The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of local municipal governments. It discusses that municipal councils are elected by residents to govern on their behalf and make decisions about infrastructure, planning, emergency services, recreation, and other programs. It also describes how municipalities are funded primarily through property taxes and how residents can get involved through voting, volunteering, or running for office.
Factors like ambivalence of the ruling government, population explosion, dearth of housing and land has lead to squatter settlements. The reasons for these settlements are manifold. Read the following article to find out what gives rise to squatter settlements.
Factors like ambivalence of the ruling government, population explosion, dearth of housing and land has lead to squatter settlements. The reasons for these settlements are manifold. Read the following article to find out what gives rise to squatter settlements.
Effects of Small Town's Centralization on Spatial Organization of Rural Settl...iosrjce
Centralization in small town is led to functional changes due to increasing Inequality between rural
settlement and cities. On the other hand, mentioned changes are different based on distance with urban center.
Also, these cities effect germ and parasitic role on rural area according to their structure.
The methodology of this study is descriptive –analytic and collecting data is done by documents-library. The
data are generally gathered from scientific centre libraries like universities, organizations, institutes and
research centers such as management and planning organization and internet, official statistics and censuses,
Urban Development Plans By Consulting Engineers, Field Study And So On. Studied Area Is Shandiz &
Torqabeh Cities. Infact, Has Been Studied The Effect Mentioned Cities On Hesar Golestan & Hesar Sorkh
Villages. In Order To , Was Used From Network Analyzed. On The Other Hand, Was Used From Questioner
Tool. Finding Shows, The Relation Between Urban And Rural Area Is Parasitic Theory.
My presentation on Urban Sprawl for Sustainability Information Solutions weekly call.
Urban Sprawl is a situation where large stores, groups of houses, etc. are built in an area around a city that formerly had a few people living in it.
Beyond the Portas review: what next for town centres?Julian Dobson
Seven challenges facing our town centres if they are to revive and thrive in the future, from a shifting retail environment to climate change - and seven responses.
Slides used by Catherine Perry and Neil Berry, Locality at the Big Local spring events. Catherine spoke at the event in Birmingham (on Thursday 8 May 2014)and Neil at the event in York (on Wednesday 21 May 2014), both organised as part of the Local Trust programme of networking and learning events for Big Local residents. The event took place. (Slides include Neil's name as he was last person to use them, but the same slides were used by both Catherine and Neil.)
Effects of Small Town's Centralization on Spatial Organization of Rural Settl...iosrjce
Centralization in small town is led to functional changes due to increasing Inequality between rural
settlement and cities. On the other hand, mentioned changes are different based on distance with urban center.
Also, these cities effect germ and parasitic role on rural area according to their structure.
The methodology of this study is descriptive –analytic and collecting data is done by documents-library. The
data are generally gathered from scientific centre libraries like universities, organizations, institutes and
research centers such as management and planning organization and internet, official statistics and censuses,
Urban Development Plans By Consulting Engineers, Field Study And So On. Studied Area Is Shandiz &
Torqabeh Cities. Infact, Has Been Studied The Effect Mentioned Cities On Hesar Golestan & Hesar Sorkh
Villages. In Order To , Was Used From Network Analyzed. On The Other Hand, Was Used From Questioner
Tool. Finding Shows, The Relation Between Urban And Rural Area Is Parasitic Theory.
My presentation on Urban Sprawl for Sustainability Information Solutions weekly call.
Urban Sprawl is a situation where large stores, groups of houses, etc. are built in an area around a city that formerly had a few people living in it.
Beyond the Portas review: what next for town centres?Julian Dobson
Seven challenges facing our town centres if they are to revive and thrive in the future, from a shifting retail environment to climate change - and seven responses.
Slides used by Catherine Perry and Neil Berry, Locality at the Big Local spring events. Catherine spoke at the event in Birmingham (on Thursday 8 May 2014)and Neil at the event in York (on Wednesday 21 May 2014), both organised as part of the Local Trust programme of networking and learning events for Big Local residents. The event took place. (Slides include Neil's name as he was last person to use them, but the same slides were used by both Catherine and Neil.)
Localism and Decentralisation - Moseley Community Development TrustGavin Wray
Presentation by Tony Thapar and Anna Hraboweckyj from Moseley Community Development Trust given at BVSC Third Sector Assembly event in Birmingham, 21st September 2012.
