Privatization in Chile has had several impacts on the labor force. Workers in privatized firms receive protections like advanced severance payments and the option to purchase shares. Privatization has led to greater investment and a growing labor force. While some jobs were reduced initially, most privatized firms now employ more workers both directly and through increased outsourcing compared to before privatization. Charts show investments and employment increasing at various privatized utilities and companies after the privatization process.
The Economics Center created an analytical tool to forecast commercial property values and TIF revenues for TIF districts. This tool is simple and dynamic, requiring a minimum amount of user input but still flexible in constructing optimistic and pessimistic forecasts to approximate a variety of underlying conditions.
Chintay Shih — Role of Public Research InstitutesRenata George
Summit of Innovation Economy Creators.
Chintay Shih.
Стоял у истоков технологического развития Тайваня. Советник по науке и технологиям правительства Тайваня. Специальный советник Азиатско-Тихоокеанского совета лидерства (союз промышленников АТР). 9 лет возглавлял Институт исследований промышленных технологий Тайваня. Профессор и декан факультета управления технологиями Цинхуа. В совете директоров ряда венчурных компаний. Руководил Китайским институтом инженеров, Азиатско-тихоокеанской ассоциацией по защите интеллектуальной собственности, Ассоциацией полупроводниковой промышленностиТайваня, Китайским обществом управления технологиями.
The Economics Center created an analytical tool to forecast commercial property values and TIF revenues for TIF districts. This tool is simple and dynamic, requiring a minimum amount of user input but still flexible in constructing optimistic and pessimistic forecasts to approximate a variety of underlying conditions.
Chintay Shih — Role of Public Research InstitutesRenata George
Summit of Innovation Economy Creators.
Chintay Shih.
Стоял у истоков технологического развития Тайваня. Советник по науке и технологиям правительства Тайваня. Специальный советник Азиатско-Тихоокеанского совета лидерства (союз промышленников АТР). 9 лет возглавлял Институт исследований промышленных технологий Тайваня. Профессор и декан факультета управления технологиями Цинхуа. В совете директоров ряда венчурных компаний. Руководил Китайским институтом инженеров, Азиатско-тихоокеанской ассоциацией по защите интеллектуальной собственности, Ассоциацией полупроводниковой промышленностиТайваня, Китайским обществом управления технологиями.
2012 National Governors Association Growing State Economies SummitJack Brittain
Describes the Utah Science, Technology, and Research (USTAR) Economic Development Initiative, the collaboration strategy with Utah's research universities, and the technology commercialization organization changes made by the University of Utah.
www. parker.com/aboutus With annual sales exceeding $13 billion in fiscal year 2012, Parker Hannifin is the world’s leading diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems. Strong competitive advantages, a clear strategy and goals, consistent execution and performance, and many opportunities for growth, have allowed the company to consistently deliver strong shareholder returns. Parker has increased its annual dividends paid to shareholders for 56 consecutive fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index.
2012 National Governors Association Growing State Economies SummitJack Brittain
Describes the Utah Science, Technology, and Research (USTAR) Economic Development Initiative, the collaboration strategy with Utah's research universities, and the technology commercialization organization changes made by the University of Utah.
www. parker.com/aboutus With annual sales exceeding $13 billion in fiscal year 2012, Parker Hannifin is the world’s leading diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems. Strong competitive advantages, a clear strategy and goals, consistent execution and performance, and many opportunities for growth, have allowed the company to consistently deliver strong shareholder returns. Parker has increased its annual dividends paid to shareholders for 56 consecutive fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index.
Line by environment interaction, yield stability and grouping of test locatio...ILRI
Presented by Kassaye Negash and Kidane Tumsa (National Lowland Pulses Research Program at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center-EIAR) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION
OVER LABOR FORCE
In a Sample of Privatized Firms in Chile
CORFO, the Chilean Economic Development Agency
SOE’s Administration & Privatisation Committee, SEP
Carlos Mladinic, Chairman, SEP, cmladinic@corfo.cl
2. THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION
UPON LABOR FORCE
• There are multiple impacts from privatization upon workers
and the labor force, which not necessarily involve a cutdown
of workers in privatized firms.
• In Chile, privatization has resulted in greater investment,
which has had a positive impact over the country’s labor
force.
• In state-owned firms transferred to the private sector,
workers are protected by agreements that increase stability,
severance protection and direct additional benefits.
