This document discusses hygiene practices for surgical patients, including:
- Two types of patient regimens - common and bed care
- Strict, usual, and active bed care regimens and their associated activities
- Daily hygiene practices for patients under common and bed care regimens
- Special hygiene considerations for sensitive areas like the perineum for bedridden patients
- Equipment and structure of operating theaters and dressing rooms to maintain sterility
This document outlines preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care. In the preoperative stage, nurses prepare patients physically and psychologically for surgery through teaching and assessment. During surgery, nurses play sterile and circulating roles to assist the surgeon and advocate for the patient. Postoperatively, nurses closely monitor vital signs and the surgical site, educate patients on recovery, and report any complications to the doctor. The goal is to prevent issues during and after surgery and safely guide patients through the perioperative process.
This document provides tips and guidelines for using a PowerPoint presentation on daycare and ambulatory surgery. It discusses selecting appropriate patients, pre-operative preparation, types of procedures suitable for daycare surgery, anesthetic management, post-operative care and discharge criteria. Key points include emphasizing patient education, optimizing medical conditions, using regional anesthesia when possible, controlling pain and nausea, and ensuring a caregiver is present post-discharge.
Help the patient to return to bed.
Nurse: Thank you for your assistance. I will now finish up.
Finishing
A. Position the patient comfortably in bed.
B. Arrange personal items within reach.
C. Provide education and thank the patient.
D. Clean materials and document care.
The document describes an advanced nursing course that will equip students with skills in areas like medical, surgical, and public health units as well as administering medications, dressings wounds, and following infection prevention principles. The course objectives, content, wound care procedures, suturing, and factors that promote or impair wound healing are outlined in detail.
This document provides an overview of skills and responsibilities for an advanced patient care technician position, including:
1) Providing basic patient care like bathing, bed making, and assisting with activities of daily living.
2) Supporting patients and families dealing with end of life issues through listening, providing comfort, and making referrals.
3) Setting up and assisting with equipment like oxygen tanks and alternating pressure mattresses.
4) Performing tasks like dressing changes, transfers, and vital sign monitoring.
Providing safe and clean environment.pptxAnju Kumawat
This document discusses factors that influence the healthcare environment and the nurse's role in promoting patient safety. It identifies temperature, ventilation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, neatness, privacy and pest control as key environmental factors. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper temperatures, ventilation, odor control and cleanliness. It outlines specific strategies nurses can use to promote safety, such as orienting patients, assessing fall risk, ensuring call lights are accessible and answering them promptly.
Providing safe and clean environment.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document discusses factors that influence the environment for patients, including temperature, ventilation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, and pest control. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe, clean, and comfortable environment. The nurse's role is to assess safety risks, orient patients, ensure call lights and items are within reach, and take precautions to prevent accidents like falls through regular toileting, non-skid footwear, and grab bars. The overall goal is to promote patient comfort while minimizing health risks.
This document outlines preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care. In the preoperative stage, nurses prepare patients physically and psychologically for surgery through teaching and assessment. During surgery, nurses play sterile and circulating roles to assist the surgeon and advocate for the patient. Postoperatively, nurses closely monitor vital signs and the surgical site, educate patients on recovery, and report any complications to the doctor. The goal is to prevent issues during and after surgery and safely guide patients through the perioperative process.
This document provides tips and guidelines for using a PowerPoint presentation on daycare and ambulatory surgery. It discusses selecting appropriate patients, pre-operative preparation, types of procedures suitable for daycare surgery, anesthetic management, post-operative care and discharge criteria. Key points include emphasizing patient education, optimizing medical conditions, using regional anesthesia when possible, controlling pain and nausea, and ensuring a caregiver is present post-discharge.
Help the patient to return to bed.
Nurse: Thank you for your assistance. I will now finish up.
Finishing
A. Position the patient comfortably in bed.
B. Arrange personal items within reach.
C. Provide education and thank the patient.
D. Clean materials and document care.
The document describes an advanced nursing course that will equip students with skills in areas like medical, surgical, and public health units as well as administering medications, dressings wounds, and following infection prevention principles. The course objectives, content, wound care procedures, suturing, and factors that promote or impair wound healing are outlined in detail.
This document provides an overview of skills and responsibilities for an advanced patient care technician position, including:
1) Providing basic patient care like bathing, bed making, and assisting with activities of daily living.
2) Supporting patients and families dealing with end of life issues through listening, providing comfort, and making referrals.
3) Setting up and assisting with equipment like oxygen tanks and alternating pressure mattresses.
4) Performing tasks like dressing changes, transfers, and vital sign monitoring.
Providing safe and clean environment.pptxAnju Kumawat
This document discusses factors that influence the healthcare environment and the nurse's role in promoting patient safety. It identifies temperature, ventilation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, neatness, privacy and pest control as key environmental factors. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper temperatures, ventilation, odor control and cleanliness. It outlines specific strategies nurses can use to promote safety, such as orienting patients, assessing fall risk, ensuring call lights are accessible and answering them promptly.
Providing safe and clean environment.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document discusses factors that influence the environment for patients, including temperature, ventilation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, and pest control. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe, clean, and comfortable environment. The nurse's role is to assess safety risks, orient patients, ensure call lights and items are within reach, and take precautions to prevent accidents like falls through regular toileting, non-skid footwear, and grab bars. The overall goal is to promote patient comfort while minimizing health risks.
This document provides guidance on perineal care for nursing students. It outlines 8 learning outcomes for students, which include assessing patients' needs, choosing appropriate techniques and equipment, demonstrating proper techniques, and documenting the procedure. It then discusses principles of perineal care, indications for care, supplies needed, and step-by-step procedures for female and male patients. The goal is to thoroughly clean the genital area while maintaining privacy, comfort and infection prevention.
Perioperative nursing refers to nursing care provided during the three phases of surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase involves preparing the patient both physically and psychologically before surgery. The intraoperative phase involves providing care during the procedure in the restricted operating room. The postoperative phase involves caring for the patient after surgery as they recover in the post-anesthesia care unit or surgical ward.
This document discusses dental auxiliaries and their roles. It explains that dental auxiliaries include dental assistants, dental therapists, dental hygienists, and dental technicians. Each play an important supporting role to dentists and are licensed to perform certain procedures depending on regional regulations. The document then provides more details on the specific roles and allowed tasks of each type of dental auxiliary.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of nursing related to basic hygienic care. It outlines the objectives of describing various types of hygienic care nurses provide including bathing, oral hygiene, hair care, and bed baths. It also defines electrolytes and their roles in fluid movement in the body. The document describes procedures for oral hygiene, hair care, bed baths and identifies equipment used. It also defines different types of fluid movement including diffusion, osmosis, active transport and filtration. Finally, it outlines the major electrolytes in the body including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate and their roles and normal ranges.
This document provides information on basic nursing care procedures including genital care, urinary elimination, specimen collection, and enema administration. It outlines the objectives, equipment, and step-by-step procedures for each topic. Details are given for genital care of both male and female patients, facilitating urinary elimination, use of urinals and bedpans, condom drainage, and different types of enemas. Guidelines are also provided for collecting specimens such as urine, stool, blood, and sputum.
The document provides information on common emergency room procedures and the nursing responsibilities associated with each. It discusses procedures like laceration repair, splinting, intraosseous access, abscess drainage, lumbar puncture, chest tubes, NG/OG tubes, intubation, foley catheter placement, paracentesis, and nasal packing. For each procedure, it outlines the nursing responsibilities which include obtaining consent, preparing equipment, assisting physicians, monitoring vital signs, providing education and aftercare, and documenting. The overall document serves as a guide for nurses on their roles and responsibilities when assisting with various emergency room procedures.
A colostomy is a surgical opening in the colon that is brought through the abdominal wall to allow stool to exit the body. It can be temporary to allow the colon to heal after surgery or permanent. Nurses provide pre- and post-operative care for patients with colostomies, which involves educating them on stoma care like changing pouches and monitoring for issues like irritation or infection. Proper nursing care and teaching patients self-care techniques helps them adjust to life after colostomy surgery.
The document provides guidelines for ICU unit design and equipment reprocessing. Key recommendations include: beds should be 2.5-3 meters apart; partitions must be easily cleaned; separate areas are needed for clean storage, soiled storage, and medication preparation; ventilation should be controlled; traffic flow should limit contamination; and equipment like ventilator circuits and suction catheters have specific reprocessing methods to prevent infection spread. Daily, terminal, and scheduled environmental cleaning is also outlined.
Guidelines for patients receiving radioiodine i 131 treatmentAmin Amin
Radioiodine 131I treatment involves temporarily emitting small amounts of radiation from the body that can expose others. The document provides guidelines for patients to minimize radiation exposure to others during the first week following treatment. It recommends maintaining distance, not sharing items or food, and properly disposing of bodily fluids and contaminated items.
The document describes the roles and responsibilities of the surgical team which includes the surgeon, anesthesiologist, surgical assistants, scrub nurse, and circulating nurse. It explains that the surgical team works together to ensure patient safety and care during surgical procedures. Appropriate attire and aseptic technique are essential to prevent infection and maintain a sterile environment in the operating room.
The document provides information on hygienic needs and oral hygiene care. It discusses the importance of hygiene for patient health and comfort. Different types of baths are described, including complete bed baths, partial baths, and sitz baths used to clean specific areas. Step-by-step procedures are outlined for administering bed baths and providing oral care. Maintaining proper hygiene is indicated for bedridden patients and those who are unconscious or have limited mobility.
Catheterization is the process of inserting a catheter into the urinary tract. It is used to drain urine from the bladder for various clinical reasons like surgery, inability to void, or monitoring urine output. The proper procedure involves preparing the patient and environment, selecting the correct catheter size and type, cleaning the perineal area aseptically, lubricating the catheter, and slowly inserting it into the urethra until urine flows or the catheter is at the proper depth. The balloon is then inflated to retain the catheter and the drainage bag is attached to collect urine. Catheterization must be done aseptically to prevent urinary tract infections.
This document provides information on nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. It defines nasogastric tube insertion as the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the stomach. It then discusses the purposes, principles, indications, contraindications, instructions, equipment, and procedures for nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. The key steps involved in nasogastric tube feeding are confirming proper tube placement in the stomach, administering nutrients or medications through the tube slowly by gravity or pump, and providing aftercare to the patient.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to hospitals and nursing. It defines a hospital as an institution that provides medical care for sick or injured people. It notes that hospitals have various classifications and departments. The document also outlines the main functions of hospitals, including diagnosing and treating illnesses and injuries. It mentions that hospitals have healthcare teams consisting of different professional roles like nurses. The document concludes by stating it will cover etiquettes for hospitals.
maintenance of therapeutic environment in ot.pptxDishaThakur53
1) Maintaining a sterile environment in the operating theatre is important to prevent infections. Proper cleaning, disinfection, and use of sterile techniques and equipment are required.
2) A therapeutic environment for patients involves ensuring comfort, cleanliness, individualized care, and a friendly atmosphere to promote healing.
3) Factors like temperature, humidity, air quality, lighting, and noise levels must be controlled to create an optimal sterile environment for surgery. Strict protocols are followed to prepare patients and staff and establish the sterile field.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
This document provides guidance on perineal care for nursing students. It outlines 8 learning outcomes for students, which include assessing patients' needs, choosing appropriate techniques and equipment, demonstrating proper techniques, and documenting the procedure. It then discusses principles of perineal care, indications for care, supplies needed, and step-by-step procedures for female and male patients. The goal is to thoroughly clean the genital area while maintaining privacy, comfort and infection prevention.
Perioperative nursing refers to nursing care provided during the three phases of surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase involves preparing the patient both physically and psychologically before surgery. The intraoperative phase involves providing care during the procedure in the restricted operating room. The postoperative phase involves caring for the patient after surgery as they recover in the post-anesthesia care unit or surgical ward.
This document discusses dental auxiliaries and their roles. It explains that dental auxiliaries include dental assistants, dental therapists, dental hygienists, and dental technicians. Each play an important supporting role to dentists and are licensed to perform certain procedures depending on regional regulations. The document then provides more details on the specific roles and allowed tasks of each type of dental auxiliary.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of nursing related to basic hygienic care. It outlines the objectives of describing various types of hygienic care nurses provide including bathing, oral hygiene, hair care, and bed baths. It also defines electrolytes and their roles in fluid movement in the body. The document describes procedures for oral hygiene, hair care, bed baths and identifies equipment used. It also defines different types of fluid movement including diffusion, osmosis, active transport and filtration. Finally, it outlines the major electrolytes in the body including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate and their roles and normal ranges.
This document provides information on basic nursing care procedures including genital care, urinary elimination, specimen collection, and enema administration. It outlines the objectives, equipment, and step-by-step procedures for each topic. Details are given for genital care of both male and female patients, facilitating urinary elimination, use of urinals and bedpans, condom drainage, and different types of enemas. Guidelines are also provided for collecting specimens such as urine, stool, blood, and sputum.
The document provides information on common emergency room procedures and the nursing responsibilities associated with each. It discusses procedures like laceration repair, splinting, intraosseous access, abscess drainage, lumbar puncture, chest tubes, NG/OG tubes, intubation, foley catheter placement, paracentesis, and nasal packing. For each procedure, it outlines the nursing responsibilities which include obtaining consent, preparing equipment, assisting physicians, monitoring vital signs, providing education and aftercare, and documenting. The overall document serves as a guide for nurses on their roles and responsibilities when assisting with various emergency room procedures.
