The document discusses the basic needs of humans, animals and plants. It explains that all living things require food, shelter, air and water to survive. Humans need these basics to breathe, gain energy, grow and stay healthy. Animals also need shelter, air and water for the same reasons. Plants need air, sunlight and water to grow healthy and not wilt. The document then analyzes various life processes of humans, animals and plants including breathing, reproduction, responding to stimuli, excretion and more. It describes how certain behaviors can disturb human life processes like smoking, drinking and drugs.

3. Basic Needs
Of Human
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from
• danger
• extreme weather
• sun & rain
Give energy
Grow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

4. Basic Needs
Of Animals
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from
• danger
• extreme weather
• sun & rain
Give energy
Grow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs
Types :
• holes
• cave
• nest
• beehive

5. Plants Have Basic Needs
Air SunlightWater
With :
• grow healthy
• grow well
• not wilted
Without :
• wilted
• Turn yellow
• Die
1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

6. 2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo
Analysing Life Processes That
Human Undergo
Respond To
Stimuli
Breathing
Reproduce
Organs
Inhale – take in air
Exhale – give out air
Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs
A process to produce
Their young or offspring
Rate of breath
Number of chest movement
In a period of time
Organs
Eyes - Sight
Nose - Smell
Tongue - Taste
Ears - Sound
Skin - Touch
Excrete Defecate
Lungs
( Carbon dioxide
+ water vapour )
Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )
Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )
Faeces
Purpose :
• avoid danger
• avoid getting hurt
• avoid getting injured
• to survive

7. 2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes
Behaviour That Can Disturb
Life Processes
Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol
Effects
• Lung cancer
• Coughing
Effects
• Delay respond to stimuli
• Lose ability to walk in straight line
• Can cause accidents
How to avoid
Participate in a campaign
Discourage among their peers

8. 2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo
Animals Life Processes
BreathingExcrete Reproduce
Lay Eggs Give BirthOrgans
Lungs
• monkey
• bird
• whale
Gills
• fish
• prawn
Lungs-book
• crab
Moist
Skin
• frog
• earthworm
Trachea
Structure
• insects
Defecate
To get rid of waste product
from their bodies cat
tiger
bat
whale
butterfly
bird

9. 2.4
Life processes
plants undergo
plants respond to stimuli.
water, sunlight, touch, gravity.
why plants need to reproduce
to ensure the survival of the species.
various ways plants reproduce
through…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting,
leaves, underground stem.
what will happen to the world if
plants do not reproduce.
no food supply.
plants reproduce.
Seeds – balsam, corn, durian
Spores – fern, mushroom
Suckers – banana, pineapple
Stem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapioca
Leaves – bryophyllum, begonia
Stem – potato, onion, ginger and lily
the part of plant that responds
to touch.
the part of plant that responds
to sunlight.
Shoot
the part of plant that responds
to gravity.
Roots
the part of plant that responds
to water
Roots
Science Year 4
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes

10. Special characteristics
of animals that protect them
from danger.
special behaviour
of animals that protect them
from danger.
The special characteristics and
behaviour of animals help to
protect them from danger.
3.1 animals have specific characteristics and
behaviour to protect themselves
Thick and hard skin
To prevent their enemies from injuring
Hard shell
Snails and tortoise retract their head
And legs into the shell when the are
Attacked by enemies
Hard scales
Pangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales To protect their bodies
from injuries
Spines
Raise the sharp spines when
the enemies
Advance towards them
Horns
Use their horn to attack enemies.
Sharp claws
To protect themselves and their
Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,
Bears, and eagle.
Spray black ink
Dark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies
– e.g: octopus, squid
Poisonous sting or fangs
Can hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,
centipede snake , bee.
Camouflage
Has body colour or patterns that that are
Similar to the surrounding
Pretend to dead
To trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle

11. 3.2/3.3
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive
how specific characteristics and
behavior of animals help to protect
them from very hot or cold weather.
specific characteristics and
behavior of animals that protect
them from very hot and cold weather.
Hot weather Cold weather
Wrinkled Skin
Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes
lose body heat through wrinkled skins
Wallowing
Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes
keep their body cool by wallowing in
mud holes
Humps
Camels store food and water in the form
Of fats in the humps on their back.
Thick Fur
Polar bears have thick fur to prevent the body
From losing heat to cold surroundings.
Fat Layers Under The Skins
Penguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Small Ears
Seals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
Heat loss from their bodies.
Hibernate
Polar bears hibernates during extreme cold
Weather

12. 3.4 Plants have
specific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemy
The specific characteristics
of plants that protect them
from enemies
How the specific
characteristics of
plants help to
protect them
from enemies.
characteristics that
protect plants.
Have thorns
poisonous
Have fine hairs
Produces
latex
Close leaflets
when touch

13. 3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to
protect themselves from dry region and
strong wind
strong winddry region
Eg : cactus
.
a. Long roots to absorb water
b. Succulent stem can store
water
d. Thorn can can prevent
the excessive loss of
water
Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree,
mangrove tree
a. Have stems that bend easily
b. Have buttress roots
c. Have separated leaves
d. Needle- shaped leaves

14. INVESTIGATING FORCE AND
ENERGY

15. Volume
MEASUREMENT1.1
Length
1.2
Area
1.5
Mass
1.6
Time
1.7 Standard
units
1.3
Solid
1.4
Liquid

16. 1.1Length
Terminology
- The distance
between two
points/place/position
Ways to measure
Measuring tape
Cubit
Arm spanString
Ruler
Standard Tools
Measuring tape Ruler
Unit
mm cm m km
Correct technique
- The eye must be
directly above the
end of object

17. 1.2 Area
- Area is the amount of
Space taken up by the
surface of an object.
Terminology
- Using square card with a
sides of 1 centimetre
Standard unit
- Square millimetre (mm2
)
- Square centimetre (cm2
)
- Square metre (m2
)
- Square kilometre (km2
)
- Using formula
Area = length X width
1cm
1cm
Different ways to measure area
2cm
4cm
= 4cm X 2 cm
= 8cm2
3cm
3cm
- by placing uniform
objects such as tiles,
books and stamps
on the surface of
the objects

18. Volume
Terminology
The amount of space that
something takes up
1.3 Solid
1.4 Liquid
Formula
Length x width x height
Standard Units
mm3, cm3
, m3
Tools
Standard Units
measuring
cylinder
ml, l
Correct technique
a) taking the reading at the
lowest part of the meniscus.
b) eyes must be at the same level
as the lowest part of the meniscus

19. 1.5 Mass
Terminology
- Amount of matter in
an object
Tools
Electronic
balance
Simple
balance
Beam
balance
Kitchen
scale
Bathroom
scale
Lever
balance
Standard unit
mg g kg
Correct technique

20. 1.6 Time
Terminology
- Duration between
two event
Way to measure
- Sundial , sand clock
, candle clock
Process that repeats uniformly
can be used to measure time
-Swinging pendulum
-Pulse rate candle
-water dripping
-Changing day and night
Tool
Standard unit
- Second , minute , hour
- Digital clock , watch ,
wrist watch , clock
Old clock
Events can be used measuring time

21. 1.7 The Importance of Standard Units
- for accuracy and
consistency
- easy to communicate
and understanding

22. Investigating
Materials

23. 1.1
The properties of materials
Insulator
Float on water
Conduct
electricity
metal
conduct heatSink in water
Light to pass
through
Can be stretch
wood
stone rubber ring
glasscarbon plastics
metalwood

24. 1.2
Applying knowledge
properties of materials in everyday life
Suggest ways
to keep things hot
Covered with insulators
Suggest ways
to keep things cold
hot thing cold thing
To prevent
heat loss
prevent from
absorbing heat

25. 1.3
Uses of
materials based on their properties
List of object
and materials that they
are made of
object materials properties
spoon metal hard
tissue wood Soft
glasses glass transparent
Reason why particular
materials are used to
make an object
cheap
easy to get
strength
good quality

26. natural
materials
Man-made
materials
wood metal
rubber
cotton plastics synthetic cloth
glass
State that man-made materials
comes from natural materials
reducing reusing recycling
public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass
1.4
The importance of
reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

27. RUSTING CAN PREVENTED
DIFFERENT WAYS TO
PREVENT OBJECTS FROM
RUSTING
Coating with non
rusting materials
*paint
*oil
*grease
THE NECESSARY TO
PREVENT RUSTING
*Everlasting Live
*Save Natural
material
*Save Cost
*Looking good
1.6
*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact
with air and water.

28. UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME
MATERIALS CAN BE RUST
RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY
OBJECTS
OBJECT MADE OF
IRON AND STEEL
OBJECT MADE OF
GLASS PLASTIC,
WOOD, CLAY AND SILK
*Nail
*Spoon
*Knife
*Needle
*Glass
*Bottle
*Cup
*Pencil

29. INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH
AND
THE UNIVERSE

30. 1.1
The solar system
List of
constituents
List of planets
Planets
move around
the Sun
-Nine Planets
-Natural satellites
-Meteors
-Comets
-Asteroids
Mercury – My
Venus – Very
Earth – Excellent
Mars – Mother
Jupiter – Just
Saturn – Served
Uranus – Us
Neptune – Nine
Pluto – Pudding
THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM

31. 1.2 The relative size
and distance between
the Earth, the Moon
and the Sun
Size of the Sun
relative to the size
of the Earth.
Size of the Earth
relative to the size
of the Moon.
The relative distance from
the Earth to the Sun compared
to the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon.
the Sun
1
the Earth
100
the Earth
1
the Moon
4
the Sun
the Earth the Moon
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400

32. 1.3
Appreciating the perfect placement
of the planet Earth in the
Solar System
Why certain planets
are not conducive
for living things.
EFFECTThe Earth is
the only planet in the
Solar System that
has living things.
•The nearer a planet to the Sun is,
the hotter is the surface of the planet .
•The farther a planet from the Sun is,
the colder is the surface of the planet.
•Do not have enough air and water.
•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light
and heat from the Sun.
•It is not too hot or too cold.
•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water
on Earth.
Much nearer :
•The temperature on the Earth would rise.
•Water on Earth would evaporate.
•No water and the temperature would be
very hot.
Much farther :
•The temperature on the Earth would drop.
•Water would freeze into ice.
•All living things would die.

33. INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY

34. 1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life
Limitation of human ability
Examples of human limitations are
• Unable to see fine objects
•Unable to speak loud
•Unable to walk for long distance
•Unable to see far away objects
Devices to overcome
human limitation
Microscope
- The usage of lens to see fine
features of objects and microbes
Microphone
-To increase the voice volume
Telephone
-To communicate from long distance
Bicycle, motorcycle, airplanes
-Can travel long distance
in a shorter time
Telescope, binocular
- To see far away objects

35. TECHNOLOGY
1.2
Understanding The
Development Of
Technology
Agriculture
e.g.:
hoe plough tractor
combine harvester
Transportation
Land: Animal bicycle
car train
Air: hot air balloon airship
glider aeroplane
Water: canoe raft
sampan ferry
ship
Communication
Drawing carrier pigeon
Telephone
Construction
Cave hut wooden house
apartment
Examples

36. Problems they
encounter in their daily life
TECHNOLOGY
Ideas to solve
the problems identified
Device to solve
the problem identified.
Demonstrate that device
invented can be used to
solve the problem
identified
1.3
Synthesising
how technology
can be used to
solve problems
Cannot move and lift heavy thing
Cannot move farther
Sketch the model
Brain storming
lever
wheelbarrow
Pully – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavything easily

37. 1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely
Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology
•Communication
Enable human to learn more about
things happening around the world
•Transportation
Enable human to travel
far away places in shorter time
•Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants
and harvest their crops
•Construction
Roads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build
Environmental pollution from increase
In waste materials
Environmental destruction result from
excessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from
environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals