this document gives an introduction to scientific research in academic carreer aimed to guide students in their assignments

1. ‫قسم‬
‫البيطرة‬
‫الطارف‬
DSV
ELTARF

2. Introduction to Research
& group Work
Bechenoune Houssam

3. Table of content
A. Research
1)Introduction to research
2)Properties of research
B. Team
Principles for organizing group
work

5. What is research?
Research is a term loosely used in
everyday speech to describe a multitude
of activities, such as collecting masses of
information, and delving into theories.

6. Objectives of Research
Research is used as
the main tool in
almost all fields to
acquire knowledge.

7. We may all be considered as
researchers owing to our search
for answers and solutions.
But in academic
circles research is
more methodical.

8. Objectives Of research
A. Understand better the material we study.
B. Evaluate carefully what we read.
C. Understand what is behind what we
read and what other experts tell.

9. Research offers the opportunity to
learn skills which we need now and
in further studies.

10. Research is not always personal,
but it may be a kind of duty
fulfillment.

11. Motivation in Research
External sources
Expectations of parents.

12. Internal sources
What people want to achieve without
any intention to receive a reward from
the others. The only reward that one
needs is his or her success.

13. Motivation in Research
- Desire to learn how to face difficulties
and solve problems.
- Desire to get a job or gain some respect
in society.
- Desire to conduct projects and serve
people in a way or another.

14. Significance of Research
Research is also very helpful in
business, economy and problems of
industry.

15. Types of Research

16. Quantitative:
If there are only a
few resources
and the research
is limited by time.

17. Qualitative
If there is a need to
understand a problem
from the participants
perspective and not the
researcher's perspective,
the qualitative research
type is more suitable.

18. Research Approaches

19. Historical research

20. Comparative research

21. Descriptive research

22. Experimental Research

23. Evaluation Research

24. Research Resources

25. Questionnaires
Researchers must be
very careful in putting
questions which will
yield the needed data.

26. Documents
This method is used by
almost all researchers
because they need to
read, interpret, and
analyze what others
have written.
Researchers should
know more about their
problems through
consulting various
sources.

27. Interviews
Question and discuss
topics with people.
The interview can be
more useful in
getting data than the
observation or the
questionnaire

28. Research Process

29. 1. What we want to study (the research question).
2. How do we want to study it (the design).
4. How best to acquire information (the data-
collection techniques).
5. How best to analyze the information that we
acquire (the data analysis).
6. How and with whom to share our findings (the
dissemination process).
7. How to confirm our findings (the verification
process).

30. The researcher relies on
a general statement and
then seeks more detailed
information.
Deductive reasoning
"top-down approach"

31. In research, there is no right or
wrong direction and it all depends on
whether the selected approach fits
the investigation and its purposes.

33. Criteria for a solid start

34. 1. Is there sufficient time for the design of
the research, data collection and data
analysis?
2. Will an adequate number and a suitable
diversity of people, events (presentations),
etc. be included?
3. Will the data be precise and detailed?
4. Can I avoid any deception or
misrepresentation in my dealings with the
research subjects?

35. Problems we often encounter

36. The Literature Review and its Importance
Critical evaluation.
Summarize concepts and theories.
Find research objectives.

37. What is a Research Problem?
There must be a clear and suitable
problem to address and state the
objectives in a clear manner.

38. Selecting and identifying the
Problem
1.Determine the field of research.
2. Pin-point specific aspect of the
problem which is to be investigated.

39. The research design is the overall plan put
forward by students to carry out the
assignment.
Research Design
The purpose of the
research determine the
design of the research.

40. Meta-analysis
Examination of data from a number
of studies of the same subject

42. Case study
A case study or
report describes a
condition, diagnosis,
and/or treatment for
a specific clinical
case.

43. Systematic Review
Meta-Analysis + Evaluation

45. Managing group work
Acquire knowledge
Learn to better work together

46. When to opt for Group Work?
Research agrees: group work is
an effective and efficient way
to any learning objective.

47. What does group
work teach?

48. •Cognitive goals: actively listening to and
thinking along with fellow students, reflecting
critically on their own understanding,
identifying misconceptions, clarifying
confusion, exposing conflicting statements,
summarizing and explaining topics in own
words, developing, adjusting and following up
on plans, etc.
•Cooperation skills: communication,
management, leadership, etc.
•Social skills: giving feedback in
a non-threatening and
supportive way, taking into
account the suggestions of
others, etc.

49. The work cannot be split
randomly amongst group
members.
Cannot be carried out by one
person without the input from
other group members.

50. Group composition
1) Organize and divide the
group.
2) Determine the size of the
group.

51.  Differences in intellectual skills, prior
knowledge, etc.
 Differences in task-related skills,
knowledge of group dynamics, etc.
 Differences in areas of interest, balance
between men and women, etc.
Points to consider

52. Group size
Four to six people is ideal.
Greater the group ˃ Lower the individual
performance.
If you choose larger groups, make sure that
individual contributions are visible to avoid
freeriding behavior.

53. Forming random groups
Students should learn to work with
people whom they do not know very well.
 Raises educational experience.
 Minimizes the impact of friendships.

54. Scheduled group meetings
A weekly contact is
especially relevant
for students who
participate in group
work.

55. In group meetings
1. Introduce the topic, activate prior
knowledge.
2. Discuss and clarify the assignment.
3. Discuss the design and time
management.
4. Role distribution.

56. Clarify
what is
expected

57. Problems such
as freeriding,
social loafing or
other (social)
conflicts.
How to deal with
dysfunctional
group?

59.  An authentic problem
statement with clear
and achievable
objectives.
 A well-thought-out
group.
 Appropriate guidance
and monitoring.
Last resolve :
dissemble the group.

60. References
1. MOHAMED KHIDER UNIVERSITY OF
BISKRA, Faculty of Letters and
Languages, Department of Foreign
Languages, English Division, Course
Title: Research Methodology: An
Introduction, Prepared by: Dr.
Ramdane MEHIRI.
2. Ghent University, Home>
For Lecturers> Overview Teaching
Methods> Glossary>

61. Thank you