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2 gsm network structure
The document provides an overview of the architecture and components of a GSM network. It discusses the key subsystems including: 1) The Mobile Station (MS) which includes the Mobile Equipment (ME) and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. The SIM card stores subscriber identity and authentication information. 2) The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) which comprises the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) that provides radio coverage, and the Base Station Controller (BSC) that manages several BTSs. 3) The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) which includes critical components like the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), Visitor Location Register (
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2 gsm network structure
- 1. i i d ad H ساختار شبکه GSMو عملكرد هر كدام از اجزاي آن
- 2. i i d ad H ساختار شبکه Mobileبايد به صورتي باشد كه : در هر مکانی به مشترک سرويس دهی شود با هر سرعتی مشترک سرويس دهی شود مکان مشترک مشخص شود هويت مشترک مشخص شود سرويسی مورد درخواست مشترک ارايه شود با تمام شبكه هاي ديگر ارتباط و تبادل داشته باشد
- 3. i i d ad H GSM Subsystem& relationships Control flow NMS PLMN User data flow PSTN PSPDN NSS CSPDN ISDN BSS MS Core part Access part
- 4.
- 5. i i d ad H GSM SystemArchitecture Handset GSM HLR/ VLR UM A-bis BTS BSC A MSC SS7 PSTN X.25 OMC (Operation & Maintenance Center) Operation Terminal SIM card Mobile station Radio sub-system Network sub-system Data Terminal PSTN
- 6. i i d ad H Mobile Station(MS) The MS (Mobile Station) is a combination of terminal equipment and subscriber data. ME (Mobile Equipment ) SIM( Subscriber Identity Module) ME+ SIM MS
- 7. i i d ad H SIM card UniquelyAssociated To A User Stores User And Location Addresses Supports Authentication And Encryption Mechanisms Contains Personal Data list of subscribed services RAM for user directory, SMS
- 8. i i d ad H Smart CardAnatomy
- 9. i i d ad H پایه هایسیم کارت پايه پايه پايه پايه پايه پايه Vcc GND CLK RST I/O Vpp
- 10. i i d ad H Microprocessor Cards Typicalspecification • • • • 16 bit CPU 128 K ROM 1 K bytes RAM 32K EEPROM Smart Card Technology • Based on ISO 7816 defining Card size, contact layout, electrical characteristics I/O Protocols: byte/block based File Structure
- 11. i i d ad H میکروکنترلر اجزایتشکیل دهنده
- 12. i i d ad H Stored datain SIM Card PARAMETER COMMENT ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PIN/PIN2 Personal Identification Number PUK/PUK2 PIN unblocking key required to unlock a SIM SIM Service Table List of optional functionality of the SIM Last Dialed Number Used to redial the last number Language Used for the display language SECURITY RELATED DATA Algorithm A3 and A8 Used for authentication and to determine Kc Key Ki Individual Value Known only to the SIN and HLR Key Kc (The result of A8, Ki and random number (RAND CKSN Ciphering key sequence number SUBSCRIBER DATA IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number Access Control Classes Used for control of network access
- 13. i i d ad H Stored datain SIM Card PARAMETER COMMENT ROAMING DATA TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Value of T3212 Timer used for location updating Location Updating Status Determines if a location update is required LAI Location Area Information Network Color Codes (NCCs) of Restricted PLMNs A SIM can hold up to 4 PLMNs after and unsuccessful location update. The oldest entry will be deleted when more than 4 restricted PLMNs are found NCCs of Preferred PLMNs Decides which PLMN the MS should select if there is more than one to choose from, when the home PLMN is not available PLMN DATA NCC, Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC) of the Home PLMN This provides the home country and network identification of the subscriber Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCNs) of the Home PLMN Frequencies for which the home PLMN is licensed
