1) The study examined the effect of using acellular dermal grafts in combination with Z-plasty technique for secondary cleft lip deformities.
2) 18 patients underwent scar revision, submucosal tunneling, Z-plasty, and placement of an acellular dermal graft.
3) Quantitative measurements before and after surgery found significant improvements in symmetry, defect height, and lip thickness, indicating acellular dermal grafts with Z-plasty can effectively treat secondary cleft lip deformities.
2010 ahmed-bilateral transverse facial cleft as an isolated and asyndromic de...Klinikum Lippe GmbH
This case report describes a rare case of bilateral transverse facial cleft (macrostomia) as an isolated, non-syndromic deformity in a 7-year-old male child. Examination found wide mouth bilaterally lined with skin and buccal mucosa internally, with normal dentition and no other abnormalities. The defect was repaired using a W-plasty technique, which involves incisions in the shape of a W, to close the skin and reconstruct the orbicularis oris muscle and oral sphincter integrity. This achieved symmetric lips and commissures with minimal scarring. Follow-up at 3 months found marked improvement in appearance and function. Bilateral isolated transverse facial cleft is uncommon
The document discusses various oral health indices used to assess conditions like oral hygiene, plaque, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. It defines what an index is and lists ideal requirements. Several commonly used indices are described in detail, including the Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index, and Russell's Periodontal Index. Each index is defined, how it is measured and scored is explained, and its uses and benefits are outlined.
Gingival prosthesis: an efficient solution to severe gingival recessions in a...Premier Publishers
Clinical attachment loss in periodontal disease may lead to gingival recessions, elongation of the crowns, black triangles and unaesthetic appearance of maxillary anterior. For these problems surgical procedures may not have acceptable results in case of severe gingival recessions. Thus, non-surgical methods, like gingival prostheses/veneers, should be considered as an alternative treatment approach in such cases. It is an easy constructed and practical device to optimize the esthetic and functional outcome after the control of periodontal disease. This case report of young female patient illustrates treatment for an advanced tissue loss in a maxillary anterior area using a removable gingival prosthesis/veneers. This treatment modality offered a good optional solution and optimum esthetic patient satisfaction with a 2-year follow-up.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Deep Caries Dentin: A Clinical Studyasclepiuspdfs
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of calcium hydroxide on arresting deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 190 patients aged between 15 and 55 years old were selected for this clinical study. Calcium hydroxide was applied to fully matured permanent anterior or posterior teeth clinically and radiographically after 2 weeks, 3–4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. Results: The overall survival rate was 89.4%. The findings of this study showed that calcium hydroxide is effective in arresting deep carious lesions and formation tertiary dentine as well as preservation teeth vitality. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide is effective in reducing the risk of pulp exposure in deep carious lesion.
This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of mandibular setback surgery on the submental region and aesthetics. The study examined 38 patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery, distinguishing those with less than 5mm of setback from those with 5mm or more. The results found no significant changes in the submental region or aesthetics for patients with less than 5mm of setback. However, for patients with 5mm or more of setback, there were significant decreases in cervical length and changes to the lip-chin-throat angle, lower lip length, and upper lip length. The study suggests these factors should be considered in surgical planning to avoid undesirable aesthetic impacts of mandibular setback surgery.
The document discusses the importance of occlusion aspects in completing orthodontic treatment. It emphasizes establishing criteria like centric relation, vertical dimension, guidance patterns, and occlusal contacts to achieve stability. The study evaluated 20 patients 5 years after treatment, finding all maintained their corrected molar relationship and overjet, indicating occlusion aspects support stability. Adhering to functional occlusion principles helps orthodontists obtain proper treatment completion.
This document discusses orthodontic indices used to assess malocclusion and determine need for orthodontic treatment. It defines key terms and outlines several commonly used indices, including:
1. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which assesses dental health and aesthetic components to determine treatment priority.
2. The Dental Health Component of IOTN uses a hierarchical scale to classify malocclusion severity from grade 1 (no need for treatment) to grade 5 (great need).
3. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN uses a 10-point scale where patients rate attractiveness of their smile and need for treatment is determined by grades.
The document provides details on
2010 ahmed-bilateral transverse facial cleft as an isolated and asyndromic de...Klinikum Lippe GmbH
This case report describes a rare case of bilateral transverse facial cleft (macrostomia) as an isolated, non-syndromic deformity in a 7-year-old male child. Examination found wide mouth bilaterally lined with skin and buccal mucosa internally, with normal dentition and no other abnormalities. The defect was repaired using a W-plasty technique, which involves incisions in the shape of a W, to close the skin and reconstruct the orbicularis oris muscle and oral sphincter integrity. This achieved symmetric lips and commissures with minimal scarring. Follow-up at 3 months found marked improvement in appearance and function. Bilateral isolated transverse facial cleft is uncommon
The document discusses various oral health indices used to assess conditions like oral hygiene, plaque, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. It defines what an index is and lists ideal requirements. Several commonly used indices are described in detail, including the Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index, and Russell's Periodontal Index. Each index is defined, how it is measured and scored is explained, and its uses and benefits are outlined.