This document concludes by looking at how a holistic approach is essential when driving sustainable developments, as well as how the future of a resilient city is to believe in an ecosystem where all stakeholders and the environment have a symbiotic relationship. Furthermore, as the world transitions to adopt the learnings from recent responses to emerging challenges at scale, we come to see more resilient and sustainable strategies to drive the growth of cities around the globe.
PUA 6304, Local Government 1 Course Learning Outcomes.docxaryan532920
PUA 6304, Local Government 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify the concept of local government service.
2. Examine the functions of local government.
Reading Assignment
State and Local Government:
Chapter 10:
Local Government: Types and Functions
Unit Lesson
Local governments have a long history in this country. As settlements began to develop there were common
or public needs that were identified. These local needs included the provision of potable water sources,
managing waste water, building roads and bridges and protective services like fire and police. Clearly, the
adoption of the services were aimed at providing local services. To identify and respond to these local needs
the US adopted a model that was far different than the central government model that was prevalent in
Europe. In particular, the US model of governance is based on two tiers in the Constitution (federal and state).
Local governments (which are not specifically identified in the Constitution) are under the jurisdiction of the
states and the state legislature.
As communities developed in the US the model included the use of regular, public gatherings of citizens to
consider the types of services and functions that the community was prepared to initiate. These "town hall"
meetings became a hallmark of American democracy in action. Over time, the increasing complexities in
development patterns required more formal structures and organizations to manage communities properly.
For a more detailed discussion of some of the current challenges and solutions related to local government,
see the National League of Cities (NLC) web site at http://www.nlc.org/. The NLC represents more than
19,000 towns and cities across the US.
Local Councils
On a practical basis, most communities have a physical Town Hall which serves as the operational center for
a local government. As we see in the readings, the role of the local government is to provide local services
that serve the best interest of a community from the perspective of both property related services and
services of benefit to the residents. Of course, this part of the system using locally elected officials is very
similar to that used in state legislatures and the federal system. The main difference is that local officials live
in the communities that they govern full time. Hence, they are more readily available to their friends,
neighbors, and citizens. In many cases, local officials are elected on a district or ward basis allowing them to
represent a specific sub-area of the community. Alternatively, we do see some communities where officials
may be elected at-large, representing the entire city.
Practically, decisions are made by locally-elected officials operating as boards or councils. The spokesperson
for local governments usually takes the role of mayor. Again, this is an elected positi ...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Governing Structure
The Municipal Council
A municipality’s powers
are exercised on behalf of
its residents by a council
elected by them.
2
3. Voting & Running for Council
You are eligible to vote if you are…
• A Canadian citizen
• At least 18 years of age
• A resident in the municipality, or the owner or
renter of land in the municipality, or the
spouse of a resident, owner, or tenant of land
in the municipality.
3
4. Municipal Staff
In all but quite large municipalities, councillors
serve on a part-time basis. Most of them hold
other jobs apart from their duties as councillors.
One of the basic duties of a
council, therefore, is to make
sure that enough staff, with the
right skills, is hired to run the
municipal organization
4
5. Local Infrastructure
Local governments provide services such as
roads and bridges, water supply and sewage
treatment plants which make up a community’s
basic infrastructure
5
6. Planning & Development
Land use decisions by municipalities play a
major role in determining the character and
prosperity of the community.
6
7. Land Use Planning
Municipalities exercise their land use planning
powers in two main ways:
They must adopt an official plan. This
important document sets out the long term
goals for the municipality.
They can pass a zoning by-law. This spells out
specifically how land may be developed within
various areas (zones) of the municipality.
7
8. Managing Growth
New housing is needed if more people are to
move to the municipality.
Factories and businesses are needed if more jobs
are to be created, so that people can find work.
Growth increases the amount of money a
municipality gets from taxes. But too much
growth, or the wrong kind of growth, can bring
problems and costs.
8
10. Amalgamations
Hundreds of new municipalities have been
created in Ontario over the past decade as a
result of amalgamations (mergers of two or
more former municipalities).
10
11. Securing Safe Neighbourhoods
Municipalities are responsible for the
policing within their boundaries.
Municipalities can help to provide
safer neighbourhoods in other ways :
Improving the design and layout of streets and
providing street lighting
Providing community supports, including
adequate recreational facilities and programs
for youth
11
12. Improving the Quality of Life
Public health programs help the
entire population with their
emphasis on disease prevention.