- 14. i i d ad H استانداردهای مربوطبه سیم کارت GSM GSM 11.11 (SIM interface spec) • GSM 11.14 (SIM toolkit) • GSM 03.48 (OTA communication) • GSM11.17(SIM TEST APPROACH) • ISO ISO 7810 • ISO 7816 •
- 15. i i d ad H Mobile stationpower classes GSM 900 GSM 1800 8W 39dBm Vehicular 4W 36dBm Vehicular 5W 37dBm Portable 1W 30dBm Portable 2W 33dBm Portable 0.25W 24dBm Portable 0.8W 29dBm Portable Usual Classes
- 16. i i d ad H BSS: BaseStation Subsystem BTS )Base Transceiver Station( ----Transmitter, receiver and antennas BSC )Base Station Controller( ----Management of several BTS TC( Transcoder )---Adapt Bit rate to send MSC
- 17. i i d ad H BTS • • • • • • provides GSMradio coverage within a cll comprises radio transmitting and receiving equipment (including antennas) associated signal processing implementation of radio related operations: slow frequency hopping (SFH) discontinuous transmission (DTX) Ciphering power control. Synchronization between MSs Management of Signaling line
- 18. i i d ad H GSM BTS PowerClasses GSM 900 GSM 1800 320W 55dBm Class 1 20W 43dBm Class 1 160W 52dBm Class 2 10W 40dBm Class 2 80W 49dBm Class 3 5W 37dBm Class 3 40W 46dBm Class 4 20W 43dBm Class 5 10W 40dBm Class 6
- 19. i i d ad H BSC • A smallswitch with enhanced processing capability. • Its responsibilities include: co-ordination and control of a number of BTSs traffic concentration low level switching operations network management interface to all radio elements radio channel management handover between BTSs within its domain scheduling of paging request passing system information e.g. LAI (Location Area Identity) to BTSs for onward transmission queuing control of radio related operations: slow frequency hopping (SFH); discontinuous transmission (DTX); ciphering and power control
- 20. i i d ad H Functions BSC Management ofradio channels X Frequency hopping (FH) X Management of terrestrial channels X Mapping of terrestrial onto radio channels BTS X X Channel coding and decoding X Rate adaptation X Encryption and decryption X X Paging X X Uplink signal measurements X Traffic measurement X Authentication X Location registry, location update X Handover management X
- 21. i i d ad H Transmission betweenBSC and BTS Point to point connection BSC Multi drop chain Multi drop loop
- 22. i i d ad H Transcoder Speech Codingis used to enable the efficient transmission at 13 Kbps or 6.5 Kbps service transcoding, changing air interface rates to network rates e.g. converting speech from 13 kbit/s to 64 kbit/s 3 kbit/s is used for inband signaling TC can be located at BSC or MSC If is located near MSC , it can be multiplexed 4 lines in one PCM signals and increase efficiency of transmission
- 23. i i d ad H NSS -Network and Switching Subsystem Main task • Call control • Routing • Locating • Mobility management • Signalling to other network
- 24. i i d ad H NSS –Elements MSC)Mobile Switching Centre-----(Management of all connections HLR )Home Location Register( -----Associated to each PLMN VLR )Visitor Location Register-----(Associated to each MSC GMSC) Gateway MSC MSC-----( providing interconnection to other networks AUC : Authentication Center----provide security of network EIR : Equipment Identity Register---provide absolute information of user
- 25. i i d ad H MSC (mobileswitching center) Switching functions Additional functions for mobility support Interworking functions via Gateway MSC (GMSC) Integration of several databases Specific functions of a MSC • Switching of 64 kbit/s channels • Paging and call forwarding • Termination of SS7 (signaling system no. 7) • Mobility specific signaling • • • Location registration and forwarding of location information Support of short message service (SMS) Generation and forwarding of accounting and billing information
- 26. i i d ad H Visitor LocationRegister (VLR) Local database: • • Includes roamers and non-roamers • Data about all users currently in the domain of the VLR Associated to each MSC Responsibilities of the VLR include: • Executing supplementary service programs (outgoing calls barred) • Initiating authentication and ciphering • Initiating paging • Mapping of various identities (MSISDN, IMSI, TMSI, MSRN) • Passing location information to HLR
