1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming .pdf
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1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming in \"runs and tumbles\"? Did you notice any swimming in more-or- less in straight lines? If yes, describe the cell morphology. 2. Motility because of flagell is the most common form of bacterial locomtoion, but some bacteria glide. If you examined pond water, did you notice any gliding cyanobacteria? if yes, descirbe the morphology. Solution 1.When bacteria undergoes random walks , it is called run and tubke method. Many many bacteria can be seen in the pond with Run and tumble methods this method is used by only those bacteria which have flagella When the flagella rotate clockwise it cause a Tumble but when they rotate counterclockwise it causes swimming motion Example of this bacteria is E e coli bacteria which uses the run and tumble method to randomly walk in the pond. The movement of these bacteria is due to chemical gradient that is caused due to the concentration of food If The bacteria realises that there is the concentration gradient of a food in one particular direction it gets attracted towards it and continues to walk in straight line. So these movements are the result of simply choosing between two methods of random movement that is tumbling and straight swimming, which is decided by the no. , postioning and structure of helical flagella and the concentration gradient.
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Phylum Protozoa
General characters, classification up to classes, locomotory organelles and locomotion in Protozoa
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of .pdf
what regulations have been specifically implemented to monitor managerial accountants.
Solution
The purpose of management accounting is to support decision making by collecting, processing,
and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business
processes and company strategy. According to business schools, the role of management
accountant is to perform a series of tasks to ensure financial security of the company as well as
help to drive overall business and management strategy.
Traditionally the task of management accountant focused on the task of recording and reporting
the management account information. With the change in technology, business environment,
new production methods, global competition the role of management accountant has been
shifted. Companies need to plan their operating activities within a particular budget. The role of
management accountant now includes formulating strategic business plans and ensures corporate
governance process. Management accountants are required to ensure adequate internal control
system exists and also to [provide risk management. Technological advancement allows
management accountant to track performance that is beyond historical cost based information. E-
commerce has brought dramatic changes and role includes dealing with various ethical
dilemmas.
There are no specific regulations have been implemented to monitor managerial accountants
however it the duty of managerial accountant to follow these rules and regulations
1 Establish and maintain financial policies and management information system
2 Provide high quality support
3 Prepare periodic financial statements
4 Formulating business strategies
5 Analyzing the financial implications of business decision
6 Liaising with other business managers and providing suggestions wherever required
7 Implementing corporate governance procedures, risk management and internal control.
8 Negotiating on major projects and loans
9 Interpreting and communicating financial data to other departments
10 They help in analyzing financial performance and adapt to changing circumstances.
based on this evidence Syconoid sponges were derived from leuconoid.pdf
based on this evidence? Syconoid sponges were derived from leuconoid ancestors. Leuconoid
sponges were derived from asconoid ancestors. Syconoid sponges were derived from syconoid
ancestors. Asconoid sponges were derived from syconoid ancestors. Leuconoid sponges were
derived from syconoid ancestors. The distinction between phagotrophs (or holozoic feeders) and
osmotrophs (or saprozoi a difference between producing your own food versus using the
chemical bonds in food molecules made diffusion of food across the membrane versus engulfing
food in a vacuole ingesting visible particles or organisms versus ingesting dissolved substances,
some from dead organisms eating living and eating dead oranic material. direct transport versus
indirect transport of food molecules The most likely mechanism for removing excess water by
contractile vacuoles is a proton pump that also pulls water into the vacuole. an ampulla that
forms suction. simple osmosis of water across the cell membrane. reverse osmosis. differential
fluid pressure. The large posterior attachment organ of the adult monogenean is a/an
opisthaptor. Cirrus rhabdite. pilidium. hydatid Nematocysts are first found in sponges, most
highly developed in cnidarians, but still found as remnants in some higher groups. formed and
used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may \"steal\" them. widespread among
the animal kingdom but first developed by Cnidarians. actually free-living symbionts that are
most usually taken up by cnidarians, as are many None of the choices is correct The function of
the siphonoglyph is to maintain balance or orientation. reproduction to form water currents into
the gastrovascular cavity. to aid in swimming. to sting the prey.
Solution
9.The correct answer is:C) ingesting visible particles or organisms versus ingesting dissolved
substances some from dead organisms.
Reason:Phagotrophs ingest food particles by engulfing them while osmotrophs ingest food
matter that is soluble.
10.The correct answer is: A) A proton pump that also pulls water into the vacuole.
Reason:Presence of proton pump in contractile vacuole brings a difference of ions inside the
vacuole as a result of which water is pulled into it via osmosis.
11.The correct answer is: A) opisthaptor
Reason:Opisthaptor is the posterior attachment strcuture of the monogenean adult.
12.The correct answer is:B) formed and used only in Cnidaria although a few other organisms
may steal them.
Reason:Nematocysts are found only in Cnidaria but there are marine gastropods known as
Nudibranchs that feed nematocysts of hydrozoids and store them in their dorsal body wall.These
stolen nematocysts are known as kleptocnidae.
13.The function of the siphonoglyph is: C) to form water currents into the gastrovascular cavity.
Reason: Siphonoglyph transfers water currents to the pharynx and are present at either one or
both ends of the mouth of sea anemones..
BIOL1408 Introductory Biology Name Lab Unit 67 Diff.docx
BIOL1408 Introductory Biology Name
Lab Unit 6/7: Diffusion & Osmosis date
Dr. Flo Oxley
In this lab unit, you will follow your eSciences ACC Lab Manual (posted in Blackboard: “Lab Manual”) to
learn about diffusion, osmosis, and how these processes work inside cells to support life.
This document will serve as your guide, sending you to the relevant lab activities and introductory
information found in the eSciences lab manual (pages for this unit are 68 - 81), or in the online replication of
the eScience lab manual uploaded to Blackboard for those of you who prefer to follow along online.
NOTE: I recommend that you read from this lab guide & report document first, going to the
eSciences manual materials only as directed. Students previously using the lab manual
have found that the additional background information provided in this document and the
step-by-step guidance through the eSciences lab materials to be beneficial.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: DIFFUSION
Diffusion is the net movement of a solute away from an area of high concentration towards an area of lower
concentration. If you have ever watched tea diffusing from a tea bag, you are familiar with the process of
diffusion. You have watched the brown molecules leaving the tea bag until eventually the tea become
uniformly brown. This is sometimes referred to as solute molecules moving down their concentration
gradient.