Gingival prosthesis: an efficient solution to severe gingival recessions in a...Premier Publishers
Clinical attachment loss in periodontal disease may lead to gingival recessions, elongation of the crowns, black triangles and unaesthetic appearance of maxillary anterior. For these problems surgical procedures may not have acceptable results in case of severe gingival recessions. Thus, non-surgical methods, like gingival prostheses/veneers, should be considered as an alternative treatment approach in such cases. It is an easy constructed and practical device to optimize the esthetic and functional outcome after the control of periodontal disease. This case report of young female patient illustrates treatment for an advanced tissue loss in a maxillary anterior area using a removable gingival prosthesis/veneers. This treatment modality offered a good optional solution and optimum esthetic patient satisfaction with a 2-year follow-up.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Deep Caries Dentin: A Clinical Studyasclepiuspdfs
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of calcium hydroxide on arresting deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 190 patients aged between 15 and 55 years old were selected for this clinical study. Calcium hydroxide was applied to fully matured permanent anterior or posterior teeth clinically and radiographically after 2 weeks, 3–4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. Results: The overall survival rate was 89.4%. The findings of this study showed that calcium hydroxide is effective in arresting deep carious lesions and formation tertiary dentine as well as preservation teeth vitality. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide is effective in reducing the risk of pulp exposure in deep carious lesion.
This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of mandibular setback surgery on the submental region and aesthetics. The study examined 38 patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery, distinguishing those with less than 5mm of setback from those with 5mm or more. The results found no significant changes in the submental region or aesthetics for patients with less than 5mm of setback. However, for patients with 5mm or more of setback, there were significant decreases in cervical length and changes to the lip-chin-throat angle, lower lip length, and upper lip length. The study suggests these factors should be considered in surgical planning to avoid undesirable aesthetic impacts of mandibular setback surgery.
The document discusses the importance of occlusion aspects in completing orthodontic treatment. It emphasizes establishing criteria like centric relation, vertical dimension, guidance patterns, and occlusal contacts to achieve stability. The study evaluated 20 patients 5 years after treatment, finding all maintained their corrected molar relationship and overjet, indicating occlusion aspects support stability. Adhering to functional occlusion principles helps orthodontists obtain proper treatment completion.
This document discusses orthodontic indices used to assess malocclusion and determine need for orthodontic treatment. It defines key terms and outlines several commonly used indices, including:
1. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which assesses dental health and aesthetic components to determine treatment priority.
2. The Dental Health Component of IOTN uses a hierarchical scale to classify malocclusion severity from grade 1 (no need for treatment) to grade 5 (great need).
3. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN uses a 10-point scale where patients rate attractiveness of their smile and need for treatment is determined by grades.
The document provides details on
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)Cing Sian Dal
The document describes the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which comprises two parts - the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetics Component (AC). The DHC records malocclusions based on their significance for dental health using a 5-grade scale, where grades 1-2 indicate no need for treatment, grade 3 indicates borderline need, and grades 4-5 indicate need for treatment. The AC records aesthetics impairment using a 10-photo scale where grades 1-4 indicate no need for treatment, grades 5-7 indicate borderline need, and grades 8-10 indicate need for treatment. Measurements for various malocclusions like overjet, reverse
The document summarizes a journal club presentation on the efficacy of hydroxyapatite and silica nanoparticles for remineralizing erosive lesions. It provides definitions and classifications of dental erosion, as well as risk factors, clinical appearance, evaluation methods, and current management strategies. The study aimed to compare the mineral gain and penetration of hydroxyapatite and silica nanoparticle infiltrates into artificially-created erosive enamel and dentin lesions. Results showed hydroxyapatite infiltrate resulted in greater remineralization of enamel and similar remineralization of dentin compared to silica nanoparticles.
Indics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
An Assessment on the Clinical Performance of Non-carious Cervical Restorationsasclepiuspdfs
This study evaluated the clinical performance of non-carious cervical lesion restorations placed at a university dental clinic over a 7-year period. A total of 121 restorations in 34 patients were assessed based on materials used (glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin-modified glass ionomer cement) and clinical handling technique (with vs without cavity preparation). Glass ionomer cement restorations showed significantly better retention and less secondary caries compared to the other materials, but there were no differences in marginal integrity, discoloration, or anatomic form based on material. The clinical performance did not differ based on whether cavity preparation was used.
This case report describes the reduction of a unilateral depressed zygomatic arch fracture using a dental extraction forceps through an intraoral approach. A 39-year-old male presented with pain and limited mouth opening following a road traffic accident. CT imaging confirmed a type II fracture of the right zygomatic arch. Under local anesthesia, an incision was made in the buccal sulcus and the forceps was used to elevate the depressed fragment into the correct anatomical position. The patient's mouth opening immediately improved with no complications. Follow up x-rays showed satisfactory reduction. The report concludes that using dental forceps for zygomatic arch fractures through an intraoral approach is a simple, effective, and economical technique.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on many factors, such us the malocclusion, the anterior relationship, specific space requirements, bone volume, root proximity, the condition of the adjacent teeth, and esthetic prediction mainly when the canine must be reshaped.Resin bonded bridges were considered to be doomed owing to their very high decementation rate, have come alive once again because of newer resin based cements. This article will discuss the variety of treatment managements in case of space opening and treated with two 2-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures supported by the cuspids. This conservative treatment plan was cost-effective without having any significant biological cost. Keywords: Agenesis, Resin- bonded fixed partial denture, interim prosthesis.
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses orthodontic indices used to assess treatment need. It describes the IOTN index, which evaluates dental health and aesthetic components. The dental health component assigns a grade from 1 to 5 based on traits like overjet, crossbite, and overbite. The aesthetic component uses a 1 to 10 scale comparing photos. The IOTN was later modified to improve reliability, reducing the dental health grades to 3 and aesthetic scale to 3 points. Indices allow for more uniform assessment of treatment need and outcomes in orthodontic research and epidemiology.
1. There are several methods for predicting surgical outcomes of orthognathic surgery, including manual tracings, computer software programs, and video imaging.
2. Studies have found that current prediction methods tend to be inaccurate, especially in predicting soft tissue changes like lip and chin positions. Predictions often differ from actual outcomes by 2mm or more.
3. While prediction images can help communicate treatment plans to patients, they may also unintentionally create unrealistic expectations that are not always achieved. More accurate prediction methods are still needed.
This document describes a new rectangular wiring fixation technique for genioplasty advancement procedures. It presents a case report of a 17-year old male who underwent genioplasty to advance a recessed chin. Instead of the typical two wires used for non-rigid fixation, a single long wire was passed through four holes - two in the mobile segment and two in the stable segment - to stabilize the advanced segment in a rectangular configuration. The technique provides stability with advantages of reduced operating time, cost, and instrumentation compared to other fixation methods.
This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular first premolar tooth with an unusual root canal anatomy - one root and three canals. During treatment, access opening and radiographs revealed three separate canals originating from the pulp chamber. The canals were chemomechanically prepared and the tooth was obturated. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding variations in root canal morphology to successfully treat challenging cases like this one.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document describes the ABO Discrepancy Index (DI), which provides a measure of case complexity for orthodontic treatment. It outlines various target disorders that are scored, such as overjet, overbite, open bites, crowding, and occlusal relationships. For each target disorder, it specifies how to measure or classify it and what score to assign. The DI allows orthodontists to systematically and objectively assess pretreatment complexity across different cases.
In 1989, Shetty and Freymiller [7] reviewed indications for removal of teeth in the line of fracture. They recommended the following indications:
1. Significant periodontal disease with gross mobility and periapical pathology
2. Partially erupted third molars with pericoronitis or cystic areas
3. Teeth preventing the reduction of fractures
4. Teeth with fractured roots
5. Teeth with exposed root apices or teeth in which the entire root surface from the apex to the gingival margin is exposed
6. Excessive delay from the time of fracture to the time of definitive treatment
In addition to these indications, another indication that requires extraction of teeth in the line of fracture is an acute, recurring abscess at the site of the fracture despite antibiotic therapy(8)
complete denture after a stroke ( Prosthodontics)DHANANJAYSHETH1
This document summarizes a journal club presentation about using orofacial myofunctional therapy and a modified denture to improve oral function for an edentulous patient after a stroke. Key points:
- A 70-year-old man had difficulty with tongue movement, mastication after a stroke 2 years prior
- A denture was fabricated with a wire and pearl in the palate to guide the mandible and encourage tongue exercises
- After 3 months of exercises and wearing the denture, the patient's tongue movement, mastication, and swallowing improved and the effects were maintained.
Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with infraocclusion of de...EdwardHAngle
This study examined the relationship between infraocclusion of deciduous molars and other dental anomalies. The study analyzed 99 patients with infraocclusion from Boston and Jerusalem. It found statistically significant associations between infraocclusion and increased prevalence of tooth agenesis, microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars. Specifically, these dental anomalies were two to seven times more common in the infraocclusion samples compared to reported prevalence in general population reference samples. The results support the hypothesis that shared genetic factors may underlie the connection between infraocclusion and other dental anomalies.
This document describes a case study of a 30-year-old female patient with excessive gingival display, or a "gummy smile", measuring 7 mm. After analyzing facial proportions, it was determined that gingivectomy and osteoplasty procedures would be performed to reduce the gingival display by excising thick fibrous gingival tissue and reshaping the underlying bone. The procedures successfully increased the clinical crown lengths and reduced gingival exposure during smiling. Follow up at 6 months showed satisfactory healing and an improved smile esthetic for the patient.
2016 heinz-two-step reconstruction of non-marginal auricular defectsKlinikum Lippe GmbH
This document describes a two-step surgical technique for reconstructing non-marginal full-thickness defects of the auricle. In the first step, tissue from the preauricular and retroauricular regions is used to reconstruct the anterior and posterior surfaces of the auricle defect. In the second step, performed two weeks later, the tissue pedicles are separated and adjusted. Thirteen patients underwent this procedure with excellent esthetic outcomes, low morbidity, and patient satisfaction. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of the reconstructed auricles changed minimally. The two-step technique provides an improved method for reconstructing central auricle defects.
This document discusses surgical techniques for reconstructing auricular defects of different sizes. It summarizes the experience of surgeons in treating 75 patients over 10 years. For defects less than one-fourth the vertical ear size, primary closure is sufficient. For larger defects up to three-fourths the size, a reversed retroauricular flap is often used successfully. For defects exceeding three-fourths the size, an implant-retained prosthesis is preferred. The location, size, and tissue involved in the defect, as well as the patient's condition, determine the most appropriate reconstruction method.
This ultrasound study of 41 volunteers found that:
1) The superior and inferior labial arteries were most often located in the submucosal plane (58.5%) followed by the intramuscular (36.2%) and subcutaneous planes (5.3%).
2) The depth of the superior labial artery in the upper lip was 5.6 mm on average, and the depth of the inferior labial artery in the lower lip was 5.2 mm.
3) Both arteries were more often located within the red lip portion of the lips rather than the cutaneous portion.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)Cing Sian Dal
The document describes the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which comprises two parts - the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetics Component (AC). The DHC records malocclusions based on their significance for dental health using a 5-grade scale, where grades 1-2 indicate no need for treatment, grade 3 indicates borderline need, and grades 4-5 indicate need for treatment. The AC records aesthetics impairment using a 10-photo scale where grades 1-4 indicate no need for treatment, grades 5-7 indicate borderline need, and grades 8-10 indicate need for treatment. Measurements for various malocclusions like overjet, reverse
The document summarizes a journal club presentation on the efficacy of hydroxyapatite and silica nanoparticles for remineralizing erosive lesions. It provides definitions and classifications of dental erosion, as well as risk factors, clinical appearance, evaluation methods, and current management strategies. The study aimed to compare the mineral gain and penetration of hydroxyapatite and silica nanoparticle infiltrates into artificially-created erosive enamel and dentin lesions. Results showed hydroxyapatite infiltrate resulted in greater remineralization of enamel and similar remineralization of dentin compared to silica nanoparticles.
Indics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
An Assessment on the Clinical Performance of Non-carious Cervical Restorationsasclepiuspdfs
This study evaluated the clinical performance of non-carious cervical lesion restorations placed at a university dental clinic over a 7-year period. A total of 121 restorations in 34 patients were assessed based on materials used (glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin-modified glass ionomer cement) and clinical handling technique (with vs without cavity preparation). Glass ionomer cement restorations showed significantly better retention and less secondary caries compared to the other materials, but there were no differences in marginal integrity, discoloration, or anatomic form based on material. The clinical performance did not differ based on whether cavity preparation was used.
This case report describes the reduction of a unilateral depressed zygomatic arch fracture using a dental extraction forceps through an intraoral approach. A 39-year-old male presented with pain and limited mouth opening following a road traffic accident. CT imaging confirmed a type II fracture of the right zygomatic arch. Under local anesthesia, an incision was made in the buccal sulcus and the forceps was used to elevate the depressed fragment into the correct anatomical position. The patient's mouth opening immediately improved with no complications. Follow up x-rays showed satisfactory reduction. The report concludes that using dental forceps for zygomatic arch fractures through an intraoral approach is a simple, effective, and economical technique.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on many factors, such us the malocclusion, the anterior relationship, specific space requirements, bone volume, root proximity, the condition of the adjacent teeth, and esthetic prediction mainly when the canine must be reshaped.Resin bonded bridges were considered to be doomed owing to their very high decementation rate, have come alive once again because of newer resin based cements. This article will discuss the variety of treatment managements in case of space opening and treated with two 2-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures supported by the cuspids. This conservative treatment plan was cost-effective without having any significant biological cost. Keywords: Agenesis, Resin- bonded fixed partial denture, interim prosthesis.
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses orthodontic indices used to assess treatment need. It describes the IOTN index, which evaluates dental health and aesthetic components. The dental health component assigns a grade from 1 to 5 based on traits like overjet, crossbite, and overbite. The aesthetic component uses a 1 to 10 scale comparing photos. The IOTN was later modified to improve reliability, reducing the dental health grades to 3 and aesthetic scale to 3 points. Indices allow for more uniform assessment of treatment need and outcomes in orthodontic research and epidemiology.
1. There are several methods for predicting surgical outcomes of orthognathic surgery, including manual tracings, computer software programs, and video imaging.
2. Studies have found that current prediction methods tend to be inaccurate, especially in predicting soft tissue changes like lip and chin positions. Predictions often differ from actual outcomes by 2mm or more.
3. While prediction images can help communicate treatment plans to patients, they may also unintentionally create unrealistic expectations that are not always achieved. More accurate prediction methods are still needed.
