1.Fertilization.ppt
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This document discusses fertilization and early human development. It begins by defining fertilization as the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. It then describes the transportation of sperm and eggs, the normal sites of fertilization and implantation, and the phases of fertilization including capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and penetration of the corona radiata and zona pellucida. Next, it explains the development from zygote to morula to blastocyst over the first week as the blastocyst implants in the uterine mucosa.
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02 Fertilization & Implantation.ppt
Fertilization involves the fusion of an egg and sperm cell. It is a multi-stage process beginning with sperm penetration of the egg's outer layers and ending with the fusion of genetic material to form a single cell called a zygote. The zygote then undergoes cell division called cleavage as it travels through the fallopian tube. Around 6 days after fertilization, the blastocyst implants in the lining of the uterus, where it derives nourishment and establishes the beginnings of the placenta and embryonic development. Implantation normally occurs in the uterine wall, but can sometimes occur in abnormal locations leading to ectopic pregnancy.
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1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium around day 7, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in
I week of development
1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. Around day 7, the blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in ect
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The initial week of embryonic development is a vital period commencing with fertilization, leading to the creation of the zygote and early cell divisions. It's noteworthy that, throughout this week, the developing embryo remains in the pre-implantation stage, journeying from the fallopian tube toward the uterus. Key events such as fertilization, cleavage, and the formation of the blastocyst are crucial for the embryo's early development.
These events lay the foundation for subsequent processes in the following weeks. The successful implantation of the blastocyst into the uterus marks the transition from the first week to the second week of embryonic development.
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This document summarizes the key stages in human reproduction from ovulation through implantation. It describes how ovulation is triggered by hormones, followed by fertilization if sperm penetrate the egg's barriers. The zygote then undergoes cell division as it develops into a blastocyst, which implants in the uterine wall. Successful implantation depends on cellular interactions between the trophoblast and endometrium.
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The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis and fertilization. It describes how primary oocytes develop into mature eggs through meiosis and follicular maturation in females, and how spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa through spermatogenesis and meiosis in males. It then explains the processes of capacitation, acrosome reaction, ovulation, fertilization, pronuclear formation, and early embryonic cleavage that occur for successful conception and the formation of a zygote.
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This document discusses human embryology and fetal development. It defines key terms like gametogenesis, oogenesis, spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, zygote, morula, blastocyst, and implantation. It then provides details about oogenesis, the development of a mature ovum from the primitive germ cells. It also discusses spermatogenesis, the development of spermatids into mature spermatozoa. Finally, it describes the processes of fertilization, including the approximation and fusion of the gametes to form a zygote, initiating embryonic development.
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Fertilization involves the fusion of an egg and sperm cell. It is a multi-stage process beginning with sperm penetration of the egg's outer layers and ending with the fusion of genetic material to form a single cell called a zygote. The zygote then undergoes cell division called cleavage as it travels through the fallopian tube. Around 6 days after fertilization, the blastocyst implants in the lining of the uterus, where it derives nourishment and establishes the beginnings of the placenta and embryonic development. Implantation normally occurs in the uterine wall, but can sometimes occur in abnormal locations leading to ectopic pregnancy.
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1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
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1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. Around day 7, the blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in ect
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The initial week of embryonic development is a vital period commencing with fertilization, leading to the creation of the zygote and early cell divisions. It's noteworthy that, throughout this week, the developing embryo remains in the pre-implantation stage, journeying from the fallopian tube toward the uterus. Key events such as fertilization, cleavage, and the formation of the blastocyst are crucial for the embryo's early development.
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Gametogenesis is the process of developing mature gametes (eggs and sperm) through oogenesis in females and spermatogenesis in males. Oogenesis involves the development of primary oocytes from germ cells, which undergo meiosis to form one secondary oocyte and the first polar body. Upon fertilization, the secondary oocyte completes meiosis to form the ovum and second polar body. Spermatogenesis involves spermatogonia differentiating into spermatocytes and then spermatids through meiosis, which undergo maturation to form spermatozoa. Fertilization occurs when a spermatozoon fuses with an ovum in the fallopian tube, restoring the diplo
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The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis and fertilization. It describes how primary oocytes develop into mature eggs through meiosis and follicular maturation in females, and how spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa through spermatogenesis and meiosis in males. It then explains the processes of capacitation, acrosome reaction, ovulation, fertilization, pronuclear formation, and early embryonic cleavage that occur for successful conception and the formation of a zygote.