3. BENEFITS FOR WORKERS
Privatizations during the 90’s
1.- Advanced legal severance payment, plus additional
W compensation.
O
R 2.- Option to purchase shares for up to 10% of the
K firm at preferential prices.
E
3.- CORFO’s credit to purchase shares, payable in 18
R years, with preferential interest rate.
S
4.- Personal credit of up to 87% the price of the shares
as liquidity support for consumption (preferential rate)
5.- Special severance packages for workers dismissed
during the first 24 months after privatization
4. BENEFITS FOR WORKERS
Privatizations during the 80’s
W 1.- Advanced payment of up to 90% of legal
O benefits; the worker is obliged to earmark 80%
R to purchase shares.
K
2.- 30% of the shares available for workers at
E
preferential prices.
R
S
3.- The amount due of severance payment is paid
when the worker retires.
4.- Preferential rate credit for personal
consumption.
5. COMPAÑÍA de ACERO del PACIFICO C.A.P (Iron Mines
& Steel Mill)
Trend for investments and Labor Force
CAP Investments and Workers
60 10,000
Workerss
Investme
Million
No. of
40
US$
nts
5,000
20
0 0
1987 1995 2000
Inversiones Trabajadores
6. Compañía de Telefonos de Chile CTC (Basic Telecom
Company)
Trend of investments and labor force
CTC Investments and Workers
600 10,000
500
No. of Workers
8,000
Investments
US$ Million
400
6,000
300
4,000
200
100 2,000
0 0
1987 1995 2000
Inversiones Trabajadores
7. Compañía Chilena de Electricidad, CHILECTRA
(Power Utility)
Trend Of Investments And Labor Force
Chilectra Investments and Workers
50 3.000
No. of Workers
40 2.500
Investments
US$ Million
2.000
30
1.500
20
1.000
10 500
0 0
1987 1995 2000
Inversiones Trabajadores
8. Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Chile ENTEL (Long
Distance Telecom Company)
Trend of Investments and Labor Force
Entel Investments and Workers
140 2.000
120
No. of Workers
Investments
US$ Million
100 1.500
80
1.000
60
40 500
20
0 0
1987 1995 2000
Inversiones Trabajadores
9. LAN Chile (Flag Airline)
Trend of Investments and Labor Force
LAN Chile Investments and Workers
60 7.000
6.000
No. of Workers
50
Investments
US$ Million
40 5.000
4.000
30
3.000
20 2.000
10 1.000
0 0
1987 1995 2000
Inversiones Trabajadores
10. IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION UPON LABOR FORCE
IN WATER UTILITIES
1999 2000 2001 2002
Total Esval workforce 720 529 478 376
Outsourced workforce 325 446 784 833
Public Works workforce 750 650 1.600 3.000
1999 2000 2001 2002
Total Aguas Andinas workforce 1.550 1.342 1.174 1.202
Outsourced workforce 150 150 250 300
Public Works workforce 2.100 3.400 3.800 4.000
11. A comparison: privatizations during the ‘80s and ‘90s:
Sales values got by SEP
Privatizations Company's N° Times
Stake sold Sales Value
during the 80's net worth Profit
Endesa 60,9% 521,4 856,2 9
Gener 95,1% 88,3 92,8 4
Chilectra 81,6% 117,0 143,4 4
Chilquinta 84,8% 29,1 34,3 5
Iansa 80,6% 48,5 60,2 7
Entel 62,0% 124,5 200,8 4
Soquimich 93,0% 208,7 224,4 4
Cap 59,6% 68,9 115,6 4
Total 1.206,4 1.727,7
Privatizations Company's N° Times
Stake sold Sales Value
SEP net worth Profit
Edelaysen 91,0% 43,0 47,3 56
Esval 40,0% 104,9 314,0 22
Emos 42,0% 918,7 1.755,3 37
Essal 51,0% 93,6 183,5 60
Essel 45,0% 122,4 238,8 58
Essbio 51,0% 283,0 586,0 46
Essam - 178,9 178,9 46
Total 1.744,5 3.303,8
12. OUTSOURCED LABOR FORCE
FIRMS PRIVATIZED IN THE 80’s
Outsourced workers 1987 1995 2000
Cap 0 26 44
CTC 6.168 38.304 51.549
Chilectra 145 1.238 2.283
Lan Chile N/I N/I N/I
Entel 1.330 5.846 7.698
Total Outsourced Workers 7.643 45.414 61.574
13. IMPACT UPON LABOR FORCE
FIRMS PRIVATIZED IN THE 80’s
Workers/Firms with respect toTotal Work Force
1,6%
1,4%
outsourced labor + own workers
1,2%
1,0%
0,8%
0,6%
Own workers
0,4%
0,2%
0,0%
1987 1995 2000
Years
Internos Inter + Exter
15. WATER UTILITIES
TREND OF INVESTMENTS AND LABOR FORCE
Workers and Investments in Water Utilities
250 3.500
3.000
200
No. of Workers
2.500
US$ Million
150 2.000
100 1.500
Total Investments
1.000
50
500
0 0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Año
Total Inversiones Total Trabajadores
16. THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION UPON
WORKERS AND LABOR FORCE
Conclusions
• Corporate investments have increased as a result of
privatizations in Chile, with a positive impact upon the labor
force.
