The document provides an introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) in Java EE, detailing its history, implementation, and key features such as managed beans, dependency injection methods, qualifiers, contexts for bean lifecycle management, and event handling. It includes code examples demonstrating various aspects of CDI, including how to create, inject, and manage different types of beans and qualifiers. The document also touches upon advanced topics such as stereotypes, decorators, and interceptors in CDI.

1. INTRODUCTION TO CONTEXTS AND
DEPENDENCY INJECTION (CDI)
@antoine_sd

2. ANTOINE SABOT-DURAND
• Senior Software Engineer @Red Hat
• Java & OSS :
• CDI co-spec lead
• CDI community development
• Tech Lead on Agorava
• @antoine_sd

3. WHAT IS CDI ?
• Java EE dependency injection standard
• Strong typed and type safe
• Context management
• Observer pattern included (Event bus)
• Highly extensible

4. Previously on CDI

5. A BIT OF HISTORY
CDI 1.0 (Java EE 6)
CDI 1.1 (Java EE 7)
CDI 1.2 (1.1 MR)
CDI 2.0 Starts
Dec 2009 June 2013 Apr 2014 Sep 2014
CDI 2.0 released
Q1 2016

6. IMPLEMENTATIONS
JBoss Weld (Reference Implementation) Apache Open WebBeans

7. CDI ACTIVATION
• In CDI 1.0, you must add a beans.xml file to your archive
• Since CDI 1.1, it’s activated by default:
• All classes having a “bean defining annotation” become a bean
• You can still use beans.xml file to activate CDI explicitly or
deactivate it

8. THE CDI BEAN
• In Java EE 6 and 7 everything is a Managed Bean
• Managed beans are basic components
• They are managed by the container
• They all have a lifecycle
• They can be intercepted (AOP)
• They can be injected
• Accessible from outside CDI code.

9. BASIC DEPENDENCY INJECTION
@Inject

10. THIS IS A BEAN
public class HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

11. DI IN CONSTRUCTOR
public class MyBean {
private HelloService service;
@Inject
public MyBean(HelloService service) {
this.service = service;
}
}

12. DI IN SETTER
public class MyBean {
private HelloService service;
@Inject
public void setService(HelloService service) {
this.service = service;
}
}

13. DI IN FIELD
public class MyBean {
@Inject
private HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display(service.hello();
}
}

14. NO TYPE ERASURE IN CDI
public class MyBean {
@Inject Service<User> userService;
@Inject Service<Staff> staffService;
}

15. NO TYPE ERASURE IN CDI
public class MyBean {
@Inject Service<User> userService;
@Inject Service<Staff> staffService;
}
This works

16. USING QUALIFIERS TO DISTINGUISH
BEANS OF THE SAME TYPE

17. 2 SERVICE IMPLEMENTATIONS…
public interface HelloService {
public String hello();
}
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Bonjour tout le monde!";
}
}
public class EnglishHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

18. …NEED QUALIFIERS…
@Qualifier
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target({FIELD, TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER})
public @interface French {}
@Qualifier
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target({FIELD, TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER})
public @interface English {}

19. …TO BE DISTINGUISHED.
@French
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Bonjour tout le monde!";
}
}
@English
public class EnglishHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

20. QUALIFIED INJECTION POINTS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.hello();
}
}
public class MyBean {
@Inject @English HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.hello();
}
}

21. QUALIFIERS CAN HAVE MEMBERS
@Qualifier
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target({FIELD, TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER})
public @interface Language {
Languages value();
@Nonbinding String description() default "";
public enum Languages {
FRENCH, ENGLISH
}
}

22. QUALIFIERS WITH MEMBERS 1/2
@Language(FRENCH)
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Bonjour tout le monde!";
}
}
@Language(ENGLISH)
public class EnglishHelloService implements HelloService {
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

23. QUALIFIERS WITH MEMBERS 2/2
public class MyBean {
@Inject @Language(ENGLISH) HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.hello();
}
}
public class MyBean {
@Inject @Language(FRENCH) HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.hello();
}
}

24. MULTIPLE QUALIFIERS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French
HelloService service;
}
@French @Console @Secured
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
}

25. MULTIPLE QUALIFIERS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French @Console
HelloService service;
}
@French @Console @Secured
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
}

26. MULTIPLE QUALIFIERS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French @Console @Secured
HelloService service;
}
@French @Console @Secured
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
}

27. MULTIPLE QUALIFIERS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French @Console @Secured
HelloService service;
}
@French @Secured
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
}

28. MULTIPLE QUALIFIERS
public class MyBean {
@Inject @French @Console @Secured
HelloService service;
}
@French @Secured
public class FrenchHelloService implements HelloService {
}

29. RESERVED QUALIFIERS
@Default
@Any
@Named

30. PROGRAMMATIC LOOKUP

31. SOMETIMES CALLED “LAZY INJECTION”
public class MyBean {
@Inject Instance<HelloService> service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.get().hello() );
}
}

32. CHECK BEAN EXISTENCE AT RUNTIME
public class MyBean {
@Inject Instance<HelloService> service;
public void displayHello() {
if (!service.isUnsatisfied()) {
display( service.get().hello() );
}
}
}

33. INSTANCE<T> IS ITERABLE
public interface Instance<T> extends Iterable<T>, Provider<T> {
public Instance<T> select(Annotation... qualifiers);
public <U extends T> Instance<U> select(Class<U> subtype, Annotation... qualifiers);
public <U extends T> Instance<U> select(TypeLiteral<U> subtype, Annotation... qualifiers);
public boolean isUnsatisfied();
public boolean isAmbiguous();
public void destroy(T instance);
}

