This document contains a 3-part exam on high voltage engineering. Part 1 contains 3 questions, the first on measuring HVAC peak value and performing an accelerated aging test on a bushing. The second concerns generating HVDC using a Greinacher cascade circuit and a basic rectifier circuit. The third addresses impulse voltage generation and designing a 5-stage Marx generator. Part 2 contains 3 questions, two on RC and RLC circuits applied to DC sources, and one on flash protection boundaries for live busbars. Part 3 requests calculations regarding voltage regulation, ripple, and output of a Cockcroft-Walton circuit, as well as the design of a DC voltage doubling circuit.
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Class A power Amplifiers and their analysis, Harmonic Distortions,
Class B Push-pull amplifiers and their analysis, Complementary symmetry push pull amplifier, Class AB power
amplifier, Class-C power amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sinks, Distortion in amplifiers.
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Class A power Amplifiers and their analysis, Harmonic Distortions,
Class B Push-pull amplifiers and their analysis, Complementary symmetry push pull amplifier, Class AB power
amplifier, Class-C power amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sinks, Distortion in amplifiers.
Properties of Exponential Response
Time constant (τ) Definition
Source Free RC Circuit
v(t) of RC Circuit
Time constant of RC Circuit
Problem
Home work Problem 1
Properties of Exponential Response
Time constant (τ) Definition
Source Free RC Circuit
v(t) of RC Circuit
Time constant of RC Circuit
Problem
Home work Problem 1
Lightning Characteristics and Impulse Voltage.Milton Sarker
Lightning characteristics and standard impulse
waveform are related to each other. But the lack
of realization about the relation between them
would make the solution to produce better
protection against lightning surge becomes
harder. Natural lightning surge waveform has
been compared to standard impulse waveform as
evidence that there have similarity between
them. The standard impulse waveform could be
used to test the strength of electrical equipment
against the lightning. Therefore designing and
simulating the impulse generator are the purpose
of this project beside to get better understanding
about lightning characteristics. This project aims
to develop an impulse generator circuit. The
main objectives of this work are two folds: the
first is the characterization of impulse voltages
and the second is the designing of an impulse
voltage generator. Our working purpose is to
give a concept about Impulse voltages and
impulse generator to the students and
researchers.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
امتحان جهد عالي 2015-2016
1. (,'~t:Mansoura University 2015-2016 High-Voh'g' Engineering (EEZ316) _-:
. f!is"')-eP" Faculty of Engineering 3rd year Fmal Term Exam (rart.1) . ~ :
I , Time Allowed: 1.5 Hours'-:::::;';~~:"Electrical Engineering Dept. Sunday 17-1-2016 ••.•
Pis. Answer All the Following Questions (Total Score 50 Marks)
Question 1 (20 Marks):
1. Explain the Chubb and Fortescue method for measuring HVAC peak value. (5 Marks)
2. An accelerated aging test is to be made on a bushing of capacitance 2000 pF by applying
a voltage of 15 kV at a frequency of 5.kHz. A simple series resonance power supply is to
be used for the test and an inductor can be wound with a Q-factor of 14 for use in the
power supply. Calculate the output voltage and power necessary for the 5 kHz supply,
the magnitude of the inductance required, and the current from the supply if the bushing
breaks down. (5 A1arks)
3. A 400 V/ 400 kV transformer has been designed for a rated capacity of 200 kVA at 50 Hz.
The short circuit voltage is 15.6%; if the losses and the magnetizing currents are
negligible. Self-capacitance can be replaced by a capacitance of 380 pF connected
parallel to the HV winding.
a) Sketch the equivalent circuit of the transformer and give the values of the circuit
elements as referred to the HV side.
b) Determine the excitation voltage on the LV side when a cable with a capacitance
of 2800 pF at 400 kV, 50 Hz is to be tested. What is the reactive power requirement
of the transformer for the test?
c) Calculate the resonance frequencies atno-load and by loading as in b).
d) What the maximum length of a 400 kV cable that can be tested such that over
voltage is limited to 10%. Take the capacitance of cable/unit length is 150pF/m.
(10 Mark.J)
Question 2 (15 Marks): .
1. Explain in details the Greinacher cascade circuit for generation of HVDC and then find
the optimum number of stages for maximum output voltage. (5 MarkJ)
2. The following basic circuit is used to generate a HVDe.
Assuming all ideal elements and neglecting the voltage
drops in the rectifiers and transformer,
Discuss the functioning of the basic circuit on no-
load showing the waveforms at points 1, 2, 3 and
the output DC voltage u(t).
I.
30---1 1---- -0----1 ---02
11. Determine the voltage ratings of the rectifiers and
condensers.
1+----- 1I(r)----~
(5 Mark.l)
Page 1
/
2. 3. A ten. stage Cockraft-Walton circuit has all capacitors of 0.06 (J-F. The peak value
secondary voltage of the supply transformer is 100 kYat a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load
current is 1 mA, determine (i) voltage regulation (ii) the ripple (Hi) the optimum number
of stages for maximum output voltage (iv) the maximum output voltage. (5 Mark.')
Question 3 (20 Marks):
----- -- ------ - ---,------- -- ~---
1. The working principles of single-stage circuits for impulse voltage generation. (5Marks)
2. A 5-stage impulse generator after Marx circuit is to be designed for an impulse voltage of
0= 1 MV. A single-phase transformer ofr.m.s output of u= 175 kV is available to supply
the following arrangement. As impulse capacitances, capacitors of C= 50 nF will be used.
For R~ and Rd resistances with the following values are available.