Notice that I said that it is NET movement of a solute. This means that like all molecules in liquid and gas
phases, solute molecules move randomly in all directions. There is no driving force for sending a solute
molecule down its concentration gradient other than there is no way to prevent the random movement of
molecules. Eventually, the solute molecules will become totally randomized in their distribution throughout
the solvent.
What does diffusion have to do with biology? Virtually all movements of molecules into and out of, and
around the interior of the cell relies on diffusion of solutes. The removal of waste products from the cell
relies on the random movement of these molecules from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell.
Similarly, the uptake of vital nutrients relies on their diffusion from the outside to the inside of the cell. The
circulatory system speeds these processes up by sweeping nutrients into the vicinity of cells and sweeping
away waste products from the cells to be excreted elsewhere from the body.
Note that the diffusion of oxygen (a vital nutrient) and carbon dioxide (an ever-present waste product of
cellular respiration) are a part of this story. Diffusion is critical in the process of providing nutrients and
oxygen circulating in the bloodstream to cells. A cell must be close to a capillary, within100 microns from a
capillary, in order for these metabolites to diffuse to the cell quickly enough. If it is farther than that from the
cell, it will not receive the ...
Recommended
Phylum Protozoa
General characters, classification up to classes, locomotory organelles and locomotion in Protozoa
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of .pdf
what regulations have been specifically implemented to monitor managerial accountants.
Solution
The purpose of management accounting is to support decision making by collecting, processing,
and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business
processes and company strategy. According to business schools, the role of management
accountant is to perform a series of tasks to ensure financial security of the company as well as
help to drive overall business and management strategy.
Traditionally the task of management accountant focused on the task of recording and reporting
the management account information. With the change in technology, business environment,
new production methods, global competition the role of management accountant has been
shifted. Companies need to plan their operating activities within a particular budget. The role of
management accountant now includes formulating strategic business plans and ensures corporate
governance process. Management accountants are required to ensure adequate internal control
system exists and also to [provide risk management. Technological advancement allows
management accountant to track performance that is beyond historical cost based information. E-
commerce has brought dramatic changes and role includes dealing with various ethical
dilemmas.
There are no specific regulations have been implemented to monitor managerial accountants
however it the duty of managerial accountant to follow these rules and regulations
1 Establish and maintain financial policies and management information system
2 Provide high quality support
3 Prepare periodic financial statements
4 Formulating business strategies
5 Analyzing the financial implications of business decision
6 Liaising with other business managers and providing suggestions wherever required
7 Implementing corporate governance procedures, risk management and internal control.
8 Negotiating on major projects and loans
9 Interpreting and communicating financial data to other departments
10 They help in analyzing financial performance and adapt to changing circumstances.
based on this evidence Syconoid sponges were derived from leuconoid.pdf
based on this evidence? Syconoid sponges were derived from leuconoid ancestors. Leuconoid
sponges were derived from asconoid ancestors. Syconoid sponges were derived from syconoid
ancestors. Asconoid sponges were derived from syconoid ancestors. Leuconoid sponges were
derived from syconoid ancestors. The distinction between phagotrophs (or holozoic feeders) and
osmotrophs (or saprozoi a difference between producing your own food versus using the
chemical bonds in food molecules made diffusion of food across the membrane versus engulfing
food in a vacuole ingesting visible particles or organisms versus ingesting dissolved substances,
some from dead organisms eating living and eating dead oranic material. direct transport versus
indirect transport of food molecules The most likely mechanism for removing excess water by
contractile vacuoles is a proton pump that also pulls water into the vacuole. an ampulla that
forms suction. simple osmosis of water across the cell membrane. reverse osmosis. differential
fluid pressure. The large posterior attachment organ of the adult monogenean is a/an
opisthaptor. Cirrus rhabdite. pilidium. hydatid Nematocysts are first found in sponges, most
highly developed in cnidarians, but still found as remnants in some higher groups. formed and
used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may \"steal\" them. widespread among
the animal kingdom but first developed by Cnidarians. actually free-living symbionts that are
most usually taken up by cnidarians, as are many None of the choices is correct The function of
the siphonoglyph is to maintain balance or orientation. reproduction to form water currents into
the gastrovascular cavity. to aid in swimming. to sting the prey.
Solution
9.The correct answer is:C) ingesting visible particles or organisms versus ingesting dissolved
substances some from dead organisms.
Reason:Phagotrophs ingest food particles by engulfing them while osmotrophs ingest food
matter that is soluble.
10.The correct answer is: A) A proton pump that also pulls water into the vacuole.
Reason:Presence of proton pump in contractile vacuole brings a difference of ions inside the
vacuole as a result of which water is pulled into it via osmosis.
11.The correct answer is: A) opisthaptor
Reason:Opisthaptor is the posterior attachment strcuture of the monogenean adult.
12.The correct answer is:B) formed and used only in Cnidaria although a few other organisms
may steal them.
Reason:Nematocysts are found only in Cnidaria but there are marine gastropods known as
Nudibranchs that feed nematocysts of hydrozoids and store them in their dorsal body wall.These
stolen nematocysts are known as kleptocnidae.
13.The function of the siphonoglyph is: C) to form water currents into the gastrovascular cavity.
Reason: Siphonoglyph transfers water currents to the pharynx and are present at either one or
both ends of the mouth of sea anemones..
BIOL1408 Introductory Biology Name Lab Unit 67 Diff.docx
BIOL1408 Introductory Biology Name
Lab Unit 6/7: Diffusion & Osmosis date
Dr. Flo Oxley
In this lab unit, you will follow your eSciences ACC Lab Manual (posted in Blackboard: “Lab Manual”) to
learn about diffusion, osmosis, and how these processes work inside cells to support life.
This document will serve as your guide, sending you to the relevant lab activities and introductory
information found in the eSciences lab manual (pages for this unit are 68 - 81), or in the online replication of
the eScience lab manual uploaded to Blackboard for those of you who prefer to follow along online.