This document describes a new rectangular wiring fixation technique for genioplasty advancement procedures. It presents a case report of a 17-year old male who underwent genioplasty to advance a recessed chin. Instead of the typical two wires used for non-rigid fixation, a single long wire was passed through four holes - two in the mobile segment and two in the stable segment - to stabilize the advanced segment in a rectangular configuration. The technique provides stability with advantages of reduced operating time, cost, and instrumentation compared to other fixation methods.
This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular first premolar tooth with an unusual root canal anatomy - one root and three canals. During treatment, access opening and radiographs revealed three separate canals originating from the pulp chamber. The canals were chemomechanically prepared and the tooth was obturated. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding variations in root canal morphology to successfully treat challenging cases like this one.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document describes the ABO Discrepancy Index (DI), which provides a measure of case complexity for orthodontic treatment. It outlines various target disorders that are scored, such as overjet, overbite, open bites, crowding, and occlusal relationships. For each target disorder, it specifies how to measure or classify it and what score to assign. The DI allows orthodontists to systematically and objectively assess pretreatment complexity across different cases.
In 1989, Shetty and Freymiller [7] reviewed indications for removal of teeth in the line of fracture. They recommended the following indications:
1. Significant periodontal disease with gross mobility and periapical pathology
2. Partially erupted third molars with pericoronitis or cystic areas
3. Teeth preventing the reduction of fractures
4. Teeth with fractured roots
5. Teeth with exposed root apices or teeth in which the entire root surface from the apex to the gingival margin is exposed
6. Excessive delay from the time of fracture to the time of definitive treatment
In addition to these indications, another indication that requires extraction of teeth in the line of fracture is an acute, recurring abscess at the site of the fracture despite antibiotic therapy(8)
complete denture after a stroke ( Prosthodontics)DHANANJAYSHETH1
This document summarizes a journal club presentation about using orofacial myofunctional therapy and a modified denture to improve oral function for an edentulous patient after a stroke. Key points:
- A 70-year-old man had difficulty with tongue movement, mastication after a stroke 2 years prior
- A denture was fabricated with a wire and pearl in the palate to guide the mandible and encourage tongue exercises
- After 3 months of exercises and wearing the denture, the patient's tongue movement, mastication, and swallowing improved and the effects were maintained.
Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with infraocclusion of de...EdwardHAngle
This study examined the relationship between infraocclusion of deciduous molars and other dental anomalies. The study analyzed 99 patients with infraocclusion from Boston and Jerusalem. It found statistically significant associations between infraocclusion and increased prevalence of tooth agenesis, microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars. Specifically, these dental anomalies were two to seven times more common in the infraocclusion samples compared to reported prevalence in general population reference samples. The results support the hypothesis that shared genetic factors may underlie the connection between infraocclusion and other dental anomalies.
This document describes a case study of a 30-year-old female patient with excessive gingival display, or a "gummy smile", measuring 7 mm. After analyzing facial proportions, it was determined that gingivectomy and osteoplasty procedures would be performed to reduce the gingival display by excising thick fibrous gingival tissue and reshaping the underlying bone. The procedures successfully increased the clinical crown lengths and reduced gingival exposure during smiling. Follow up at 6 months showed satisfactory healing and an improved smile esthetic for the patient.
2016 heinz-two-step reconstruction of non-marginal auricular defectsKlinikum Lippe GmbH
This document describes a two-step surgical technique for reconstructing non-marginal full-thickness defects of the auricle. In the first step, tissue from the preauricular and retroauricular regions is used to reconstruct the anterior and posterior surfaces of the auricle defect. In the second step, performed two weeks later, the tissue pedicles are separated and adjusted. Thirteen patients underwent this procedure with excellent esthetic outcomes, low morbidity, and patient satisfaction. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of the reconstructed auricles changed minimally. The two-step technique provides an improved method for reconstructing central auricle defects.
This document discusses surgical techniques for reconstructing auricular defects of different sizes. It summarizes the experience of surgeons in treating 75 patients over 10 years. For defects less than one-fourth the vertical ear size, primary closure is sufficient. For larger defects up to three-fourths the size, a reversed retroauricular flap is often used successfully. For defects exceeding three-fourths the size, an implant-retained prosthesis is preferred. The location, size, and tissue involved in the defect, as well as the patient's condition, determine the most appropriate reconstruction method.
This ultrasound study of 41 volunteers found that:
1) The superior and inferior labial arteries were most often located in the submucosal plane (58.5%) followed by the intramuscular (36.2%) and subcutaneous planes (5.3%).
2) The depth of the superior labial artery in the upper lip was 5.6 mm on average, and the depth of the inferior labial artery in the lower lip was 5.2 mm.
3) Both arteries were more often located within the red lip portion of the lips rather than the cutaneous portion.
Malposition of unerupted mandibular second premolar in children with cleft li...EdwardHAngle
Objective: To determine whether distoangular malposition of the unerupted mandibular second
premolar (MnP2) is more frequent in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examined panoramic radiographs from 45 patients
with unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate who had no previous orthodontics. A control
sample consisted of age- and sex-matched patients. The distal angle formed between the long
axis of MnP2 and the tangent to the inferior border was measured. The mean, standard deviation,
and range were calculated for the angles measured in the cleft and the control groups. The
significance of the differences between the means was evaluated by the paired t-test. The angles
of the cleft and noncleft sides were also measured and compared.