A colostomy is a surgical opening in the colon that is brought through the abdominal wall to allow stool to exit the body. It can be temporary to allow the colon to heal after surgery or permanent. Nurses provide pre- and post-operative care for patients with colostomies, which involves educating them on stoma care like changing pouches and monitoring for issues like irritation or infection. Proper nursing care and teaching patients self-care techniques helps them adjust to life after colostomy surgery.
The document provides guidelines for ICU unit design and equipment reprocessing. Key recommendations include: beds should be 2.5-3 meters apart; partitions must be easily cleaned; separate areas are needed for clean storage, soiled storage, and medication preparation; ventilation should be controlled; traffic flow should limit contamination; and equipment like ventilator circuits and suction catheters have specific reprocessing methods to prevent infection spread. Daily, terminal, and scheduled environmental cleaning is also outlined.
Guidelines for patients receiving radioiodine i 131 treatmentAmin Amin
Radioiodine 131I treatment involves temporarily emitting small amounts of radiation from the body that can expose others. The document provides guidelines for patients to minimize radiation exposure to others during the first week following treatment. It recommends maintaining distance, not sharing items or food, and properly disposing of bodily fluids and contaminated items.
The document describes the roles and responsibilities of the surgical team which includes the surgeon, anesthesiologist, surgical assistants, scrub nurse, and circulating nurse. It explains that the surgical team works together to ensure patient safety and care during surgical procedures. Appropriate attire and aseptic technique are essential to prevent infection and maintain a sterile environment in the operating room.
The document provides information on hygienic needs and oral hygiene care. It discusses the importance of hygiene for patient health and comfort. Different types of baths are described, including complete bed baths, partial baths, and sitz baths used to clean specific areas. Step-by-step procedures are outlined for administering bed baths and providing oral care. Maintaining proper hygiene is indicated for bedridden patients and those who are unconscious or have limited mobility.
Catheterization is the process of inserting a catheter into the urinary tract. It is used to drain urine from the bladder for various clinical reasons like surgery, inability to void, or monitoring urine output. The proper procedure involves preparing the patient and environment, selecting the correct catheter size and type, cleaning the perineal area aseptically, lubricating the catheter, and slowly inserting it into the urethra until urine flows or the catheter is at the proper depth. The balloon is then inflated to retain the catheter and the drainage bag is attached to collect urine. Catheterization must be done aseptically to prevent urinary tract infections.
This document provides information on nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. It defines nasogastric tube insertion as the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the stomach. It then discusses the purposes, principles, indications, contraindications, instructions, equipment, and procedures for nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. The key steps involved in nasogastric tube feeding are confirming proper tube placement in the stomach, administering nutrients or medications through the tube slowly by gravity or pump, and providing aftercare to the patient.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to hospitals and nursing. It defines a hospital as an institution that provides medical care for sick or injured people. It notes that hospitals have various classifications and departments. The document also outlines the main functions of hospitals, including diagnosing and treating illnesses and injuries. It mentions that hospitals have healthcare teams consisting of different professional roles like nurses. The document concludes by stating it will cover etiquettes for hospitals.
maintenance of therapeutic environment in ot.pptxDishaThakur53
1) Maintaining a sterile environment in the operating theatre is important to prevent infections. Proper cleaning, disinfection, and use of sterile techniques and equipment are required.
2) A therapeutic environment for patients involves ensuring comfort, cleanliness, individualized care, and a friendly atmosphere to promote healing.
3) Factors like temperature, humidity, air quality, lighting, and noise levels must be controlled to create an optimal sterile environment for surgery. Strict protocols are followed to prepare patients and staff and establish the sterile field.
Similar to 2 Lecture Hygiene, operational block.ppt (20)
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
1. Bukhara state medical institute
Theme : Hygiene of surgical patients. The
principles of carrying out and the organization of
work in a operational block. The principles of
carrying out and the organization of work in
dressing rooms.
Prepared by: Phd of the department of
General surgery
Rakhimov Azizjon Yakhyoyevich
2. What is it ?
• Hygiene is a series of practices performed to
preserve health. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO).
• The hygienic condition of a surgical patient's body has
the major value in prophylaxis and treatment of purulent
postoperative complications. This is the basic compound
part of the patient hygienic regimen.
3. • There are two basic kinds of the patient hygienic regimen: the
common regimen and bed regimen.
• The common regimen doesn't limit moving of patients. The
same order is to the persons, suffering not severe diseases,
having satisfactory condition (for example the patients
requiring for observation during preparation for the scheduled
operation, recovering patients).