NOTE: I recommend that you read from this lab guide & report document first, going to the
eSciences manual materials only as directed. Students previously using the lab manual
have found that the additional background information provided in this document and the
step-by-step guidance through the eSciences lab materials to be beneficial.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: DIFFUSION
Diffusion is the net movement of a solute away from an area of high concentration towards an area of lower
concentration. If you have ever watched tea diffusing from a tea bag, you are familiar with the process of
diffusion. You have watched the brown molecules leaving the tea bag until eventually the tea become
uniformly brown. This is sometimes referred to as solute molecules moving down their concentration
gradient.
Notice that I said that it is NET movement of a solute. This means that like all molecules in liquid and gas
phases, solute molecules move randomly in all directions. There is no driving force for sending a solute
molecule down its concentration gradient other than there is no way to prevent the random movement of
molecules. Eventually, the solute molecules will become totally randomized in their distribution throughout
the solvent.
What does diffusion have to do with biology? Virtually all movements of molecules into and out of, and
around the interior of the cell relies on diffusion of solutes. The removal of waste products from the cell
relies on the random movement of these molecules from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell.
Similarly, the uptake of vital nutrients relies on their diffusion from the outside to the inside of the cell. The
circulatory system speeds these processes up by sweeping nutrients into the vicinity of cells and sweeping
away waste products from the cells to be excreted elsewhere from the body.
Note that the diffusion of oxygen (a vital nutrient) and carbon dioxide (an ever-present waste product of
cellular respiration) are a part of this story. Diffusion is critical in the process of providing nutrients and
oxygen circulating in the bloodstream to cells. A cell must be close to a capillary, within100 microns from a
capillary, in order for these metabolites to diffuse to the cell quickly enough. If it is farther than that from the
cell, it will not receive the ...
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlor.pdf
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlorine reacts well with many
other chemicals because it is a strong oxidant. What does this mean?
Answer: Option 4 Because chlorine is strongly electronegative and needs one electron to fill its
outer shell, it strongly pulls electrons from other substances.
Explanation: Chlorine is known to be one of the most electronegative atoms of the periodic table
( with a value of approx 3 in the pauling scale). This means that it has a very strong tendancy to
attract electron. Also Chlorine (Atomic number 17, configuration of electrons 2, 8, 7) has seven
electrons in the valence shell so it needs one electron to fill its outer shell .
2. Tests to monitor water safety often report the number of fecal coliform bacteria found in
samples. Which of the following statements accurately reflects water safety recommendations
based upon fecal coliform levels?
Answer : Here by mistake the first two options are exactly same, one of them probably needs to
be corrected to
If the level of fecal coliform bacteria is low, then the water is safe for drinking and recreational
purposes.
This option will be the correct option.
Explanation: Fecal coliforms are bacteria which indicate that the water might have been exposed
to fecal matter. They are an excellant proxy to make sure that the water doesn\'t contain any
human pathogens. So if the Fecal coliforms count is low it indicates that the chances of water
containing any human pathogen is also low and therefore it can be used for drinking and
recreational purposes
3. When an individual has severe diarrhea, as can occur with cholera, rehydration solution with
glucose, salt, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride can be administered. Why is it
important to use a solution like this rather than simply giving the individual water?
Answer: Option 1: Diarrhea causes the loss of electrolytes, not just fluids, and it is important to
replace the electrolytes as well. Glucose is transported into intestinal epithelial cells, along with
sodium, by symporters. It is included as well because glucose is not sufficiently absorbed while
sodium is lacking.
Explanation: The answer is self explanatory
4.Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen that causes cholera. It has an unusual shape distinctive of
its genus. Considering that it does not have one of the most common bacterial shapes, what is the
shape of this species?
Answer Option 2 - Curved rod
Explanation:Vibrio\'s unique curved rod shape is also called the \"comma\" shape. Just helps to
remember it more easily
5. Legionella pneumophilia can grow in water and is transmitted in aerosols. Which of these has
an infection NOT been linked to?
Answer option 4 -ocean water
6. On a global scale, the most important waterborne bacterial pathogens are __________.
Answer Option 4 -Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
7. Food that is heavily salted or candied does not need to be refrigerated. Why not?
Answer option 2 -E.
Innate Behavior (Animal Behavior) Taxis, Fixed Action Pattern, reflex.
This slides contain lots of study material
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficul.pdf
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficulty of viewing microbes in
wet preparations
Solution
First we have to find two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficulty of viewing
microbes in wet preparations are a bacteria which has the intrinsic ability of movement in the
surrounding medium in which it remains suspended is a motile bacteria.
A bacteria which does not have the intrinsic ability of movement in the surrounding medium in
which it remains suspended is a non-motile bacteria.
In wet mount though the shape and size of bacteria can be observed motility may be hampered as
the suspension is pressed between the slide and the cover slip.
Motility test is performed for clear observation of the motility of bacteria, besides their shape and
size.
The hanging drop is observed under a microscope using oil immersion objective its cells can be
seen to have erratic movement in the surrounding medium.
If it is non motile its cells remain static in the medium without any movement or may show
brownian movement resulting from the bombardment by the water molecules in the medium..
Salt and water regulation in insects
Excretory system
Fuction of excretory system
Excretory organ
1>Malpighian tubules
2>Nephrocyte
3>Oenocytes
5>Integument
6>rectum
→Urine production
Formation of primary urine
Movement of solute
Excreation of ions
Modification of primary urine
Salt and water balance
terrestial insects
Fresh water insect
Salt water insect
Nitrogen Excretion
Why is it easier to classify protists by methods of nutrition and mo.pdf
Why are there so many different computer programming languages, all with the same underlying
approach?
Solution
Answer:
Yes all languages are having same underlying approach and give the same result like other
languages do. Bu the languages evolve with time. In C , there are no classes and objects , No
exception handling in early C++ , no built in threads in java. So each language differ though
having same underlying appraoch. Each language has different way of solving the problem .Like
in python language : considered as the simple , easy and short programming language. It is easy
to use and write than C , C++ . It is all because of evolution . Without evolution in programming
language , we would have still using assembly language..
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restric.pdf
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
Solution
A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific
recognition nucleotides sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes are routinely used
for DNA modification in Laboratories and or a vital tool in molecular cloning. Restriction
enzymes are used to digest genomic DNA gene analysis by southern blot this technique allows
researchers to identify how many copies of a gene are present in the genome of one individual or
how many gene mutations have occured within a population. Restriction enzyme digestion has
played and continuous to play a major role in analysing the genetic changes in Cancer the
availability of 200 different restriction enzymes is recognising different sequences in DNA has
been invaluable in studying cancer genetics.Due to mutations in the DNA sequence the chances
of these studies are minimised definitely..
Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate. S.pdf
Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate.
Solution
CharacteristicLiverwortsMossesHorsetailsFernsBody formFlattened thallusUprightUpright
Above ground, flat/uprightPresence of
Roots, Stems
and leavesYes, stems and leaves not clearly differentiated Yes, allYes, Leaves reduced, usually
non-photosyntheticYes, allMethod of asexual reproductionGemmae and tips of forked thalli give
rise to progenyGemmaevegetative, via rhizomessporophyte, diploidMethod of sexual
reproductionMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilizationMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilization, formation of sporophyte after fertilizationspores germinate to form male and
female prothallifree-living gametophyte, haploid. Union of gametes to produce offspring.
Exercise 4-10Larkspur, Inc., opened an incorporated dental practic.pdf
Exercise 4-10
Larkspur, Inc., opened an incorporated dental practice on January 1, 2017. During the first month
of operations, the following transactions occurred.
Prepare the adjusting entries on January 31. Account titles are Accumulated
Depreciation—Equipment, Depreciation Expense, Service Revenue, Accounts Receivable,
Insurance Expense, Interest Expense, Interest Payable, Prepaid Insurance, Supplies, Supplies
Expense, Utilities Expense, and Accounts Payable. (If no entry is required, select \"No Entry\"
for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented
when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
No.
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit1.Performed services for patients who had dental plan insurance. At January 31, $770 of
such services was completed but not yet billed to the insurance companies.2.Utility expenses
incurred but not paid prior to January 31 totaled $780.3.Purchased dental equipment on January
1 for $86,500, paying $22,200 in cash and signing a $64,300, 3-year note payable (interest is
paid each December 31). The equipment depreciates $530 per month. Interest is $690 per
month.4.Purchased a 1-year malpractice insurance policy on January 1 for $24,000.5.Purchased
$2,650 of dental supplies (recorded as increase to Supplies). On January 31, determined that
$500 of supplies were on hand.
Solution
1 31-Jan Accounts receivable 770 Service revenue 770 2 31-Jan Utilities
expense 780 Accounts payable 780 3 31-Jan Depreciation expense 530
Accumulated depreciation-equipment 530 Interest expense 690 Interest payable
690 4 31-Jan Insurance expense 2000 =24000/12 Prepaid insurance 2000 5
31-Jan Supplies expense 2150 =2650-500 Supplies 2150.
Does human DNA possess operonsSolutionAnswerOperons (clust.pdf
Does human DNA possess operons?
Solution
Answer:
Operons (clusters of co-regulated genes with related functions) are a well-known feature of
prokaryotic genomes. Polycistronic transcription is a characteristic of bacteria and archaea,
where many of the genes are clustered in operons composed of two to more genes.
The genes of eukaryotes (including humans) are generally considered to be monocistronic, each
with its own promoter at the 5\' end and a transcription terminator at the 3\' end. However, it has
recently become clear that not all eukaryotic genes are transcribed monocistronically. Functional
gene clustering also occurs in eukaryotes, from yeasts to filamentous fungi, mammals,
nematodes, and plants.
These gene clusters therefore represent functional gene organizations with operon-like features,
although the genes are not usually transcribed as a single mRNA as is the case in prokaryotes.
Like bacterial operons, eukaryotic operons often result in co-expression of functionally related
proteins.
Thus, human DNA possess operon like properties but not the ideal operon system present in
prokaryotes..
Explain the relationship between population growth and social differ.pdf
Explain the relationship between population growth and social differentiation. How does
population growth results in social differentiation? In turn, how does social differentiation allow
for more population growth?
Solution
As the population grows, it is possible that there will be more social differentiation made.
Different ethic groups may come together in populations that are increasing. Social
differentiation is the distinction between system and environment to determine that society is a
complex system which replicates the system/environment distinction to form internal
subsystems. Population gowth has resulted both in intragroup and intergroup differentiation in
societies. Intragroup and intergroup differentiation are two basic types of social differentiation.
Intragroup differentiation represents a division of the group into subgroups that perform different
functions in the group without being superior or inferior to each other. Intergroup differentiation,
on the other hand, is represented by the millions of various organized, semiorganized, and “as if
organized” groups, or social systems, into which the total human population is divided and
structured. On the hand, as societies differentiate more and more, there is an urge to increase the
population strength of each individual society. So, over time, each society grows and this
increases the total population..
differentiate between Bergeyso Manual of systematic bacteriology a.pdf
differentiate between Bergey\'so Manual of systematic bacteriology and Bergey\'s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology.
Solution
ANS:
David Berger published a book (1923) on bacterial classification based on bacterial species. The
book is named as “THE BERGEY’S MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY”.
This book is the \"BIBLE\" of bacterial taxonomy. In his first edition he classified bacteria on
basis of phenetics, but the second is based on phylogenetic studies.
Bergey\'s Manual of systematic bacteriology:
In this bacteria’s are classified on the basis of genetic relationship and its evolution.
It explains eu- and archaebacteria phylogenetic information based on r RNA sequencing.
Bergey\'s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology:
In this bacteria’s are classified on the based on cell wall composition, morphology, biochemical
tests and differential staining etc...
According to this eubacteria and archaebacteria is identified by different identification schemes..
Describe examples of variant histones and the chromosomal structures.pdf
Describe examples of variant histones and the chromosomal structures and/or processes with
which each is associated?
Solution
Answer : Histones are the basic proteins that contain high amounts of basic amino acids such as
arginine and lysine. They play a role in packaging eukaryotic DNA into structural units called
nucleosomes. There are five types of histone proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes namely, H1,
H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. H1 is called the linker histone and highly conserved and the last four
histones in copies of two forms the histone octamer found at the centre of nucleosome. Apart
from its involvement in DNA packaging they also have a vital role in eukaryotic gene regulation
which is brought about by acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins.
More Related Content
Similar to 1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming .pdf
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlor.pdf
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlorine reacts well with many
other chemicals because it is a strong oxidant. What does this mean?
Answer: Option 4 Because chlorine is strongly electronegative and needs one electron to fill its
outer shell, it strongly pulls electrons from other substances.