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Oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis are the processes of gamete and embryo formation. Oogenesis involves the growth of oogonia in females from fetal development through puberty, forming primary oocytes arrested in meiosis. Spermatogenesis in males involves spermatogonia differentiating into spermatocytes through meiosis and spermiogenesis. Embryogenesis begins with fertilization and cleavage, forming a blastocyst through implantation and gastrulation, establishing the three germ layers. Over 8 weeks, all major organ systems begin developing as the embryo undergoes folding and segmentation.
Lecture 1
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
Consultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
Fertilization
1. Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.
2. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes and determines the sex of the embryo.
3. A series of events must occur for fertilization to be successful, including capacitation of sperm, penetration of the zona pellucida, fusion of membranes, and formation of male and female pronuclei.
Tot presentation
Fertilization occurs when an ovum fuses with a sperm, leading to the development of an embryo. Sperm must travel through the female reproductive tract, confronting barriers like cervical mucus, before reaching the ampulla where fertilization occurs. Capacitation and the acrosome reaction prepare the sperm for fertilization. Gamete fusion results in the formation of a zygote containing male and female pronuclei. The zygote undergoes cleavage and develops into a blastocyst that implants in the uterus, initiating pregnancy. Pregnancy can be detected through urine or blood tests that detect human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced by the developing placenta.
Human fertilization
The document discusses the process of fertilization in mammals like humans. It begins with the anatomy of sperm and ova. Upon contact with sperm, the ova completes meiosis to become a mature egg. The sperm undergoes capacitation to prepare for fertilization. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The sperm binds to and penetrates the egg's extracellular barriers. This triggers activation of the egg and fusion of the male and female pronuclei, restoring diploidy. The zygote then undergoes cell division.
Ovulation to implantation
1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. This initiates cell division and the development of an embryo.
2) By day 5, the embryo has developed into a blastocyst stage and begins to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation is completed by day 12.
3) For successful implantation, the blastocyst must attach to the endometrium and the trophoblast cells must invade the uterine tissues to establish blood flow from the mother. This allows the embryo to receive nutrients for growth and development of a pregnancy.
Ouvulation to fertilization
1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. This initiates cell division and the development of an embryo.
2) By day 5, the embryo has developed into a blastocyst stage and begins to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation is completed by day 12.
3) For successful implantation, the blastocyst must attach to the endometrium and the trophoblast cells must invade the uterine tissues to establish blood flow from the mother. This allows the embryo to receive nutrients for growth and development of a pregnancy.
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The document summarizes key points about embryology, including fertilization, implantation, and ectopic pregnancies. It describes fertilization occurring when a sperm and ovum fuse, normally in the fallopian tubes. Implantation involves the blastocyst attaching to the uterine wall around 6-12 days after fertilization. Ectopic pregnancies occur when implantation happens outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Embryology
During the first 3 weeks of development, the zygote undergoes cleavage to become a morula, then a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants into the uterus between days 6-7. During the second week, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac form and the bilaminar disc develops. In the third week, gastrulation occurs forming the trilaminar disc. The notochord and neural tube begin developing, marking the start of the "period of threes" where the three germ layers and other structures form. This sets the stage for organogenesis in subsequent weeks.
fertilization.pptx
Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm to produce a new organism. It begins with the collision of sperm and egg and ends with the formation of a single-celled zygote. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division called cleavage over the next few days as it is transported down the fallopian tube through the uterus and into the womb. By the fourth day, it develops into a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst which implants in the uterine wall, where it continues to develop into an embryo.
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1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. Only a small fraction of sperm deposited make it to the fallopian tubes where they undergo changes to be able to fertilize the egg.