34. LOOP ON ALL BEANS OF A GIVEN TYPE
public class MyBean {
@Inject @Any Instance<HelloService> services;
public void displayHello() {
for (HelloService service : services) {
display( service.hello() );
}
}
}

35. SELECT A QUALIFIER AT RUNTIME
public class MyBean {
@Inject @Any Instance<HelloService> services;
public void displayHello() {
display(
service.select(
new AnnotationLiteral()<French> {})
.get() );
}
}

36. CONTEXTS

37. CONTEXTS MANAGE BEANS LIFECYCLE
• They helps container to choose when a bean should be instantiated and destroyed
• They enforce the fact that a given bean is a singleton for a given context
• Built-in CDI contexts :
• @Dependent (default)
• @ApplicationScoped, @SessionScoped, @RequestScoped
• @ConversationScoped
• @Singleton
• You can create your own scope

38. CHOOSING THE RIGHT CONTEXT
@SessionScoped
public class CartBean {
public void addItem(Item item) {
...
}
}

39. CHOOSING THE RIGHT CONTEXT
@ApplicationScoped
public class CartBean {
public void addItem(Item item) {
...
}
}

40. CHOOSING THE RIGHT CONTEXT
@ApplicationScoped
public class CartBean {
public void addItem(Item item) {
...
}
}
FAIL !!!

41. CONVERSATION IS MANAGE BY DEV
@ConversationScoped
public class CartBean {
public void addItem(Item item) {
...
}
}

42. NEW CONTEXTS CAN BE CREATED
@ThreadScoped
public class CartBean {
public void addItem(Item item) {
...
}
}

43. PRODUCERS

44. CREATING BEAN FROM ANY CLASS
@Produces
public MyNonCDIClass myProducer() {
return new MyNonCdiClass();
}
...
@Inject
MyNonCDIClass bean;

45. PRODUCERS MAY HAVE A SCOPE
@Produces
@RequestScoped
public FacesContext produceFacesContext() {
return FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
}

46. GETTING INFO FROM INJECTION POINT
@Produces
public Logger produceLog(InjectionPoint injectionPoint) {
return Logger.getLogger(injectionPoint.getMember()
.getDeclaringClass().getName());
}

47. EVENTS

48. A NICE WAY TO ADD DECOUPLING
public class FirstBean {
@Inject Event<Post> postEvent;
public void saveNewPost(Post myPost) {
postEvent.fire(myPost);
}
}
public class SecondBean {
public void listenPost(@Observes Post post) {
System.out.println("Received : " + evt.message());
}
}

49. EVENTS CAN BE QUALIFIED
public class FirstBean {
@Inject Event<Post> postEvent;
public void saveNewPost(Post myPost) {
postEvent.select(
new AnnotationLiteral()<French> {}).fire(myPost);
}
}
public class SecondBean {
// these 3 observers will be called
public void listenFrPost(@Observes @French Post post) {}
public void listenPost(@Observes Post post) {}
public void listenObject(@Observes Object obj) {}
// This one won’t be called
public void listenEnPost(@Observes @English Post post) {}
}

50. AS ALWAYS “NO TYPE ERASURE”
public class SecondBean {
// these observers will be resolved depending
// on parameter in event payload type
public void listenStrPost(@Observes Post<String> post) {}
public void listenNumPost(@Observes Post<Number> post) {}
}

51. SOME BUILT-IN EVENTS
public class SecondBean {
public void beginRequest(@Observes @Initialized(RequestScoped.class)
ServletRequest req) {}
public void endRequest(@Observes @Destroyed(RequestScoped.class)
ServletRequest req) {}
public void beginSession(@Observes @Initialized(SessionScoped.class)
HttpSession session) {}
public void endSession(@Observes @Destroyed(SessionScoped.class)
HttpSession session) {}
}

52. STEREOTYPES TO AVOID ANNOTATIONS
HELL

53. BUILT-IN STEREOTYPE
@Named
@RequestScoped
@Documented
@Stereotype
@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, FIELD })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface Model {
}

54. MY STEREOTYPE
@Named
@SessionScoped
@MyQualifier
@MyOtherQualifier
@Documented
@Stereotype
@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, FIELD })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface MyModel {
}

55. USAGE
@MyModel
public class CircularBean {
}

56. DECORATORS & INTERCEPTORS

57. A DECORATOR
@Decorator
@Priority(Interceptor.Priority.APPLICATION)
public abstract class HelloDecorator implements HelloService {
// The decorated service may be restricted with qualifiers
@Inject @Delegate HelloService service;
public String hello() {
return service.hello() + "-decorated";
}
}

58. INTERCEPTOR BINDING…
@InterceptorBinding
@Target({METHOD, TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface Loggable {}

59. …IS USED TO BIND AN INTERCEPTOR
@Interceptor @Loggable
@Priority(Interceptor.Priority.APPLICATION)
public class LogInterceptor {
@AroundInvoke
public Object log(InvocationContext ic) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Entering " + ic.getMethod().getName());
try {
return ic.proceed();
} finally {
System.out.println("Exiting " + ic.getMethod().getName());
}
}
}

60. IT CAN BE PUT ON CLASS OR METHOD
@Loggable
public class MyBean {
@Inject HelloService service;
public void displayHello() {
display( service.hello();
}
}

61. THAT’S ALL FOR BASIC CDI
• If you want to learn advanced stuff come to check my over talk : CDI
advanced.
• follow @cdispec and @antoine_sd on twitter
• Questions ?