Explanation: Chlorine is known to be one of the most electronegative atoms of the periodic table
( with a value of approx 3 in the pauling scale). This means that it has a very strong tendancy to
attract electron. Also Chlorine (Atomic number 17, configuration of electrons 2, 8, 7) has seven
electrons in the valence shell so it needs one electron to fill its outer shell .
2. Tests to monitor water safety often report the number of fecal coliform bacteria found in
samples. Which of the following statements accurately reflects water safety recommendations
based upon fecal coliform levels?
Answer : Here by mistake the first two options are exactly same, one of them probably needs to
be corrected to
If the level of fecal coliform bacteria is low, then the water is safe for drinking and recreational
purposes.
This option will be the correct option.
Explanation: Fecal coliforms are bacteria which indicate that the water might have been exposed
to fecal matter. They are an excellant proxy to make sure that the water doesn\'t contain any
human pathogens. So if the Fecal coliforms count is low it indicates that the chances of water
containing any human pathogen is also low and therefore it can be used for drinking and
recreational purposes
3. When an individual has severe diarrhea, as can occur with cholera, rehydration solution with
glucose, salt, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride can be administered. Why is it
important to use a solution like this rather than simply giving the individual water?
Answer: Option 1: Diarrhea causes the loss of electrolytes, not just fluids, and it is important to
replace the electrolytes as well. Glucose is transported into intestinal epithelial cells, along with
sodium, by symporters. It is included as well because glucose is not sufficiently absorbed while
sodium is lacking.
Explanation: The answer is self explanatory
4.Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen that causes cholera. It has an unusual shape distinctive of
its genus. Considering that it does not have one of the most common bacterial shapes, what is the
shape of this species?
Answer Option 2 - Curved rod
Explanation:Vibrio\'s unique curved rod shape is also called the \"comma\" shape. Just helps to
remember it more easily
5. Legionella pneumophilia can grow in water and is transmitted in aerosols. Which of these has
an infection NOT been linked to?
Answer option 4 -ocean water
6. On a global scale, the most important waterborne bacterial pathogens are __________.
Answer Option 4 -Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
7. Food that is heavily salted or candied does not need to be refrigerated. Why not?
Answer option 2 -E.
Innate Behavior (Animal Behavior) Taxis, Fixed Action Pattern, reflex.
This slides contain lots of study material
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficul.pdf
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficulty of viewing microbes in
wet preparations
Solution
First we have to find two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficulty of viewing
microbes in wet preparations are a bacteria which has the intrinsic ability of movement in the
surrounding medium in which it remains suspended is a motile bacteria.
A bacteria which does not have the intrinsic ability of movement in the surrounding medium in
which it remains suspended is a non-motile bacteria.
In wet mount though the shape and size of bacteria can be observed motility may be hampered as
the suspension is pressed between the slide and the cover slip.
Motility test is performed for clear observation of the motility of bacteria, besides their shape and
size.
The hanging drop is observed under a microscope using oil immersion objective its cells can be
seen to have erratic movement in the surrounding medium.
If it is non motile its cells remain static in the medium without any movement or may show
brownian movement resulting from the bombardment by the water molecules in the medium..
Salt and water regulation in insects
Excretory system
Fuction of excretory system
Excretory organ
1>Malpighian tubules
2>Nephrocyte
3>Oenocytes
5>Integument
6>rectum
→Urine production
Formation of primary urine
Movement of solute
Excreation of ions
Modification of primary urine
Salt and water balance
terrestial insects
Fresh water insect
Salt water insect
Nitrogen Excretion
Why is it easier to classify protists by methods of nutrition and mo.pdf
Why are there so many different computer programming languages, all with the same underlying
approach?
Solution
Answer:
Yes all languages are having same underlying approach and give the same result like other
languages do. Bu the languages evolve with time. In C , there are no classes and objects , No
exception handling in early C++ , no built in threads in java. So each language differ though
having same underlying appraoch. Each language has different way of solving the problem .Like
in python language : considered as the simple , easy and short programming language. It is easy
to use and write than C , C++ . It is all because of evolution . Without evolution in programming
language , we would have still using assembly language..
Similar to 1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming .pdf (15)
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlor.pdf
1. Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. Chlor.pdf
Innate Behavior (Animal Behavior) Taxis, Fixed Action Pattern, reflex.
Innate Behavior (Animal Behavior) Taxis, Fixed Action Pattern, reflex.
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficul.pdf
Explain two ways in which microbiologists have overcome the difficul.pdf
Why is it easier to classify protists by methods of nutrition and mo.pdf
Why is it easier to classify protists by methods of nutrition and mo.pdf
More from archanacomputers1
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restric.pdf
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis
Solution
A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific
recognition nucleotides sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes are routinely used
for DNA modification in Laboratories and or a vital tool in molecular cloning. Restriction
enzymes are used to digest genomic DNA gene analysis by southern blot this technique allows
researchers to identify how many copies of a gene are present in the genome of one individual or
how many gene mutations have occured within a population. Restriction enzyme digestion has
played and continuous to play a major role in analysing the genetic changes in Cancer the
availability of 200 different restriction enzymes is recognising different sequences in DNA has
been invaluable in studying cancer genetics.Due to mutations in the DNA sequence the chances
of these studies are minimised definitely..
Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate. S.pdf
Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate.
Solution
CharacteristicLiverwortsMossesHorsetailsFernsBody formFlattened thallusUprightUpright
Above ground, flat/uprightPresence of
Roots, Stems
and leavesYes, stems and leaves not clearly differentiated Yes, allYes, Leaves reduced, usually
non-photosyntheticYes, allMethod of asexual reproductionGemmae and tips of forked thalli give
rise to progenyGemmaevegetative, via rhizomessporophyte, diploidMethod of sexual
reproductionMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilizationMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilization, formation of sporophyte after fertilizationspores germinate to form male and
female prothallifree-living gametophyte, haploid. Union of gametes to produce offspring.
Exercise 4-10Larkspur, Inc., opened an incorporated dental practic.pdf
Exercise 4-10
Larkspur, Inc., opened an incorporated dental practice on January 1, 2017. During the first month
of operations, the following transactions occurred.