• The bed care provides the staying of the patient in bed. There
can be three kinds:
• strict bed;
• usual bed and
• active bed.
3
4. strict bed
• Patients at such a regimen lay in bed in a certain position.
Change of position should be made by the medical
personnel. Independent active turns of a trunk are
forbidden.
• Feeding and physiological needs are carried out with the
help of medical workers. The basic purpose of this
regimen – is the prevention of complications, the creation
of conditions for tissue regeneration, and the greatest
possible function reduction of the affected organ.
4
5. Usual bed
• Usual bed care is appointed to the majority of patients
with sharp surgical diseases and traumas, and also in the
first days after many operations. Patients are allowed to
turn sideways, to accept a convenient position. Some
patients can rise in bed and sit.
5
6. active bed
• Patients may get up the bed, leave the ward to go to the
canteen and toilet.
6
7. Body hygiene of the patient
with the common regimen
• The primary aim of clinical hygiene body actions is the
maintenance of the skin cleanness.
• Patients must wash his hands and face with soap in the
morning and the evening, clean teeth, comb the hair daily.
If a patient has a grave condition these procedures must
be provided by sisters and nurses.
7
8. • The important hygienic action is wiping off the body of
the patient in grave condition. It is recommended to carry
out one time daily. The procedure is the following: the
nurse wipes all body from hands to foot with the wet
warm sponge.
• Every 7-10 days patients must take a hygienic bath or
douches.
8
Body hygiene of the patient
with the common regimen
9. • Hygienic (morning) and respiratory gymnastics are
obligatory. The respiratory gymnastics will be, that the
patient makes on 5-6 deep breaths of 1 time within each
hour. Breaths can be carried out in bed without
movements or in a combination of movements of hands,
legs, trunks.
9
Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
10. Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
• The personnel actively helps the patient with bed care at
the washing of hands and face, rinsing off a mouth, and
cleaning of teeth. At strict bed care, it is necessary not
less often than 3 times a week to carry out washing the
patient body.
10
11. Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
• Patients with bed care require special care of the
perineum area. At defecation, they should use a rubber or
metal bedpan. Individual bedpans are placed on a special
shelf under the patient’s bed. For patients who can sit, but
are not capable to move, are used a portable bedpan in the
armchair form and a chair with the hole on the chair-
bottom.
11
12. • Body wiping is made by a damp towel or napkin. It is
possible to use a disinfectant solution. First wipe a neck,
skin behind ears, back, waist, forward surface of a thorax,
axillary areas, limbs, then skin folds in groin areas and
perineum. After wiping skin in the same order dry up a
towel.
12
13. Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
• Eyes at the patients who are taking place in an
unconsciousness, wash out with the help of the sterile
napkin with a warm solution of boric acid. Ears clear of
earwax. For this purpose in acoustic duct by a pipette, it
is dropped solution of hydrogen peroxide. In an ear put
for some minutes and then take out together with earwax
a cotton ball.
14. • In case of need remove crusts from the nose of the
patient. With this purpose in nasal passages enters the
gauze turunda with mineral oil or any other oil. In 2-3
minutes turunda with the crusts take from nasal passages.
Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
15. • The great value in the care of the oral cavity. Patients
with the severe condition can not do usual hygiene
procedures often. They can have dry mouth, evident
dental deposit; it worsens the drain function of the mouth.
As the consequences are gingivitis, stomatitis, and,
perhaps, acute parotiditis. It is necessary to wipe the
patient’s mouth (teeth, tongue, gums) with the help of
gauze and antiseptics (weak liquid of potassium
permanganate, 0.5% water chlorhexidine). If the patient
can he must gargle.
Hygiene of a body of the
patient with a bed care
17. Read this slide first!
This PowerPoint is intended for use as a guide to help
medical students learn the people and equipment
commonly found in operating rooms.
Please feel free to use these slides as the basis of a meeting
with your school’s Surgery Interest Group.
20. Definition :
• An operating room (OR), also called surgery center, is the
unit of a hospital where surgical procedures are
performed
21. Structure
• The operational block is placed separately from wards. The best
conditions may be created in the separate premise connected with the
basic bulk by a transition or the lift and connected to resuscitation
unit. The modern operational block should include operational
theatres, preoperative, sterilizing, material, an equipment room,
rooms for medical staff. Every operational theatre should have one
operational table. Its area should make up 36-48 m2 at the height of
room not less than 3,5 m. It’s expediently even in the rather small
departments to have separate operational for emergency and for
purulent operations. The operational block is among the premises
with the limited access.