2) After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage as it travels down the fallopian tube. By 3 days, it has developed into a solid ball of cells called a morula.
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15 & 16 ther 608 sperm transport- fertilization-cleavage
The document summarizes the key events related to fertilization in mammals, including sperm transport through the female reproductive tract, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding and fusion, formation of male and female pronuclei, and early embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation. It describes the sequence of ovulation, sperm transport through the vagina, cervix, and oviducts where capacitation and the acrosome reaction occur in preparation for fertilization. The roles of enzymes in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion with the egg are also outlined, along with blocking of polyspermy and early mitotic divisions leading to a blastocyst.
Molecular basis of fertilization
Fertilization is the union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote. There are two types: external fertilization, where gametes are released into the environment, and internal fertilization, which occurs in nearly all terrestrial animals. For internal fertilization to occur, sperm must undergo a process of transport and capacitation to prepare for fertilizing the egg. Upon fertilization, a series of cellular events take place to prevent polyspermy, including cortical reaction, acrosomal reaction, and nuclear reaction, leading to the formation of a diploid zygote.
Fertilization.pdf
Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes, sperm and egg, fuse together forming a zygote. The main results of fertilization are:
1. Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg, restoring the normal human diploid number of 46 chromosomes.
2. Determination of the sex of the new individual. An X-carrying sperm produces a female (XX) embryo while a Y-carrying sperm produces a male (XY) embryo.
3. Initiation of cell division called cleavage. Without fertilization, the egg would degenerate within 24 hours of ovulation
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This document discusses the physiology of ovulation, menstruation, fertilization, and implantation. It provides details on:
1) Gametogenesis and oogenesis - the development of eggs and sperm through meiotic cell division.
2) The hormonal causes of ovulation, including the LH and FSH surges near midcycle.
3) The process of fertilization, including sperm migration in the fallopian tubes and penetration of the egg.
4) Early embryonic development from the zygote to morula and blastocyst stages over 5 days, and implantation in the uterine wall.
fertilizationnotes-140122140506-phpapp02.pptx
The document summarizes the process of fertilization. It begins with the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which triggers embryonic development. Fertilization internally joins the sperm and egg in the fallopian tubes through a series of steps, including capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and fusion. The union activates the egg and causes the formation of male and female pronuclei that fuse to form a single diploid nucleus, marking the start of the zygote.
Reproduction.pptx
The document discusses physiology changes that occur during pregnancy, labor, and lactation. It covers fertilization, implantation, placenta development, hormonal changes, and maternal responses. Specifically, it describes the sequential events of fertilization, hormonal regulation of pregnancy including hCG, progesterone and placental lactation. It also summarizes maternal responses like increased blood volume, metabolism and respiration to support the demands of pregnancy.
FERTILIZATION PPT.pptx
Fertilization is the process where an egg is fertilized by a sperm. It begins with the maturation and release of an egg (ovum) from the ovaries. In the fallopian tubes, millions of sperm travel and undergo changes to be able to fertilize the egg, involving enzymes that allow penetration of the egg's outer layers. If a sperm successfully fertilizes the egg within 24 hours, its nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form a single-celled zygote, marking the beginning of a new human life. Rapid cell division of the zygote then occurs as it travels down the fallopian tube.
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Lecture 1
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
Consultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
Fertilization
1. Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.
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3. A series of events must occur for fertilization to be successful, including capacitation of sperm, penetration of the zona pellucida, fusion of membranes, and formation of male and female pronuclei.
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Fertilization occurs when an ovum fuses with a sperm, leading to the development of an embryo. Sperm must travel through the female reproductive tract, confronting barriers like cervical mucus, before reaching the ampulla where fertilization occurs. Capacitation and the acrosome reaction prepare the sperm for fertilization. Gamete fusion results in the formation of a zygote containing male and female pronuclei. The zygote undergoes cleavage and develops into a blastocyst that implants in the uterus, initiating pregnancy. Pregnancy can be detected through urine or blood tests that detect human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced by the developing placenta.
Human fertilization
The document discusses the process of fertilization in mammals like humans. It begins with the anatomy of sperm and ova. Upon contact with sperm, the ova completes meiosis to become a mature egg. The sperm undergoes capacitation to prepare for fertilization. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The sperm binds to and penetrates the egg's extracellular barriers. This triggers activation of the egg and fusion of the male and female pronuclei, restoring diploidy. The zygote then undergoes cell division.
Ovulation to implantation
1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. This initiates cell division and the development of an embryo.
2) By day 5, the embryo has developed into a blastocyst stage and begins to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation is completed by day 12.
3) For successful implantation, the blastocyst must attach to the endometrium and the trophoblast cells must invade the uterine tissues to establish blood flow from the mother. This allows the embryo to receive nutrients for growth and development of a pregnancy.
Ouvulation to fertilization
1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. This initiates cell division and the development of an embryo.
2) By day 5, the embryo has developed into a blastocyst stage and begins to implant in the uterine wall. Implantation is completed by day 12.
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Embryology
During the first 3 weeks of development, the zygote undergoes cleavage to become a morula, then a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants into the uterus between days 6-7. During the second week, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac form and the bilaminar disc develops. In the third week, gastrulation occurs forming the trilaminar disc. The notochord and neural tube begin developing, marking the start of the "period of threes" where the three germ layers and other structures form. This sets the stage for organogenesis in subsequent weeks.
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Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm to produce a new organism. It begins with the collision of sperm and egg and ends with the formation of a single-celled zygote. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division called cleavage over the next few days as it is transported down the fallopian tube through the uterus and into the womb. By the fourth day, it develops into a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst which implants in the uterine wall, where it continues to develop into an embryo.
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1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube. Only a small fraction of sperm deposited make it to the fallopian tubes where they undergo changes to be able to fertilize the egg.
2) After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage as it travels down the fallopian tube. By 3 days, it has developed into a solid ball of cells called a morula.
3) The morula continues dividing and a fluid-filled cavity forms, transforming it into a blastocyst by 4-5 days. The blastocyst contains an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast cells that will form the pl
15 & 16 ther 608 sperm transport- fertilization-cleavage
The document summarizes the key events related to fertilization in mammals, including sperm transport through the female reproductive tract, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding and fusion, formation of male and female pronuclei, and early embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation. It describes the sequence of ovulation, sperm transport through the vagina, cervix, and oviducts where capacitation and the acrosome reaction occur in preparation for fertilization. The roles of enzymes in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion with the egg are also outlined, along with blocking of polyspermy and early mitotic divisions leading to a blastocyst.
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Fertilization is the union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote. There are two types: external fertilization, where gametes are released into the environment, and internal fertilization, which occurs in nearly all terrestrial animals. For internal fertilization to occur, sperm must undergo a process of transport and capacitation to prepare for fertilizing the egg. Upon fertilization, a series of cellular events take place to prevent polyspermy, including cortical reaction, acrosomal reaction, and nuclear reaction, leading to the formation of a diploid zygote.
Fertilization.pdf
Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes, sperm and egg, fuse together forming a zygote. The main results of fertilization are:
1. Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg, restoring the normal human diploid number of 46 chromosomes.
2. Determination of the sex of the new individual. An X-carrying sperm produces a female (XX) embryo while a Y-carrying sperm produces a male (XY) embryo.
3. Initiation of cell division called cleavage. Without fertilization, the egg would degenerate within 24 hours of ovulation
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This document discusses the physiology of ovulation, menstruation, fertilization, and implantation. It provides details on:
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2) The hormonal causes of ovulation, including the LH and FSH surges near midcycle.
3) The process of fertilization, including sperm migration in the fallopian tubes and penetration of the egg.
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The document summarizes the process of fertilization. It begins with the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which triggers embryonic development. Fertilization internally joins the sperm and egg in the fallopian tubes through a series of steps, including capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and fusion. The union activates the egg and causes the formation of male and female pronuclei that fuse to form a single diploid nucleus, marking the start of the zygote.