Prepare the adjusting entries on January 31. Account titles are Accumulated
Depreciation—Equipment, Depreciation Expense, Service Revenue, Accounts Receivable,
Insurance Expense, Interest Expense, Interest Payable, Prepaid Insurance, Supplies, Supplies
Expense, Utilities Expense, and Accounts Payable. (If no entry is required, select \"No Entry\"
for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented
when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
No.
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit1.Performed services for patients who had dental plan insurance. At January 31, $770 of
such services was completed but not yet billed to the insurance companies.2.Utility expenses
incurred but not paid prior to January 31 totaled $780.3.Purchased dental equipment on January
1 for $86,500, paying $22,200 in cash and signing a $64,300, 3-year note payable (interest is
paid each December 31). The equipment depreciates $530 per month. Interest is $690 per
month.4.Purchased a 1-year malpractice insurance policy on January 1 for $24,000.5.Purchased
$2,650 of dental supplies (recorded as increase to Supplies). On January 31, determined that
$500 of supplies were on hand.
Solution
1 31-Jan Accounts receivable 770 Service revenue 770 2 31-Jan Utilities
expense 780 Accounts payable 780 3 31-Jan Depreciation expense 530
Accumulated depreciation-equipment 530 Interest expense 690 Interest payable
690 4 31-Jan Insurance expense 2000 =24000/12 Prepaid insurance 2000 5
31-Jan Supplies expense 2150 =2650-500 Supplies 2150.
Does human DNA possess operonsSolutionAnswerOperons (clust.pdf
Does human DNA possess operons?
Solution
Answer:
Operons (clusters of co-regulated genes with related functions) are a well-known feature of
prokaryotic genomes. Polycistronic transcription is a characteristic of bacteria and archaea,
where many of the genes are clustered in operons composed of two to more genes.
The genes of eukaryotes (including humans) are generally considered to be monocistronic, each
with its own promoter at the 5\' end and a transcription terminator at the 3\' end. However, it has
recently become clear that not all eukaryotic genes are transcribed monocistronically. Functional
gene clustering also occurs in eukaryotes, from yeasts to filamentous fungi, mammals,
nematodes, and plants.
These gene clusters therefore represent functional gene organizations with operon-like features,
although the genes are not usually transcribed as a single mRNA as is the case in prokaryotes.
Like bacterial operons, eukaryotic operons often result in co-expression of functionally related
proteins.
Thus, human DNA possess operon like properties but not the ideal operon system present in
prokaryotes..
Explain the relationship between population growth and social differ.pdf
Explain the relationship between population growth and social differentiation. How does
population growth results in social differentiation? In turn, how does social differentiation allow
for more population growth?
Solution
As the population grows, it is possible that there will be more social differentiation made.
Different ethic groups may come together in populations that are increasing. Social
differentiation is the distinction between system and environment to determine that society is a
complex system which replicates the system/environment distinction to form internal
subsystems. Population gowth has resulted both in intragroup and intergroup differentiation in
societies. Intragroup and intergroup differentiation are two basic types of social differentiation.
Intragroup differentiation represents a division of the group into subgroups that perform different
functions in the group without being superior or inferior to each other. Intergroup differentiation,
on the other hand, is represented by the millions of various organized, semiorganized, and “as if
organized” groups, or social systems, into which the total human population is divided and
structured. On the hand, as societies differentiate more and more, there is an urge to increase the
population strength of each individual society. So, over time, each society grows and this
increases the total population..
differentiate between Bergeyso Manual of systematic bacteriology a.pdf
differentiate between Bergey\'so Manual of systematic bacteriology and Bergey\'s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology.
Solution
ANS:
David Berger published a book (1923) on bacterial classification based on bacterial species. The
book is named as “THE BERGEY’S MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY”.
This book is the \"BIBLE\" of bacterial taxonomy. In his first edition he classified bacteria on
basis of phenetics, but the second is based on phylogenetic studies.
Bergey\'s Manual of systematic bacteriology:
In this bacteria’s are classified on the basis of genetic relationship and its evolution.
It explains eu- and archaebacteria phylogenetic information based on r RNA sequencing.
Bergey\'s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology:
In this bacteria’s are classified on the based on cell wall composition, morphology, biochemical
tests and differential staining etc...
According to this eubacteria and archaebacteria is identified by different identification schemes..
Describe examples of variant histones and the chromosomal structures.pdf
Describe examples of variant histones and the chromosomal structures and/or processes with
which each is associated?
Solution
Answer : Histones are the basic proteins that contain high amounts of basic amino acids such as
arginine and lysine. They play a role in packaging eukaryotic DNA into structural units called
nucleosomes. There are five types of histone proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes namely, H1,
H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. H1 is called the linker histone and highly conserved and the last four
histones in copies of two forms the histone octamer found at the centre of nucleosome. Apart
from its involvement in DNA packaging they also have a vital role in eukaryotic gene regulation
which is brought about by acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins.
Create a system to simulate vehicles at an intersection. Assume th.pdf
\"Create a system to simulate vehicles at an intersection. Assume that there is one lane going in
each of four directions, with stoplights facing each direction. Vary the arrival average of vehicles
in each direction and the frequency of the light changes to view the \"behavior\" of the
intersection.\"
You canNOT use the Java built-in Queue or Deque class. Use an Array or Linked List
implementation of a queue as explained in the text. This means a jsjf package containing
QueueADT.java file with CircularArrayQueue.java or LinkedQueue.java and LinearNode.java.
Include user-defined exceptions and javadoc comments.
Be sure to test thoroughly, and document your results.
Be sure to label your outputs so that when I run your code I can readily understand what you\'re
doing.
Determine what is the optimal light-change time to maximize car throughput.
WANT KNOW HOW CAN I MAKE IT RUN!
import java.lang.Math;
import java.io.*;
import jsjf.*;
import jsjf.exceptions.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*This class is where all action resides. It contains all the queues that represent the lanes at the
intersection.
* It also contains all methods that pertain to populating the intersection and moving the vehicles
in their
* retrospective directions.