R = 40 n, R = 80 n, and R = 1.3 ill
a) What is the value of the utilization factor of the generator? What is the peak inverse
voltage of the rectifier used for charging the impulse generator?
b) What values have Cs, Re, R, per stage by a maximum ratio Re/Rd for the utilization
factor calculated in point "a".
c) Calculate T; ITr of the generated impulse voltage [use kl= 0.73 & ka = 2.96].
elements of the following circuit
diagram are to be treated as ideal.
(5 Mark.')
lJel Rl
b f.
1UT
r
1id,
Rl C2
Udc
[I :::::...
3. A high voltage d.e. doubling circuit
(after Greinacher) for 600 kV terminal
voltage at no-load is to be designed for
a Practical Accelerator. All the circuit
a) Sketch the fundamental waveforms of the voltages UT, Uei and Ua-. The stationary
conditions under the assumptions idc=Constant and Cl=C2.
b) What should be the nominal rated voltage of the condensers Cl and C2? What is the
peak value of the reverse voltage of the rectifiers? For which rated voltage must be
H.V. transformer be ordered.
c) For Cl = C2 = 0.01 JlF and idc= 4 mA, UT= 100 sin (314 t) kV, calculate the maximum
and minimum output voltage. Consider equal voltage drops "~Uc1=~Uc2".
(10 Mark.")
Dr. Eng. Mohamed ELADA WY
Page 2
/
3. •
. '.J.. ~"' •
. J t .• :
-"":.'" .•• ••
I Mansoura University Term 1- Test
High Voltage
Part 2 - 1 naae
Faculty of Engineering Test time for J!.arts 1 and 2 (3 hr's) EE2316
Electrical Eng, Dept. (3
ni
Year) Dr. Mohamed Fawzi Kotb 2016
Question No. (1) [30 degrees]
1. Mark (True) or (False) (6 degrees):
i i ,
a.
HV long transmission lines creates Capacitance and stores energy in a magnetic
field which proportional to the square of voltage.
b.
In the unearthred system earth fault on one line causes increasing voltage on the ---
otlier tWolines anoleads to-insulation de2radation.
c.
When DC Source is applied to a series resistance and capacitor the current will
start with a value of (VIR) and will exponentially increase with time..
d.
When DC Source is applied to capacitor an impulse will be produced with the
magnitude of (VC).
e.
Surge arrestors have very high inductance at normal voltage and very low
inductance at SU)"2evoltaaes,
f.
The value of voltage wave refraction coefficient is (-1) when Overhead
Transmission Line is opened and (2) when it is short circuited.
2. Draw sketches for TT & TN-C and TNS earthing system indicating the earth fault path? (9 degrees)
3. Explain different types of surge arrestors indicating the following: (6 degrees).
v' Advantages and disadvantages.
v The characteristic of each type with the aid of drawings.
4. Draw the connection and location of Surge arrestors used for the following: (9 degrees}
a- Station
b- Transmission line
c- Distribution transformer
Question No. (2) [12 degrees)
1. If de supply is applied to R-L-C circuit, state the relation between i(t) and t and draw its
characteristics when: (4 degrees)
a- Term (b) = 0
b- Term (b) is real value
2. For RC circuit is closed to a 40 Vde while the capacitor was initially charged to 30 volts, R = 500 n
and C = 20 flF. (8 degrees)
a- What is the final voltage of the capacitor after the "end" of the transient?
b- Draw the relation between voltage and time.
Question No. (3) [8 degrees]
i. If Bus Bar has 30.000.0 ampere short circuit current, 400 volts, 3 phase system.
Calculate the Flash Protection Boundary Distance in the following two eases and write your
comments:
a- Using non-current limiting circuit with clearing time is 5 cycles
b- Using current limiting fuses with clearing time 0.5 cycle
.Best Regards
Page 1 of 1
/
4. 3. A ten. stage Cockraft-Walton circuit has all capacitors of 0.06· !J.F. The peak value
secondary voltage of the supply transformer is 100 kVat a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load
current is 1 mA, determine (i) voltage regulation (ii) the ripple (iii) the optimum number
of stages for maximum output voltage (iv) the maximum output voltage. (5 Mark.")
Question 3 (20 Marks):
1. The working principles of single-stage circuits for impulse voltage generation. (5Marks)
2. A 5-stage impulse generator after Marx circuit is to be designed for an impulse voltage of
0= 1 MV. A single-phase transformer ofr.m.s output of u= 175 kV is available to supply
the following arrangement. As impulse capacitances, capacitors of C= 50 nF will be used.
For Re and Rd resistances with the following values are available.
R = 40 n, R = 80 n, and R = 1.3 kO
a) What is the value of the utilization factor of the generator? What is the peak inverse
voltage of the rectifier used for charging the impulse generator?
b) What values have Ci., Re, Ra per stage by a maximum ratio Re/Rd for the utilization
factor calculated in point "a".
c) Calculate T; /Tr of the generated impulse voltage [use k.= 0.73 & kz = 2.96].
elements of the following circuit
diagram are to be treated as ideal.
(5 Mark.l)
u. R2
b f.
1u,
r
11 id,
Rl C2
Ude
[I
3. A high voltage d.c. doubling circuit
(after Greinacher) for 600 kV terminal
voltage at no-load is to be designed for
a Practical Accelerator. All the circuit
a) Sketch the fundamental waveforms of the voltages rh, Uel and Udc. The stationary
conditions under the assumptions idc=Constant and Cl=C2.
b) What should be the nominal rated voltage of the condensers Cl and C2? What is the
peak value of the reverse voltage of the rectifiers? For which rated voltage must be
H.V. transformer be ordered.
c) For Cr ::: C2 ::: 0.01 J-LFand idc= 4 mA, UT:::100 sin (314 t) kV, calculate the maximum
and minimum output voltage. Consider equal voltage drops "liUc1=liUc2".
(10 Mark.r)
Dr. Eng. Mohamed ELADAWY
Page 2
/