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Building Pennsylvania's First Detector Network Part 2
- 1. Ruth Welliver PDA Bureau of Plant Industry, Plant Health Programs rwelliver@pa.gov October/November 2013
- 2. Photo courtesy of Charles Lam • Why do First Detector online training? • Sample and Communication Flow • Putting Pests in Perspective…. Lists! • Sample Submission Notes • Training Others
- 3. In a pest emergency, WE – all of us – are the First Responders.
- 4. Photo by Scott Edhardt
- 5. First Detector Local Extension Office PSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID Labs PDA Plant Labs USDA-APHIS-PPQ identifiers ************************************ For Regulatory Staff: directly from First Detector PDA Plant Labs
- 6. First Detector Local Extension Office PSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID Labs PDA Plant Labs, SPHD and SPRO USDA-APHIS-PPQ identifiers ************************************ For Regulatory Staff: First Detector (PDA Inspectors) PDA Labs
- 7. Regulated business (such as a nursery) brings samples to Extension? … and a regulated pest if identified? Homeowner or commercial crop farmer walks into PDA lab with sample? Asian Longhorned Beetle detection is reported on the local news, based on a homeowner sighting?
- 8. Pest information does not always flow in the channels we set for it Open Communication minimizes misunderstandings, saves time reacting to the information and the pest situation
- 9. Pest Lists
- 10. Select Agent High vs. Quarantine pest Consequence vs. RegulatedPests, Diseases and Non-Quarantine Pest Weeds vs. High Consequence Pest vs. Economically-Important Pest vs. Public Nuisance vs. Just a Pest!
- 11. Select Agent: A very specific list of pathogens that could be deployed as bioterrorism weapons. Human, Animal, and Plant pathogens and toxins NOT a real concern for most First Detectors High Consequence Economic or Ecological damage potential Regulatory significance
- 15. Emerald Ash Borer already present in Pennsylvania, eradication not feasible
- 18. Mile-A-Minute, Polygonum perfoliatum Giant Hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Musk thistle (Carduus nutans)
- 20. Many lists available, overlapping Need different ones for different purposes Lists change as situations change Requires good communication among users! … which is why we are here, and why we chose to highlight the pests we did today
- 21. “A small, poor quality sample gets a small, poor quality answer!” (John Watkins)
- 22. Is a picture worth a thousand samples? County Extension Offices are a first contact point! http://extension.psu.edu/counties PSU Plant Disease Clinic – Specimen Info Form; and Instructions PSU Entomology Labs: 814-865-1896 PSU Turfgrass Services: http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/centers/turf/extension/services ************************************ PDA Entomology: Sample Submission Form PDA Weed: PaPlants PDA Pathology: PaPlants
- 23. Complete Need insect(s), not a leaf with a hole that may have been chewed by an insect…. Need whole insect. Multiple specimens and/or multiple stages are useful Secure (Dead!) Place in 70-80% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol in a leak proof vial. Moths, Butterflies, and Mealy bugs should be frozen and placed in a hard plastic container with dry paper toweling Other? – Best to contact entomologists Adequate Information Complete submission form Include damage photos or descriptions of anything unusual. Proper Packaging Secure to prevent escapes or leaks Use pencil or alcohol-safe ink for data label (Sharpie and regular Packaged to pens bleed) Protect condition of specimen until it reaches the lab
- 24. Complete Whole plant is better than part of a plant; show range of symptoms Adequate information – Specimen Info Form or PDSR completed; images helpful Proper Packaging Condition maintained to lab; O/N shipping best, keep cool but not frozen. Secure –plants alive but in packaging that prevents leaks or escapes.
- 25. Complete Whole plant is better than part of a plant Include roots, flower, fruit, and seeds when possible Multiple specimens are helpful Adequate information Include surrounding habitat (field, road side, yard, etc) information Proper Packaging Packaged to protect condition of specimen until it reaches the lab Avoid temp and moisture extremes Make sure foliage is dry when packaged; pat dry with paper towel if needed Secure to prevent escapes or leaks
- 26. You
- 27. www.firstdetector.org Modules on Diagnosing Plant Problems Some scripted presentations available at: https://firstdetector.org/jsp/contentPages/power%20point%20presentations.jsp Need other training tools? - Contact the Plant Health Resource Center!