*/
public class Simulator {
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the left lane on Main Street headed
East. */
private LinkedQueue EMainL = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the right lane on Main Street headed
East. */
private LinkedQueue EMainR = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the left lane on Main Street headed
West. */
private LinkedQueue WMainL = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the right lane on Main Street headed
West. */
private LinkedQueue WMainR = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the left lane on Church Street
headed North. */
private LinkedQueue NChurchL = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the right lane on Church Street
headed North. */
private LinkedQueue NChurchR = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the left lane on Church Street
headed South. */
private LinkedQueue SChurchL = new LinkedQueue();
/** This queue will hold only vehicle objects that enter in the right lane on Church Street
headed South. */
private LinkedQueue SChurchR = new LinkedQueue();
/** This integer value will keep track of the current time during the simulation.*/
int time = 0;
/** This integer value will be used to make sure only two vehicles move during each light
change for each lane. */
int i = 0;
/** This integer value will keep track of the vehicle numbers of the cars that arrive at the
intersection. */
int vehicleNum = 1;
/** This creates a filewriter object that allows us for the ability to write streams o.
Darwin believed that women were less evolved than men, and because o.pdf
Darwin believed that women were less evolved than men, and because of their smaller brains
were eternally primitive. He argued that male intelligence was consistently sharpened through
the struggle for possession of females through sexual selection and through hunting and other
activities such as defending females and young which is natural selection. Men had ultimately
become superior to women.
Address each of the following: What do you think were the implications of these statements from
Darwin for women in science and mathematics following their publication in 1871? Do you
think it helped or made it worse for women trying to break into this male dominated
environment? What types of implications might these statements have caused? Do you think
Darwin\'s statements have lingering influences in today\'s science profession? Describe.
Solution
As indicated by Darwinian hypothesis, ladies were less developed than men, and due to their
littler brains, they were \"forever primitive,\" virtuous, less otherworldly, more materialistic, and
\"a genuine risk to contemporary civilization.\" The assumed insight crevice that many driving
Darwinists accepted existed between human guys and females was large to the point that some
driving Darwinists characterized them as two unmistakable species—guys as Homo frontalis and
females as Homo parietalis. The distinctions were great to the point that Darwin was
flabbergasted \"such extraordinary creatures have a place with the same species.\"
Purposes behind male predominance incorporated the conclusion that war and chasing pruned
the weaker men, permitting just the most fit to return home and reproduce. Ladies, conversely,
were not subject to these determination weights but rather were ensured by men, permitting the
frail to survive. Darwin\'s compositions and those of his devotees uncover that the conviction of
ladies inadequacy was vital to early transformative hypothesis. In The Descent of Man Darwin
contended that grown-up females of most species looked like the youthful of both genders and
that \"guys are more developmentally progressed than females.
This corrupting perspective of ladies quickly spread to Darwin\'s logical and scholarly peers
amid the late Victorian period and intensely affected numerous scholars who had a noteworthy
part in forming the accompanying era—from Sigmund Freud to Havelock Ellis. Evelleen
Richards infers that Darwin\'s perspectives about ladies coherently took after from his
hypothesis, \"in this manner feeding a few eras of logical sexism.\"Importantly, subsequently of
Darwin\'s thoughts, researchers were roused to utilize science to manufacture bolster for the
position that ladies were \"plainly mediocre and irreversibly subordinate\" to men, hence
affecting all of society. Darwinian intuition upheld the possibility that men were better than
ladies, which was at that point inside many societies. Darwin essentially offered belief to this
unbiblical instructing.
a) become more similar to one another. b) become more different th.pdf
a) become more similar to one another.
b) become more different than the mean.
c) cluster around the mean.
d) are more accurately represented by the mean.As the standard deviation gets larger, the scores
in the distribution
a) become more similar to one another.
b) become more different than the mean.
c) cluster around the mean.
d) are more accurately represented by the mean.
Solution
b) become more different than the mean.
Why are the shape and slope of a dose-response curve importantS.pdf
Why are the shape and slope of a dose-response curve important?
Solution
Answer:
It is important for to predict the toxicity of a substance at specific dose levels. Major differences
among drugs may exist not only in the point at which the threshold is reached but also in the
percent of population responding per unit change in dose (i.e., the slope). The slope of the dose
response curve represents rate of buildup of toxic effects..
When streaking a plate, the idea is to dilute the bacteria sufficie.pdf
When streaking a plate, the idea is to dilute the bacteria sufficiently so that by the 3^rd phase
of the plate you have isolated colonies; a plate contains sufficient surface area to allow isolated
colonies to appear, whereas a slant does not. _ Enrichment media contains substances that
various bacteria require for growth; blood agar is considered enrichment media as it detects
hemolysins.
Solution
the answers are true, streaking provides more surface area for the microbes and we can isolate
individual colonies but a slant cannot. In a slant we can store the bacterias for long term.
Enrichment media is enriched with specific nutrients to support the growth of specific
microorganism and inhibits other microbes.Blood agar is a enriched midia.
Why is it bad for a group to be polyphyleticWhat type of traits c.pdf
Why is it bad for a group to be polyphyletic?
What type of traits can be used in a cladistic analysis?
Solution
Polyphyletic group doesnot involve grouping of all the desendents of a common ancestor. This
kind of grouping arises when analogous characters of the organisms were misunderstood. The
organisms placed under polyphyletic group have similar characteristics, however they donot
share these characters from a common ancestor.
Cladistic analysis takes into consideration of shared characters i.e; synapomorphies, evolutionary
relationship, common ancestor.
When recruiting a sample of individuals to participate in a study on.pdf
When recruiting a sample of individuals to participate in a study on reaction time, researchers
used the most recent census to identify local older adults, who were
between the ages of 60 and 65, between 65 and 70, between 70 and 75, between 75 and
80, and between 80 and 85. Once they had identified these subgroups, the researchers randomly
selected 20 people from within each age group to participate in the study. What kind of sampling
method did the researchers use?
a. convenience sampling
b. random sampling
c. stratified sampling
d. cluster sampling
Solution
d. cluster sampling.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place stroma of the chloroplast t.pdf
Where does the Calvin cycle take place? stroma of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane
thylakoid space outer membrane of the chloroplast cytoplasm In a plant cell, where are ATP
synthase complexes located? A. thylakoid membrane B. Inner mitochondrial membrane C.
plasma membrane D. A & B E. A, B, and C
Solution
9. Stroma of the chloroplasts Calvin cycle takes place inside the stroma of the chloroplasts. 10.
The answer is D. Both Aand B. In plants ATP synthase complexes are present in the thylakoids
membrane and in the inner mitochondrial membrane..
What are the pros and cons of using the mode as your measure of cent.pdf
What are the pros and cons of using the mode as your measure of central tendency?