22. For maintenance of sterility in the
operational block 4 zones are allocated:
• - zone of a sterile mode (operational, preoperative,
sterilizing)
• - zone of a strict mode (rooms for storage of tools and
devices, rooms for the personnel)
• - zone of the limited mode (technical zone for technical
equipment)
• - zone of the common mode (cabinets of the head, the
senior sister, a room for dirty operational cloth, etc.).
23. Structure
• The ceiling, floor and walls of an operational theatre
should rounded to pass each other, to avoid congestions
of a dust in the corners and to facilitate cleaning. A
ceiling must be painted with white oil-colour, walls and
floor are covered with tile. In operational it is necessary
to have big light windows focused on the north.
24. Notes for students
• Students must put on medical masks in a corridor and the
bootee they have to put on at a preoperative room.
• Students must not have wool cloth under apron. Long
hair must be hidden under cap.
• In the operational theatre there must not be any
divagation, talks and noise.
• It is not allowed to come in and out very often.
25. • Students must take allocation in a specified place. They
do not allow to touche operational sheets, doctors gowns
and especial operational table.
• It is disallow to pick up instruments or cotton fallen down
on the floor.
• Students must get off bootee before to come out threw
operational block.
Notes for students
26. Preparing for Operating Room
• Know the case
• Review pathophysiology and basics of procedure
• Review possible complications of procedure
• Put on shoe covers, surgical cap, and mask
at entrance to perioperative area
• Be cordial to the OR front desk staff so that
you are alerted when the patient is sent for,
or if there are schedule changes your team
needs to know about!
Review the Student Resource Task Force module titled Shadowing in the OR for helpful tips
about good OR behavior!
27. In the Operating Room
• Introduce yourself to the circulating
nurse and scrub tech as soon as you
help bring the patient back in
• Know and remember your glove size
• After introducing yourself to the scrub tech,
inform them of your glove size before
scrubbing in
• Write your name on a white board
• A nurse will need to add your name as a
member in the room
• Help tie gowns
28. • Do not pick up any item from a table with
blue drapes unless asked directly
• Try to time scrubbing as soon as you are
unable to contribute to the room, and
before the attending/resident scrubs
• Ask and confirm with the
attending/resident where to stand
• As the case is wrapping up, double check
with either RN/Anesthesia to bring the bed
back in
• You can bring new blankets from the
warmer and bring the positioner at the end
In the Operating Room
29. 1
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Equipment
Surgical Lights
Medical Receptacle (“Kick Bucket”)
Electrocauterizing Equipment
Scrub Sink and Sterile Gown/Gloves
Suctioning Equipment
Lines and Outlets
Imaging
Sterile Back Table
Anesthesia Machine
Anesthesia Cart
Mayo Stand
Operating Table
• Positioners
• Gel Pads
• Towels
• Drapes
• Patient
Warmer
Navigate through the following slides sequentially.
Or you may click on the blue circles to be taken to
more detailed information. Click the “back” button
to be taken to your original slide.
30. Personnel
B
C
D
A
A
D
A
C
A
D B
Surgeon +/- Resident/Medical Student (All Sterile Team)
Anesthesiologist (Unsterile Team)
Circulating Nurse/Circulator (Unsterile Team)
• Opens non-sterile instruments, retrieves supplies
• Ties surgical gowns for others
• Ensures OR is prepared before surgery
• “Time-out" procedure
• Paperwork and coordination
Scrub Technician or Nurse (Sterile Team)
• In charge of instruments/Mayo stand
• Maintains sterile field – if they say you are not
sterile, DO NOT question! Scrub out!
• Keeps accurate count of all instruments/gauze
used
• Organizes tissues for biopsy
A
D
31. Scrub Technician or Nurse A Surgeon +/- Resident/Medical Student (All Sterile Team)
Operating Room Set-Ups
D
A
A
D
D
33. 1
3 2
5
4
Name That
Equipment!
(click on the space bar to see the
answer)
Sterile Back Table
Anesthesia
Machine
Anesthesia Cart
Mayo Stand
Operating
Table
1
2
3
4
5
34. Mayo Stand
Surgical Lights
Scrub technician
Surgeon/Resident
Electrocauterizing
Equipment
Anesthesiologist (Unsterile Team)
Suction Equipment
Operating Table and
Positioners
Name That
Person/Equipment!
(click on the space bar to see the answer)
4
5
6
8
A
B
A
D
D
B
5
4
6
8
36. 1 Sterile Back Table
Role: Scrub technician or scrub nurse
This is used prior to a procedure to arrange, count, and prepare instruments.
