The document discusses the evolution of industrial districts due to factors like market globalization, technology evolution, and network technologies. It states that market globalization imposes a planned approach to the market on companies and addresses economies of scale issues in research, engineering, marketing and financing. Technology evolution leads to new paradigms like e-commerce and new rules around quality, safety and the environment, impacting production cycles. This changing competitive context presents challenges for districts around human resources, training, internationalization, technological innovation and network technologies. The use of network technologies and e-commerce can change winners and losers among districts and alter local and global supplier networks.

1. Industrial Districts
2) Evolution

2. • MARKET GLOBALIZATION, process which imposes a
planned approach to the market on companies and
takes back economies of scale problems, especially
those related to research and engineering, marketing
and financing
•TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION, showing the coming-up
of new technological paradigms (e-commerce) and
rules (quality certifications, safety and environmental
rules ), which reflex upon production cycle
organization
The new competitive contextThe new competitive context

3. Districts challengesDistricts challenges
• HUMAN RESOURCES AND TRAINING
• INTERNAZIONALIZATION / GLOBALIZATION
•TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND
NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

4. • MARKET GLOBALIZATION, process which imposes a
planned approach to the market on companies and
takes back economies of scale problems, especially
those related to research and engineering, marketing
and financing
•TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION, showing the coming-up
of new technological paradigms (e-commerce) and
rules (quality certifications, safety and environmental
rules ), which reflex upon production cycle
organization
The new competitive contextThe new competitive context

5. Internationalisation /globalisationInternationalisation /globalisation
• Delocalisation of low-costs phases
• Dismantling of traditional network
• New networking and co-business strategies

6. Relationship modelsRelationship models
Customer
CustomerCustomer
SS SS SS
SS SS SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
TRADITIONALTRADITIONAL
SUPPLIERSUPPLIER
NETWORKNETWORK
Supplier

7. Customer
CustomerCustomer
SS SS SS
SS SS SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
Supplier
CustomerCustomer
SSSS SSSS SSSS
SSSS SSSS SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
PSPS
PSPSPSPS
PSPS
INNOVATIVEINNOVATIVE
LOCAL SUPPLIERLOCAL SUPPLIER
NETWORKNETWORK
Primary Supplier
(Comaker)
Secondary Supplier Customer
Relationship modelsRelationship models

8. Customer
CustomerCustomer
SS SS SS
SS SS SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
TRADITIONALTRADITIONAL
SUPPLIERSUPPLIER
NETWORKNETWORK
Supplier
CustomerCustomer
SSSS SSSS SSSS
SSSS SSSS SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
SSSS
PSPS
PSPSPSPS
PSPS
INNOVATIVEINNOVATIVE
LOCAL SUPPLIERLOCAL SUPPLIER
NETWORKNETWORK
Primary Supplier
(Comaker)
Secondary Supplier Customer
INNOVATIVEINNOVATIVE
GLOBALGLOBAL SUPPLIERSUPPLIER
NETWORKNETWORK
Relationship modelsRelationship models

9. Medium St. Dev.
It will be slight 3.1 0.9
It will change districts winners and losers 4.8 1.8
It will change the local dimension of districts 3.1 1.2
It will cause a new aggregation of districts on virtual bases 4.9 2.1
It will cause districts development 5.8 1.5
It will outline new business relations 5.5 2.0
It will outline new relations between customers and
suppliers
6.6 1.5
E-commerce impact on the structure/survival of districts
Source: A.Ordanini, Università Bocconi - Club dei Distretti Industriali
Network technologiesNetwork technologies

10. marketmarket
processprocess
• to gain visibility
• to supply innovative services
• continuous trust by customers
• turnover increase
• enlargement of the market
• to make information easy to get
• to make production flexible
• to optimise resources
• upgrade of supply
quality
• reduction of supply
time and costs
• to increase flexibility
• to reduce logistic
investment
• virtual shop
• marketplace
• telecommunication
channel
• corporate portal
• call centre
• advance sale
• post sale
• eXtended ERP
• System Integration
• message Broker
• outsourcing
• access to marketplace
• auctions
• supply chain management
• exchange
• supply advancement
supplysupply
Companies /districts targets and solution models
Network technologiesNetwork technologies

11. From Local Districts toFrom Local Districts to
Global Virtual EnterprisesGlobal Virtual Enterprises
IndependentRegionalNetworksIndependentRegionalNetworks
Use of Virtual
Enterprise concept
for business
development:
Intensive use of
modern
communication
technologies
Global Business
Integration
Virtual Enterprises
GlobalVirtualEnterprisesGlobalVirtualEnterprises