• In the sample of firms privatized during the 80’s, workers
(both direct and indirect) increased their share of National
Work Force from 0.58% in 1987, to 1.34% in 2000. Direct
employment created by the firms of the sample privatized
during the 80’s decreased from 0.41% to 0.28%.
• Direct employment in the sample of firms transferred during
the 90’s decreased by 32% during the last years. This may
reflect previous overstaffing as well as deeper and quicker
outsourcing processes. There are no figures available for
indirect employment resulting from the externalization of
operations or increased investments.
17. THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION UPON
WORKERS AND LABOR FORCE
Conclusions
• Workers must be involved in privatization processes. In Chile, the
success of the process is explained by the direct involvement of the
workers, as well as by the execution of previous agreements that
directly benefited them, for example:
Participation in the firm’s shareholding.
Privatization’s Success bonuses.
Extra compensation in case of discharge, during a specific time
period, protecting the vulnerability of elder or less skilled
workers.
Overall, special benefits well above those granted by state-
owned firms.
18. THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION UPON
WORKERS AND LABOR FORCE
Conclusions
• Investments made in 2000 in the sample of firms privatized in the
80’s exceed by 450% those made in 1987, prior to their privatization,
while in 1995 they had been 660% greater.
• Investment increased from US$ 71 million to US$ 221 million in
water utilities privatized in the 90’s, with a positive impact upon the
country’s employment.
• Impact on employment does not depend on whether the firms’
shares are controlled by the State or by the private sector, rather on
the growth of the industry, and on the ability to investment of such
firms.
• For example, telecommunications industry’s sales in 1987 –when the
state-owned firms were privatized– amounted to US$ 308, while they
reached US$ 2,613 million in 2000. However, this requires investment
volumes that the State was unable to afford.
Editor's Notes
2.- El Precio preferencial es: (80% of the value offered for controlling stake) 4.- preferential rate equal to mortgage credit interest 5.- 16 to 18 month of salary in case of early unemployment
2.- A PRICE EQUAL TO THE HIGHEST EXCHANGE LISTING DURING THE LAST 30 DAYS. 4.- Consumption credit at long term mortgage interest rate
EVOLUTION OF INVESTMENT AND WORKFORCE IN PRIVATIZED COMPANIES From this slide on, you can see both investment done, and work force in some privatized companies during the Eigthies These are CAP (iron and steel mill), CTC, (basic telecom company) CHILECTRA an Energy Util ity, and LAN, the Chilean flag airline In the case of CAP, you see that investment has greatly increased after privatization, while workforce diminishes from 7.000 to 4.000 workers
In the case of CTC, (basic telecom company), investment increases even more, from less that US$ 100 millions yearly, to almost US$ 6000 in 2000. About workforce, , it increases sharply, with an important increase of outsourced labor
In the case of CHILECTRA, an Energy Utility investment increases and labor force shrinkes, form over 2.500 workers to 1.000
ENTEL, a long distance telecom company have seen the workforce remain stable while investment increases from US$ 20 million, to over US$ 1.500 millions
In LAN, as investments increses, workforce increases even more, from less than 1.000 workers to almost 6.000 employees.
OUT SOURCED LABOR FORCE In this slide you can see the evolution out sourced labor force during the ‘80s. Increase of outsourced labor force, more than compensates disminution of CHILECTRA own workers It can also been seen the increase of outsource labor in CTC and ENTEL,which takes the number of workers from 7.643 in 1987 to 61.574 in year 2000.