37. 2 Anesthesia Machine and Cart
3
Role: Anesthesiologist/Nurse anesthetist
An anesthesia machine delivers a mixture of oxygen and anesthetic gas to a breathing system.
An anesthesia cart holds equipment and medications for anesthesia, sedation, and reversal. It
also contains equipment for respiratory support and resuscitation.
38. 4 Mayo Stand
Role: Scrub technician or scrub nurse
The Mayo stand is used to arrange appropriate instruments prior to the procedure. During
the procedure, the scrub technician/nurse will use the Mayo stand to remove or add
instruments requested by the surgeon.
39. 5 Operating Table and Patient Equipment
The patient is positioned on the
operating table during the
procedure. This can be adjusted
using levers on the table, gel
pads, and other positioners.
Positioner (a.k.a. “roller board”):
• After placing a sheet around
it, use this to place under
the patient for transfer to
OR bed or off. Pull the sheet
to roll the patient. A team
effort!
• It’s usually against a wall in
the OR.
Blanket Warmer
Patient Positioner / Roller Board
40. 6 Surgical Lights
Role: Surgeon
The handles at the center of light are given sterile covers to use to position the light as needed. Because
it is sterile, the cover must be replaced if anything unsterile (including your head) touches it. Surgeons
can adjust the overhead surgical lights to provide desired lighting for the surgical field. Covers are
disposed of following a procedure.
41. 7 Medical Receptacle
Role: Scrub technician or nurse (perioperative), circulating nurse
(postoperative)
The receptacle is used by operating room personnel to collect disposable items such as sponges during
the procedure. An OR nurse or technician can use the bucket items in the final count to ensure all items
are accounted for. Below, a ring stand used for keeping bowls or basins is also pictured.
42. Role: Surgeons use the cauterizer, but a scrub nurse or circulating nurse
may change settings as requested
8 Electrocauterizing Equipment
Electrocauterizing equipment is used to cut, coagulate, and desiccate tissue with
limited blood loss.
44. Suction Equipment
The purpose of the suction set-up is to
remove fluids (both irrigating and body),
tissue and gases from the surgical field.
The equipment is set up in a manner in
which containers stay in sight but out of
the way. Fluid will automatically flow into
subsequent containers as they fill. All
fluid is measured and recorded at the
end of the procedure.
The force of suction can be controlled
from mild to heavy with the regulator.
Tubing goes from the regulator to the
canister and then to the surgical field.
45. Lines and Outlets
Premium gases:
• Air is YELLOW
• Oxygen is GREEN
Red Outlets:
• Power failure outlets, powered by generators.
Critical equipment connected such as anesthesia
machine.
• High power needs supplied by outlets everywhere
including those on the floor.
48. Definition
• Dressing in surgical department are intended to perform
the bandaging and some other manipulations to the
patents.
• It is a measure of prevention of purulent infection
distribution in the surgical department there are two
dressings: "clean" and "purulent".
48
49. Stucture
• For dressing with one table the area of 20-22 m2 is
provided. The dressing floor and walls should be cover
with a tile). The ceiling must be painted with an oil-
colour). This measure is done to diminish the dirt and be
easily washed with disinfecting substances. Colour of
floor, walls and ceiling should be tender), it may be white
or with green, blue tinctures). Usually in dressing the
bactericidal ultra-violet lamp is present. This lamp is
switched on after bandagings to kill microbes in the air.
50. The equipments
• operational universal table
• common sterilized table (table for sterile instruments and
dressings)
• small tool and dressing table for direct dressing job
• supports for drum sterilized boxes
• glass cases for drugs
• overhead light
• tanks (vessels, plastic cases) for chemical disinfection of
instruments, gloves, cottons and so on.
• certain sets for wound treatment (for example lasers)
51. Type of work in "clean"
dressing
• dressing of patient with clean wounds
• punctures and drainages of pleural cavity
• novocain blockades
• puncture biopsy
• primary treatment of wounds
52. Type of work in "purulent"
dressing
• dressing of patient with purulent wounds
• opening of suppurative processes (abscesses, phlegmons)
• drainages of purulent cavities
• small amputations (for example fingers)
• necrectomies
53. Taking care of Wounds a Priority
One to be familiar
• When applying or
changing dressings, an
aseptic technique is used
in order to avoid
introducing infections
into a wound. Even if a
wound is already
infected, an aseptic
technique should be used
as it is important that no
further infection is
introduced.
5
3
54. DRESSING ROOM BIOSAFETY A
PRIORITY
•Position the
patient
comfortably
and make sure
the
surrounding
area is clean
and tidy
before you
start. 5
4
55.