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The document discusses physiology changes that occur during pregnancy, labor, and lactation. It covers fertilization, implantation, placenta development, hormonal changes, and maternal responses. Specifically, it describes the sequential events of fertilization, hormonal regulation of pregnancy including hCG, progesterone and placental lactation. It also summarizes maternal responses like increased blood volume, metabolism and respiration to support the demands of pregnancy.
FERTILIZATION PPT.pptx
Fertilization is the process where an egg is fertilized by a sperm. It begins with the maturation and release of an egg (ovum) from the ovaries. In the fallopian tubes, millions of sperm travel and undergo changes to be able to fertilize the egg, involving enzymes that allow penetration of the egg's outer layers. If a sperm successfully fertilizes the egg within 24 hours, its nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form a single-celled zygote, marking the beginning of a new human life. Rapid cell division of the zygote then occurs as it travels down the fallopian tube.
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1.Fertilization.ppt
- 2. FERTILIZATION Dr. Shahid Hussain Soomro Chairman Department of anatomy CMC @ SMBBMU
- 3. OBJECTIVES What is fertilization? Transportation of gametes Normal and abnormal sites of fertilization and implantation Phase of fertilization. Factors responsible for movements of zygote toward uterine cavity.
- 4. o Process by which male & female gametes fuse to form zygote. o Usual site --- Ampulla of the uterine tube FERTILIZATION
- 5. Transportation of Gametes Transportation of oocytes Transportation of spermatocytes
- 6. SPERMATOZOA o Remain viable in the female reproductive tract for 72 hours o Travel from cervix to uterine tubes by propulsion.
- 7. SPERMATOZOA o Freshly ejaculated sperms are unable to fertilize oocyte immediately. o Must undergo a period of conditioning 1. Capacitation 2. Acrosome Reaction To acquire this capability
- 8. o Glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins are removed from the overlying acrosomal region of the spermatozoa. o Period of conditioning in female genital tract. o Lasts Approx: 07 Hours CAPACITATION
- 9. ACROSOMAL REACTION A complex phenomenon ( Reaction) which helps the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida, when capacitated sperm come in contact with corona radiata.
- 12. Phases of fertilization 1. Penetration of the corona radiata 2. Penetration of the zona pellucida 3. Fusion of the oocyte & sperm cell membrane
- 15. The ovum responds in three ways: 1. Cortical & zona reactions:- - The oocyte becomes impenetrable to other spermatozoa - Zona pellucida prevents sperm binding & penetration As the Sperm has entered the Ooctye
- 16. 2. Completion of 2nd meiotic division: - Formation of female pronucleus 3. Metabolic activation of the ovum: - Formation of male pronucleus - Both pronuclei are haploid o The Oocyte containing two Haploid pronuclei is called -- OOTID
- 17. RESULTS OF FERTILIZATION o Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes. -- The Ootid become a zygote o Determination of the chromosomal sex. o Initiation of cleavage.
- 19. Cleavage o Zygote undergo series of mitotic divisions o Resulting into rapid increase in number of cells - Blastomeres o Cleavage begins 30 hours after fertilization
- 20. o Approx: 03 days after fertilization - A 16 cell mass formed - Morula Containing o Inner cell mass (Embryoblast) o Outer cell mass (Trophoblast) Morula
- 22. Blastocyst formation o About 4th day, a Cavity (Blastocele) appears inside the Morula. o Called - Blastocyst
- 23. BLASTOCYST cont……. o Inner cell mass -- Shifted on one pole (Embryoblast) o Outer cell mass – Forms (Trophoblast) Embryonic part of the Epithelial wall of Placenta the Blasotcyst
- 24. o Zona Pellucida disappeared o At 6th day, blastocyst (Trophoblastic cells over the Embryoblast Pole) begin to penetrate the uterine mucosa -- Implantation. BLASTOCYST cont…….
- 26. 1st week of development Summary: o By the end of 1st week the human zygote has passed through the Morula & Blastocyst stages & has begun implantation in the uterine mucosa