- 29. ALB – 5431705: Melody Keena, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Tuta absoluta - 5432149: Marja van der Straten, NVWA Plant Protection Service, Bugwood.org Oak splendour beetle – 5371055: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org EAB – 5369165: Marianne Prue, Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Forestry, Bugwood.org Comparison of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida – 1356147: Ulrich Zunke, University of Hamburg, Bugwood.org Several images have photographer credited with the image. Images without any associated credits are from PDA Plant Industry collections.
Editor's Notes
- In this presentation, we continue a discussion of the resources available to first detectors in Pennsylvania, and how we can open up communication lines to build a better network.
- Getting us on the same page --The National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) was created to strengthen the plant diagnostic laboratories in land grant universities, with a goal of enhancing plant biosecurity in the US. It was really the first time there was a push to educate land grant university personnel -- plant disease clinics, for example -- in regulatory pest issues, or to establish stronger communication among University – State – PPQ personnel. The Plant Health Resource Center, although created independently, is another step in building those relationships in PA. Remember – First DetectorsWILL BE the First Responders in a plant pest emergency. A general understanding of each other and of plant pests will makethat response more efficient and hopefully also more effective.
- Two very straightforward, straight-line sample routes for diagnostics: PSU and PDAs. When PDA receives a phone call from a homeowner or commercial crop producer, we refer the caller to their county extension office.
- Results generally flow backwards through the same channel. However, when the sample diagnosis is of national regulatory significance, two important people are included in the communication: Pennsylvania’s State Plant Health Director (SPHD), which is a USDA position; and the State Plant Regulatory Official (SPRO), a PDA staff position. These two are charged with coordinating the regulatory responses to pest finds.
- Many pest lists are available, that have different scopes and different purposes.
- The Select Agent list is an extremely specific list, produced by federal government, difficult to change, that is published in the Federal Register. Best info on Select Agents can be found at www.selectagents.gov/We plan to develop a much more flexible, usable list of pests of concern to Pennsylvania through the Plant Health Resource Center.
- Here’s an exercise to demonstrate that not everyone would categorize pests in the same way – no one would be wrong, we would just have different purposes in mind…. First – which of these things is not like the others?
- Possible answers: only one with its mouth open; only one not wearing sneakers, only one that is not a child….. But if you think like a regulator, you say…
- Possible answers: Three beetles and one moth; three wood borers and one leaf eater; three that could come in on wood products….
- As of October 2013, EAB is the only one established in Pennsylvania, so regulatory framework for management or control is very different from the other three, which are not known to occur in PA.
- Possible answers: Three ornamental plants and one food crop; ….
- Ralstoniasolanacearum Race3 Biovar 2 is a select agent. While all four of these pests could be regulated at the greenhouse/nursery level, Ralstonia is the only one that is an automatic destruction order, no matter where it may be found in the state – greenhosue, reidential, field settings all included. This is because of its damage potential to potato.
- Last example – four weeds. Who is different?Possible answers: Musk thistle, because it has been established the longest. Purple loosestrife, because it affects waterways. Giant hogweed, because it is a human health concern.
- Giant hogweed: While all four of these are on the PA noxious weed control list, giant hogweed remains of limited-enough distribution that we are attempting eradication.
- Now some notes on sample submission, to supplement what you learned in the online training modules.
- While pictures are often of use as a starting point for quick and dirty diagnostics, or to provide additional situational information to accompany a sample, there are many situations where a sample is absolutely required for a correct diagnosis. In addition, even if a perfect image is provided, a voucher specimen is required before regulatory action may be taken. For example – if you take a picture of Asian Longhorned Beetle, we would never call the state or a county positive for Asian Longhorned Beetle until we had secured an official sample from that site.Here is a partial listing of PSU and PDA information for submitting samples.