56. Preparing oneself to do Dressing
with safety
• Wash your hands and put
on an apron.
• Clean the trolley using
soap and water, or
disinfectant, and a cloth.
Start at the top of the
trolley and work down to
the bottom legs of the
trolley using single strokes
with your damp cloth.
• Place the sterile
dressing/procedure pack
on the top of the trolley.
57. Change the Surgical
Bandage
• Before changing Dressing you
must wash your hands. Why?
Now that you have your dirty
bandage off, it is important to
clean your hands again
before touching your incision.
The bandage
and your hands will both have
bacteria on them at this point
so washing again is essential.
58. Cleaning the Incision
•Use soap and water
to gently clean the
incision, you do not
have to use
antibacterial soap.
Do not scrub the
incision, remove
scabs, or attempt to
clean the sutures or
staples.
59. Changing a regular dressing over
incision
•Wash your
hands before
starting the
dressing
change.
60. Major principles for wound dressing
• Use Standard Precautions
at all times.
• When using a swab or
gauze to cleanse a wound,
work from the clean area
out toward the dirtier
area. (Example: When
cleaning a surgical
incision, start over the
incision line, and swab
downward from top to
bottom). Change the swab
and proceed again on
either side of the incision,
using a new swab each
time.
61. Work with aseptic methods to change
the dressings
•Open the sterile
dressing pack on top
of the trolley. Open
the sterile field using
the corners of the
paper.
•Open any other sterile
items needed onto the
sterile field without
touching them.
64. Prepare to take a New Dressing
replacing the old dressing
•Open a sterile
dressing package
by holding the
upper two edges
of the package
and pull sideways,
rather than
tearing the
package open.
65. Prepare yourself next action to replace
the Old dressing
• Keep the new dressing
inside the sterile package
until you are ready to put
it over your incision.
• Touch only the edges of
the new dressing. Do not
touch any part of the
dressing that will be on
the incision.
• Tape all sides of the
dressing securely.
66. The Nurses should follow the Instructions for
Biosafety
•If there is a
drainage tube, be
sure to cover this
area with the
dressing.
•Follow any special
instructions your
doctor or nurse
gives you.
67. Cleaning and Irrigating the
Surgical Wounds
• When irrigating a
wound, warm the
solution to room
temperature, preferably
to body temperature, to
prevent lowering of the
tissue temperature. Be
sure to allow the irritant
to flow from the
cleanest area to the
contaminated area to
avoid spreading
pathogens.
68. Taking care of the incision
site
•Wash your hands
before caring for
your incision.
•Do not apply any
creams, salves,
ointments or
powders unless you
have been told to
do so.
69. Follow your surgeon's directions for sutures
or staples, Steri-Strips® or special
dressings. If you had:
•sutures or staples:
they will be removed
at your follow-up
appointment
•Steri-Strips (thin
paper- like strips over
the incision): they will
begin to fall off as the
incision heals. They
do not need to be
replaced.
70. After the procedure
• Fold up the dressing/procedure pack and place all
contaminated material in a bag designated for clinical
waste, making sure all sharps are removed and
disposed of in a sharps container.
• Remove gloves and place in waste bag.
• Wash your hands.
• Clean the trolley with soap and water or disinfectant
solution as before.
• Record (document) on the patient's chart your wound
assessment, the dressing change and the care you have
given.
71. Monitoring the Wound
• Report any unusual
changes
in your wound. Call your
doctor if you see signs of
infection, or if any strange
things occur around the
wound.
• Again, if you have a bad
smelling odour coming from
your wound, pus coming
out
of the wound, or excessive
amounts of pain, call your
doctor.
72. Surgical Wound Monitoring from Home
Recent Advances with Technology
•A smartphone app
called Wound
Care is successfully
enabling patients to
remotely send images
of their surgical
wounds for monitoring
by nurses.
73. Surgical Wound Monitoring from
Home Recent Advances with
Technology
•The app was developed by researchers from the
Wisconsin Institute of Surgical Outcomes Research
(WiSOR), Department of Surgery, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, with the goal of earlier
detection of surgical site infections and
prevention of hospital readmissions. The study
results appeared on the website of the Journal of
the American College of Surgeons.
74. Teach Dressing management
to patients
•Provide the patient
with some dressing
management
education and
answer any
questions before
you go.
•Report any changes
to a senior nurse or
doctor.
75. NOTE
• In small departments sometimes there is only one
dressing. In this case patients after operations
with clean wounds are dressed in the first turn
and only then - the patients with purulent
processes and postoperative purulent
complications.