- 27. i i d ad H Gateway MSC(GMSC) Connects mobile network to a fixed network, e.g. Entry point to a PLMN Request routing information from the HLR and routes the connection to the local MSC
- 28. i i d ad H Home LocationRegister (HLR) central master database • data from every user that has subscribed to the operator, includes: subscriber data o IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity o list of subscribed services with parameters and restrictions location data o current MSC/VLR address Responsibilities of the HLR include: • management of service profiles • mapping of subscriber identities (MISDN, IMSI) • supplementary service control and profile updates • execution of supplementary service logic e.g. incoming calls barred. • passing subscription records to VLR
- 29. i i d ad H Authentication Center(AuC) Associated to HLR Search key: IMSI Supports authentication and encryption mechanisms • Ki - subscriber secret authentication key • A3 - authentication algorithm • A8 - cipher key generation algorithm
- 30. i i d ad H Equipment IdentityRegister (EIR) stores mobile stations IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) white list - mobile stations allowed to connect without restrictions black list - mobile stations locked (stolen or not type approved) gray list - mobile stations under observation for possible problems
- 31. i i d ad H Network ManagementSubsystem : NMS Operation & management Center (OMC) Control of the radio and network subsystems • Event & Fault Management • Configuration management • Performance Management
- 32. i i d ad H Event &Fault Management
- 33. i i d ad H Configuration management Maintainup to date information about network Management of radio network Software & hardware management Security management
- 34. i i d ad H Performance management Collectdate and measurement from BSC and MSC calculate the KPI • Key Performance Indicator Compare the network with desire performance
- 35. i i d ad H Application ServiceCenters • Short Message Service Center (SMSC) • provide short message services usually connect to MSC Unstructured Supplementary Service Data Center (USSDC) provide USSD service in the form of *ID*ID*info# usually connect to HLR
- 36. i i d ad H GSM Services GSMServices Basic Services TeleServices Bearer Services Supplementary Services
- 37. i i d ad H GSM TeleServices شرحسرويس کد مشخصه GSM توضيح صحبت ) تلفني( 11T مهمترين سرويس براي سيستمهاي موبايل، مکالمه عادي شامل مکالمات اضطراري صحبت ) تماس اضطراري( 21T امکان برقراري مکالمات اضطراري بطور اتوماتيک پيام کوتاه )(Mobile Terminated 12T براي دريافت پيام کوتاه پيام کوتاه )(Mobile Originated 22T براي ارسال پيام کوتاه پيام کوتاه )(Cell Broadcast 32T براي دريافت پيامهاي کوتاه منتشر شده ارتباط فاکس گروه3 16T ارتباط فاکس اتوماتيک گروه3 26T براي ارسال و دريافت پيامهاي فاکس
- 38. i i d ad H Bearer Service Givethe subscriber the capacity required to transmit appropriate signals between certain access points Asynchronous data • Synchronous data • Packet switched assembler/ disassembler access • Alternate speech and data •
- 39. i i d ad H Services Supplementary Services: • Adviceof charge-AOC • Alternate Line Services (ALS)-personal or business • Barring of all incoming calls-BAIC • Barring of all Incoming calls when roaming outside the HPLMN • Barring of Incoming Calls when abroad • Barring of outgoing calls-BOC • Barring of outgoing International Calls-BOIC • Barring of outgoing International calls excluding those directed to the HPLMN country • Call forwarding on mobile subscriber busy-CFB • Call forwarding on no answer-CFNA • Call forwarding unconditional -CFU • Call hold • Call Waiting-CW
Editor's Notes
- #29 Dedicated Gateway MSCs (GMSCs) are available to pass voice traffic between fixed networks and mobile network. GMSC queries the database (HLR ) and routes the connection to the local MSC in whose area the mobile station is currently staying.