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- 1. THORACIC LIMB SKELETON OFTHE THORACIC LIMB 1-Scapula Anatomy course 1 Pre-clinical cycle Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1 Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 2. Introduction : Clavicle(collarbone);Reduced to a fibrous intersection in the brachiocephalic M, ossified in cats. • Adaptation to locomotion: • Flattening of the thorax • Bringing together of the scapulohumeral joints • Pendular movement of the limbs • Radius longer than the humerus • Lengthening of the hand, reduction in the number of fingers Thoracic limb Skeleton of the thoracic limb Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 3. Scapula Even bones ,Flat , triangular , asymmetrical bone Forms the bony base of the shoulder • Located on the side of the cranial part of the thorax oblique in the cranio-ventral direction • Ventrally : Art. with humerus Flat bone, pressed against the thorax. No articulation with the trunk Scapula Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 4. Conformation : Scapula •Triangularshape • Two faces : 1- Médial or costal 2- Latéral • Three edges (borders) : Dorsal (vertébral) , cranial et caudal • Trois angles : Cranial, caudal and ventral Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 5. 1- Lateral face Dividedby a long crest extending dorso-ventrally called the "Scapular spine ". «SS» SS: Divides the lateral face into 02 parts : Cranial: forms the supraspinous fossa • Caudal: forms the infraspinous fossa (subspinous fossa), with impressions of muscle insertions. In the middle of the scapular spine, there is a pronounced roughness known as the spine tuberosity(2’), which is highly developed in equids. Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 6. 2- Medial face(costal ) • Smooth and hollow for the most part • Forms the subscapular fossa (1) • Serrated triangles (2) 2 2 1 Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 7. 3-Borders (Edges) there areThree : 1- Dorsal border(vertébral) : thick and rough , slightly convex , adjacent to the spinal column Extended by a fibro-cartilaginous blade (scapular cartilage)(half- moon-shaped scapular cartilage) 2- Cranial Border : Thin , convex, it ends in a concave part called the "scapular incisure". 3- Caudal Border : Thick and rough , marked by strong imprints muscle insertions Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 8. 4- Angles :There are 03 1- Angle cranial : Thin and flattened 2- Angle caudal or axillary : Thick 3- Angle ventral : Very thick, connected to the rest of the bone by a neck , and it forms the only true joint between the scapula and another bone in most domestic animals This angle is carved by a large elliptical articular surface Glenoid cavity : receives head of humerus This cavity is indented in its cranio-medial part by a rough depression called the "glenoidal incision". Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 9. Angle ventral : •Cranially: "supraglenoidal tubercle". • Medial: is surmounted by a short process curved into a beak Called the "coracoid process". • Caudally: The cavity is surmounted by a small, less prominent and less wide tubercle called the "infraglenoidal tubercle" Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 10. Particularités specifiques Equidae Cattle -Scapular spine progressively receding at 02 extremities The subscapular fossa is deep The scapular spine is prominent and its ventral end rises to form a narrow, pointed acromion. - The tuberosity of the spine is wide, thick and rough. - The infraspinous fossa is 02 wider (large) than the supraspinous fossa The subscapular fossa is not very deep - The supraglenoidal tubercle is large and elongated The infraspinous fossa is 03 wider (large) than the supraspinous fossa - The subscapular fossa is deep Scapula «cat and dog» Scapula «horse» Dog and cat : The scapular spine terminates ventrally in an acromion Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1
- 11. supra spinous fossa infraspinous fossa Scapular cartilage Scapular spine tuber.Scapular spine Supra glenoidal tubercule neck of scapula Glenoid cavity Dr. YAHIMI A. ISV BLIDA 1