Results: The mean inclination of the MnP2 on the cleft side was 73.6°, compared with 84.6° in
the control group. This difference was highly significant statistically (P < .0001). The difference
in angles from the cleft and noncleft sides was 0.7°, not statistically significant. A significant association
was found between clefting and distoangular malposition of the developing MnP2, suggesting
a shared genetic etiology. This association is independent of the clefting side, ruling out
possible local mechanical effects.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for anomalous development of MnP2 in
children with clefts.
This document summarizes a presentation on using facial analysis keys in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It discusses 18 different facial traits that can be examined, such as lip length, nasolabial angle, and chin position. Specific facial characteristics are associated with different skeletal malocclusions, including vertical maxillary excess, deficiency, Class II and III deformities. Performing a full facial examination is important for developing an accurate orthodontic treatment plan that addresses both dental alignment and facial esthetics.
Esthetic Evaluation of ImplantsPlaced after Orthodontic Treatment in Patients...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the
proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.
These options include canine substitution, resin bonded fixed partial dentures, cantilevered fixed partial dentures,
conventional fixed partial dentures and single tooth implants. Depending on which treatment option is chosen, a
specific criterion has to be addressed. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic
result for a most predictable outcome. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of bilaterally
congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants
Key words: congenitally missing lateral incisor, interdisciplinary treatment, dental impla
This case report describes the successful reconstruction of a large lower lip defect in a 71-year-old male using a staged Abbé-Estlander lip switching flap procedure. A squamous cell carcinoma measuring 1.5x2 cm was excised from the lower lip, creating a triangular defect of 5.1x4.8x4 cm. A smaller triangular flap of 1.5x1.5x2.3 cm was harvested from the upper lip and transferred to the lower lip defect. Follow up showed good functional and aesthetic outcomes with no complications and no impairment of oral competence or muscle function. The case demonstrates that the Abbé-Estlander flap can reliably reconstruct large lower lip defects using a significantly smaller
Identifying a safe zone for midface augmentation using anatomic landmarks for...Nhat Nguyen
The study identifies a safe zone for dissection during midface augmentation to avoid injury to the infraorbital nerve. Measurements were taken on 44 CT scans of adult faces to determine the average distance between the infraorbital foramen and nearby bony landmarks. For men, the average distances were 8.61 mm from the infraorbital rim, 17.43 mm from the piriform aperture, 41.81 mm from the second premolar tip, and 25.93 mm from the lateral orbital rim. For women, the averages were 8.25 mm, 15.69 mm, 37.33 mm, and 24.21 mm, respectively. Defining this safe zone can help clinicians locate the infraorbital for
Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors; Orthodontic, Restorative, and Implant ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This article discusses factors in determining
whether to close an open space or to open enough space for a prosthetic treatment for congenitally missing maxillary lateral
incisors. Further, the importance of a total treatment approach using an interdisciplinary dental specialty team to maximize
function, aesthetics, and oral health is discussed.
The document describes a modified neutral zone technique for improving the stability of mandibular complete dentures. The technique involves making an acrylic resin base with posterior occlusal rims, applying a thermoplastic denture adhesive, and having patients wear it for 2 days to record the neutral zone. The base is then used to make an acrylic resin complete denture. Most patients reported improved denture stability and reduced pressure sores. However, the technique is complex and not recommended for routine use.
1) The document discusses different types of scissor bites (malocclusions where the maxillary teeth are positioned buccal to the mandibular teeth), including definitions, classifications, causes, and treatment options.
2) Scissor bites can be caused by factors like microglossia, abnormal tooth germ position, and skeletal Class II issues. Treatment depends on a patient's age and severity of the scissor bite, ranging from removable appliances to orthodontic devices to orthognathic surgery.
3) The document presents several case studies as examples. One case discusses using a bonded constriction quad-helix appliance to reduce the maxillary arch width in a growing patient with a bilateral scissor
Preventing elevated radix deformity in asianNhat Nguyen
The Chimeric technique for Asian rhinoplasty aims to control final radix position and preserve the nasal profile. It involves using a composite silicone-PTFE implant with a glabellar component made of cartilage or PTFE. 49 patients underwent rhinoplasty with or without the Chimeric technique. Those who received the Chimeric technique had a more favorable horizontal vector of radix position change compared to the traditional technique, which resulted in a more vertical vector and potential for an elevated radix deformity. The Chimeric technique helps maintain a natural nasal profile during augmentation rhinoplasty.
1. The study assessed the effectiveness of an orthodontic tongue crib appliance in treating 18 growing children with Class 3 malocclusion and open bite.
2. Cephalometric analysis found that after 12 months of treatment, patients had significant forward growth of the maxilla and improved maxilla-mandibular relationships.
3. The tongue crib was effective at improving the maxillary complex growth and facial esthetics in growing patients with skeletal Class 3 and open bite malocclusions.