Recreational programs, cultural
programs, and the arts also
support the quality of life.
12
13. Paying for Services
All of the services we have talked about have a
cost. Since money doesn’t grow on trees, how
do we pay for these services?
13
15. Paying for Services
The Property Tax - Local government services
are mainly paid through the property tax.
15
16. You and Your Municipality
Local citizens can become involved in a number
of ways, the most obvious being:
• Voting
• Running for Public Office
• Volunteering for Boards & Committees
• Attending meetings
• A Career in Local Government
16
17. Recreational Programming
Library Services
By-law Enforcement
Nursing
Accounting
Computers
Policing
Water and Waste Water Management
Arts, Culture & Heritage Services
Building Inspection
Communications
Community Services
Corporate Administration
Environmental Services
Facilities Development & Maintenance
Financial Administration & Management
17
Fire & Rescue Services
Editor's Notes
Municipalities are governed by councils made up of elected officials.“A municipality’s powers are exercised on behalf of its residents by a council elected by them.”This means that residents can’t make all the decisions or handle all the tasks that are needed. They elect Council members who act on their behalf to make those decisions.The minimum size for a municipal council is five members, including the head of council. Beyond that minimum size, municipalities have some flexibility as to the composition of their councils.How many members of Council does Springwater have?Do you know what ward you live in or who your Councillor is?
How do we get these members of Council?These are the criteria to be able to vote in a municipal election.To be a candidate and run for municipal office, you must first be qualified to vote, as outlined above, and must:file nomination papers (including a declaration of qualification);pay a nomination fee ($100 for council candidates and $200 for candidates for head of council)
But members of Council aren’t the only ones working in a municipality. Most members of council are only part time. Many have other full time jobs.So in order to keep the municipality running full time, Council has to make sure that there is a proper staff to run the municipal organization.Traditionally, the Clerk and Treasurer have been two of the main municipal employees, and municipalities are still required by law to fill these two positions.
Local governments provide many services, such as the ones listed here.Can anyone name another service provided by local governments?
Local governments make decisions on what type of development can be built in what areas.
Municipalities need to adopt an official plan and they can adopt a zoning by-law.The official plan is a long-range document, and the zoning by-law tells people what type of development can be put on which land.The Township of Springwater Council also sits as the Planning Committee, which deals with issues related to Planning.
Most municipalities need, and want, some growth. But too much growth, or the wrong kind of growth, can bring problems and costs. Striking a balance is an ongoing challenge.
The Township of Springwater has four fire halls located around the Township in Midhurst, Minesing, Hillsdale and Elmvale.We have several full time staff firefighters, but we are served by volunteer firefighters.
The Township of Springwater is an amalgamated municipality.Can anyone name one of the pre-amalgamation municipalities?Prior to 1994, there was the Township of Flos and Vespra, and the Village of Elmvale.Springwater also incorporated a portion of the former Township of Medonte. As well, a small parcel previously within the Town of Wasaga Beach was merged with the new municipality.
Springwater is policed by the Huronia West detachment of the OPP. This same detachment also covers the Town of Wasaga Beach and the Township of Clearview.We also have a Community Policing Committee which looks at issues of policing in Springwater Township. They are the committee behind Stanley the Speed Sign that you may have seen out on the streets.
Quality of life is also an issues that local councils face.Recreation departments offer recreational, cultural, and artistic programming for residents.The Big Buddies program, March Break and Summer Camps, are all recreation programs.
Those who drive a car pay a fee for a driver’s license and also pay regularly to renew the stickers for the licence plates on their cars. Those who use community poolsThose who travel abroad pay a fee to obtain a passport. These are examples of fee based services from the 3 levels of government (Federal, Provincial, and Local). In all these cases, there is a direct link between the payment made and the service received – just as there is when we purchase private goods.
The property tax is based on the value of “real property” owned by individuals or corporations.All the land in a municipality can be divided into different properties such as houses, apartment buildings, condominiums, stores, malls, schools, hospitals, prisons, factories, farms, parks, and vacant lots. These form the tax base of the municipality.A dollar value (usually referred to as the assessed value) is placed on all property. The basic objective is to assess property at its current value or market value. What is your house worth if you sold it today? That is the market value of your house and something very close to that amount should also be its assessed value.
There are a number of career areas that are needed in a municipal government. These are all in addition to the other methods of getting involved noted on the last slide!