were male and female, respectively; 333
(86.8%) were aged between 18–21, 45 (11.5%)
between 22–25, and 6 (1.7%) over 26. Hence, there
was a greater number of female respondents from
Malaysia, whereas there were more students aged
between 22–25 among students from Indonesia.
Table 1: Student Demographics
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Differences in Entrepreneurial Determination Between Malaysian and Indonesian Students
108
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Determination is important in the formation of new
organizations [2]. Moreover, when one is committed
to a goal, he or she will adjust their behaviors
accordingly [17]. By examining entrepreneurial
determination at the individual level, it is possible to
ascertain one’s ability to pursue business ventures.
Table 2 [18] shows how mean scores derived from
questionnaire responses were used to discern
participants’ entrepreneurial intentions.
Table 2: Interpretations of Mean Scores
A. Levels of Entrepreneurial Determination Among
Malaysian and Indonesian students
As shown in Table 3, entrepreneurial determination
among respondents from both countries was
moderately high. The item with the highest mean score
from the Malaysian participants was item 10 (i.e., “I
want to become a boss/leader in my own organization”
[M = 4.14]), thereby matching the results of Ekpoh and
Edet [19], who determined that students desired to
identify bosses within themselves that they could
ultimately become. The aforementioned results
indirectly indicate that the present study’s participants
disliked being shackled, favored independence, and
preferred to lead. Conversely, items 6 and 7 (i.e., “I
have seriously thought about starting a business” and
“I will start my own business in the next five years”)
had the lowest mean values (3.41).
For the Indonesian students, item 9 (i.e., “I wish to
own a business in the future”) was the highest rated
(4.10); in contrast, item 6 had the lowest mean score
(3.54). Although respondents from both countries
differed with respect to their highest rated item, their
results were nearly identical for items 6 and 7. These
results corroborate the research of Wijaya [12], who
found declining interest in entrepreneurship among
graduates.
Table 3: Means and Standard Deviations for Entrepreneurial Determination
B. Differences in Entrepreneurial Determination
According to Demographic Factors
In examining demographic factors that affect
differences in entrepreneurial determination between
Malaysian and Indonesian students, the authors
conducted a t-test, and in doing so focused solely on
gender (see Table 4). The results revealed a significant
difference between genders with respect to
entrepreneurial determination (t = 95, p < 0.01), a
finding that corroborates Hawa’s [20] research. Male
respondents in the present study possessed a higher
level of entrepreneurial determination when compared
to their female counterparts, thereby matching the
findings of Ekpoh and Edet [19] and Wilson, Kickul,
and Marlino [21].
Table 4: T-test Results for Entrepreneurial
Determination According to Gender
*p < 0.01
According to Wilson et al.[21], women are often less
keen to pursue entrepreneurship owing to insufficient
self-confidence. Likewise, respondents in Ekpoh and
Edet’s study believed that entrepreneurial careers were
4. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-1, Special Issue-2, Jan.-2017
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Differences in Entrepreneurial Determination Between Malaysian and Indonesian Students
109
more masculine in nature, and therefore best suited to
men. Hence, stereotypes are a significant obstacle that
prevent women from pursuing entrepreneurship.
Nonetheless, the two aforementioned assertions
contradict the Indonesian students’ responses, as no
significant differences were identified between
genders. In that respect, the present study’s findings
support Norasmah and Halimah’s [22] research,
wherein gender did not affect entrepreneurial
determination. It remains unclear, however, why there
was not a similar outcome among the Malaysian
respondents.
CONCLUSION
Entrepreneurship can produce greater individual
achievement and economic growth at the national
level. Moreover, increased determination can prompt
individuals to make behavioral changes, which will in
turn enable them to pursue a given goal [23]. Thus,
students who possess entrepreneurial determination are
more likely to become entrepreneurs; likewise,
entrepreneurs are more likely to possess greater levels
of determination. Entrepreneurship education is
therefore key to both motivating students and
increasing their entrepreneurial commitment. In
addition, exposure to entrepreneurship ought to enable
students to cope with competitive situations, including
the procurement of employment following graduation.
In sum, entrepreneurship education curricula in higher
education should focus on nurturing attitudes that are
conducive to entrepreneurship.
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