Solution
The mode is that observation that occurs most often.
It is usually not unique, and is therefore not that often used.
Advantages :
1) It has the advantage that it applies to numerical as well as categorical variables.
2) As with the median, the mode is easy to find if the data is small and sorted.
Disadvantages :
1) The mode only refers to the element that ocurs the maximum number of times. So, it doe snot
apply when the data set has many outliers or if the data set has a very large number of elements.
We presented a list of capabilities that should be provided by the DB.pdf
We presented a list of capabilities that should be provided by the DBMS software to the DBA,
database designers, and end users to help them design, administer, and use a database. Then we
gave a brief historical perspective on the evolution of database applications. We pointed out the
recent rapid growth of the amounts and types of data that must be stored in databases, and we
discussed the emergence of new systems for handling \"big data\" applications. Finally, we
discussed the overhead costs of using a DBMS and discussed some situations in which it may not
be advantageous to use one. Define the following terms: data, database, DBMS, database
system, database catalog, program-data independence, user view, DBA, end user, canned
transaction, deductive database system, persistent object, meta-data, and transaction-processing
application. What four main types of actions involve databases? Briefly discuss each. Discuss
the main characteristics of the database approach and how it differs from traditional file systems.
What are the responsibilities of the DBA and the database designers? What are the different
types of database end users? Discuss the main activities of each. Discuss the capabilities that
should be provided by a DBMS. Discuss the differences between database systems and
information retrieval systems. Identify some informal queries and update operations that you
would expect to apply to the database shown in Figure 1.2. What is the difference between
controlled and uncontrolled redundancy? Illustrate with examples. Specify all the relationships
among the records of the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Solution
I.
Data: data is simply called as collection of objects.
Data base : data base is collection of information which is organised in so the information can be
accessed very easily.
Data base Management System: it is a computer software. it creates and manages database.it also
capture and analyses the data.
Data base System : it is a highlevel definition which relates the structure and relationship
between stored data.
Database catalog : database catalog consists of tables, views, synonyms, value ranges, indexes,
users, and user groups are stored.
program data independence: Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters for a
DBMS.
User View: It is some set screens which appears for a user to select a certain actiomn or option.
DBA: DBA refers to data base adminstrator he controls all the action with respect to data base.
End User: end user is a person he will use the product after it is developed fully.
Canned Transaction : It is a standard type of query and updates that have been carefully
programmed and tested.
deductive database: A deductive database is a database system that can make deductions (i.e.,
conclude additional facts) based on rules and facts.
Persistent objects: These are the fundamental logical units of data storage in a database.
Meta data: meta data is a data which provides the information of other .
Two loudspeakers on elevated platforms are at opposite ends of a fie.pdf
Two loudspeakers on elevated platforms are at opposite ends of a field. Each broadcasts equally
in all directions. The sound intensity level at a point halfway between the loudspeakers is 71.6
dB .
Q:What is the sound intensity level at a point one-quarter of the way from one speaker to the
other along the line joining them?
Solution
We know that the net intensity level due to multiple source is given as: 71.6 = 10 log ( Inet / I0);
71.6 = 10 log(2I/Io)
Now, what we have is that the Inet = 2I where I is the intensity due to one of the speakers.
[Since the two loudspeakers are the same, we take Intensity at the centre of the field due be
same]
Further, we know that Intensity due to a sound source is inversely proportional to the distance
from the source.
That is the net intensity at a point one quarter away from one of the sources = 4I + 4I/9 = 40 I/9
[Since the distance from one of the speakers will be halved, the intensity becomes 4 times, while
for other the distance will become 3/2 times, hence the intensity will become 4/9 times]
Hence, the new sound intensity level = 10 log(40 I / 9 Io) = 10log [(20/9)*(2I/Io)] = 10log(20/9)
+ 71.6
Therefore, the net sound intensity level = 75.0679 dB.
Tube and Contents Molality 1 10 g dl NaCl 2 36 gal Na B 0.8 gdl. Na .pdf
Tube and Contents Molality 1 10 g dl NaCl 2 36 gal Na B 0.8 g/dl. Na 0.145 m 0.45 g dL NaCl
Approximately the concentration of seawater. Note: dL 100 mL. Milli osmolality 290 mosm
Visual Appearanc of RBCs
Solution
S. No. Tube and contents molarity osmolarity 1 10 g/dL 1.711 3.422 2 3.5 g/dL 0.599 1.198
3 0.85 g/dL 0.145 0.29 4 0.45 g/dL 0.077 0.154 5 0.20 g/dL 0.034 0.068.
At 50°C, PCR primers are able to access target DNA before template s.pdf
At 50°C, PCR primers are able to access target DNA before template strands can rejoin due
to...A. ) Template being forced apart by single stranded binding protein
Solution
Correct answer is option A and B. Template being forced apart by single stranded binding
proteins. Primers being more abundant than template.
SsBP do not allow the dna strands to anneal until the primer attaches to the template strand. They
help in more accurate PCR. Large number of primers means more chances of primers binding to
target DNA..
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of other biological materials, Ownership and period of protection
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/hqnndn05v4q5a4k4jd597rkdbda0fniiRecently uploaded (20)
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming .pdf
- 1. 1.If you examined pond water, did you notice any bacteria swimmming in "runs and tumbles"? Did you notice any swimming in more-or- less in straight lines? If yes, describe the cell morphology. 2. Motility because of flagell is the most common form of bacterial locomtoion, but some bacteria glide. If you examined pond water, did you notice any gliding cyanobacteria? if yes, descirbe the morphology. Solution 1.When bacteria undergoes random walks , it is called run and tubke method. Many many bacteria can be seen in the pond with Run and tumble methods this method is used by only those bacteria which have flagella When the flagella rotate clockwise it cause a Tumble but when they rotate counterclockwise it causes swimming motion Example of this bacteria is E e coli bacteria which uses the run and tumble method to randomly walk in the pond. The movement of these bacteria is due to chemical gradient that is caused due to the concentration of food If The bacteria realises that there is the concentration gradient of a food in one particular direction it gets attracted towards it and continues to walk in straight line. So these movements are the result of simply choosing between two methods of random movement that is tumbling and straight swimming, which is decided by the no. , postioning and structure of helical flagella and the concentration gradient