The Correlation between the Right Little Finger, Eye - Ear Distance and Verti...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This case report describes the endo-surgical management of a large radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region that had completely resorbed the maxillary nasal floor. After non-surgical root canal treatment of teeth 11 and 12, surgical enucleation of the cyst was performed, followed by apicoectomy and retrograde filling of the root canals with mineral trioxide aggregate. The cyst had extended supero-posteriorly into the maxilla and nasal cavity. Complete removal of the cyst was achieved while preserving surrounding structures. Post-operative healing was uneventful. This case demonstrates the effective treatment of a large cyst using a combined nonsurgical endodontic and surgical approach.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on measuring and evaluating vertical dimension. It discusses two methods - the Sorenson profile scale and measuring from the base of the nasal septum to the inferior border of the chin. The accuracy of these methods was compared to cephalometric measurements in a study of 13 patients over 2 years. Both clinical methods showed high accuracy and reliability in recording pre-extraction vertical dimension compared to cephalometric measurements. The chin-nose method is convenient but can be inaccurate for patients with facial hair or round profiles.
orthodontic correction of canted occlusal plane part 2Maher Fouda
This document describes the diagnosis and treatment of occlusal plane canting, which is a vertical asymmetry between the left and right sides of the dental arches. It discusses how occlusal canting can be caused by skeletal asymmetry or asymmetric tooth positions. Diagnosis involves evaluating photographs, models, and radiographs to measure the degree of cant. Treatment options discussed include using skeletal anchorage like mini-implants to intrude teeth on one side and correct the cant. Close monitoring is needed to prevent unwanted tooth movements and open bites during treatment.
Similar to 2016 movahedian- acellular-dermal-graft (20)
An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with breathing difficulties and weight loss. An autopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung and colon in the late stages. Molecular testing found that both cancers had a BRAF V600E mutation, which is rare for two separate cancers to share. The autopsy also uncovered several other previously unknown medical conditions, demonstrating the importance of autopsies for quality control and teaching.
Kongressplakat pathologie dworak grading system prof. hansen_din a0Klinikum Lippe GmbH
This study evaluated the Dworak tumor regression grading (TRG) system as a prognostic indicator for 159 rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Patients were observed for a mean of 42.5 months. A univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis found that patients with Dworak TRG grades 3+4 had a mean progression-free survival of 121 months, significantly higher than the 53.6 months for patients with grades 1+2. A multivariate analysis identified Dworak TRG grade and postoperative nodal stage as independent risk factors. The study concludes that Dworak TRG is an important prognostic indicator of progression-free survival and that subclassifying into grades 1+2 and 3
This study developed and tested a non-language specific speech test using made-up syllables to evaluate speech in cleft patients from different cultural and language backgrounds. The test was administered to 41 cleft patients and 39 non-cleft individuals from Germany, Iran, and India. Two speech pathologists independently rated audio recordings of the tests and found significant differences in hypernasality, nasal emissions, and consonant errors between cleft patients and non-cleft controls from the same language group. While inter-rater agreement was poor, the test was able to distinguish speech characteristics between cleft and non-cleft individuals across different languages and cultures.
This study evaluated the use of vascularised fatty tissue flaps to replace excised parotid tissue and prevent Frey's syndrome in 37 patients who underwent parotidectomy between 2008-2017. The fatty flaps took an average of 17 minutes to dissect and were stable for up to 9 years of follow up. None of the patients reported symptoms of Frey's syndrome such as flushing or sweating when eating. The flaps were an easy technique that avoided donor site morbidity compared to other options and successfully prevented Frey's syndrome in all patients.
1) The study compared the effects of dexamethasone, tranexamic acid, and a combination of both on post-rhinoplasty edema and ecchymosis in 60 patients who underwent primary open rhinoplasty.
2) Patients were divided into 4 groups: dexamethasone only, tranexamic acid only, combination, and placebo. Medications were given intravenously before and after surgery.
3) Edema and ecchymosis were evaluated on a scale of 0-4 on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. The dexamethasone, tranexamic acid, and combination groups had significantly lower edema and ecchymosis ratings compared to the placebo
This study compared information obtained from standard computed tomographic angiography (s-CTA) scans and modified CTA (m-CTA) scans of the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap to cadaver dissections. The m-CTA scans showed longer visible DCIA lengths, better visualization of branching patterns, and more detail on vessel course compared to s-CTA scans. However, s-CTA scans allowed bilateral evaluation while m-CTA only showed the injected side. Both CTA methods provided more information than cadaver dissections for preoperative planning of DCIA flaps.
This document describes a new minimally invasive technique for harvesting a deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap for jaw reconstruction using virtual surgical planning and 3D printed surgical guides. Virtual planning based on CT scans allows for precise preoperative design of the bone flap and surgical guide. The guide enables a medial approach to the pelvis to harvest the flap, preserving important anatomical structures and muscles to reduce donor site morbidity. Initial results found the new technique allowed for shorter recovery times and less complaints about walking or hip profile changes compared to standard approaches.
This study analyzed the three-dimensional morphology of ears in 240 Caucasian volunteers aged 21-65. 3D scans were taken and distances, angles, and proportions between landmarks on the ears were measured. The results showed that the distance between the subaurale and superaurale, as well as the width of the ear, significantly increased with age. The lower quadrant of the ear extended the most with increasing age. The ear continues changing shape in adulthood even after body growth stops. These measurements can help surgeons plan operations to achieve aesthetic outcomes for patients of different ages.
This study assessed parental risk factors for cleft lip and palate (CL/P) in 187 children with CL/P and 190 non-cleft children. The study found that family history of clefts, lack of folic acid consumption during pregnancy, and consanguineous marriage were strongly associated with increased risk of a child being born with CL/P. Children with CL/P also had significantly higher rates of other congenital abnormalities and physical problems compared to non-cleft children. The findings suggest expecting mothers with a family history of CL/P or who engage in consanguineous marriages should take extra precautions to prevent CL/P in their children.
2016 wahl-immunotherapy with imiquimod and interferon alfa for metastasized m...Klinikum Lippe GmbH
1) The document describes the case of a 90-year-old woman with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) that was treated with a combination of local and systemic immunotherapy.
2) Treatment included weekly intralesional injections of interferon alfa-2a along with topical imiquimod cream 3 times per week, as well as subcutaneous injections of pegylated interferon alfa-2b.
3) This combination led to the regression of all cutaneous metastases and lymph node metastases within 4 months, and the patient remained alive 30 months after starting immunotherapy, suggesting locally metastasized MCC can be controlled with local and systemic immunotherapy.
This document describes a technique for reconstructing full-thickness defects of the lower third of the nose using a three-layer approach. A reversed nasolabial flap is used to reconstruct the nasal lining, an auricular cartilage graft provides structural support, and a forehead flap provides skin coverage. The technique was used in 21 patients and resulted in satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes in most cases. Combined flaps from local and distant sites incorporating cartilage can effectively reconstruct large nasal defects while restoring the three anatomical layers.
This study retrospectively evaluated 34 patients with class III dentofacial deformities who underwent either maxillary advancement or mandibular setback surgery. Pre- and post-operative lateral cephalograms were analyzed to compare changes in 14 soft tissue parameters between the two surgical approaches. Statistically significant differences were found for cervical length, which increased after maxillary advancement but decreased after mandibular setback. Some other aesthetic parameters were found to be superior after maxillary advancement compared to mandibular setback. The study aims to help determine the best surgical approach for correcting class III deformities while optimizing aesthetic outcomes.
This study compared the clinically usable bone regions of the ilium and fibula for mandible reconstruction. Measurements were taken of 241 ilia, 91 mandibles, and 60 fibulas. The ilium offered a similar total usable bone length to the fibula but maintained a more constant bone thickness throughout, whereas the fibula's dimensions varied significantly. In some fibulas, only a small portion of the total bone length could actually be used. The study suggests the ilium may be a better donor site than the fibula, especially for women requiring occlusal rehabilitation after mandible reconstruction.
This study compared outcomes of 86 patients who underwent reconstruction of facial soft tissue defects following tumor excision using various surgical techniques, including non-vascularised skin grafts, local flaps, a modified face-lift technique, and microvascular free flaps. The face-lift technique resulted in shorter hospital stays and lower rates of ectropion than other methods for defects under 60 cm2. It provided the best aesthetic outcomes but was limited to smaller defects. Microvascular free flaps were necessary for the largest defects over 60 cm2 due to the amount of tissue needed.
2015 heinz-repairing a non-marginal full-thickness auricular defect using a r...Klinikum Lippe GmbH
This document describes a surgical technique using an anterior pedicled retroauricular flap (APRF) to reconstruct full-thickness defects of the central non-marginal area of the ear. The APRF is harvested from the postauricular skin in two stages and used to reconstruct both the posterior and anterior surfaces of the defect. The procedure was performed successfully in 11 patients to repair conchal defects, with good aesthetic outcomes, minimal donor site morbidity, and high patient satisfaction. The APRF provides an effective method to reconstruct central ear defects while maintaining ear size and shape with minimal stress on the flap.
This document discusses the use of techniques from aesthetic rhinoplasty in reconstructive nasal surgery after tumor resection. The authors used osteotomy and tip shaping techniques in 17 patients to reshape the nasal framework after removing underlying bone or cartilage. This increased the margin of safety and reduced the size of the defect, allowing tension-free primary closure with local tissue flaps. Patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes. The techniques require knowledge of procedures from aesthetic rhinoplasty but can improve reconstruction results.
This study evaluated the effect of maxillary advancement of less than 6 mm versus 6 mm or more on soft tissue changes in 53 patients treated for Class III malocclusion. For advancements under 6 mm, there were no significant changes in the nasolabial angle but significant changes in lip and chin positions. For advancements of 6 mm or more, submental and nasolabial soft tissues significantly improved, indicating better aesthetics. The degree of maxillary advancement significantly impacts soft tissue changes and should be considered in treatment planning.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition