The document discusses various topics related to investigating living things and life processes. It provides information on the basic needs of humans and animals, as well as the basic needs of plants. It also analyzes different life processes that humans, animals and plants undergo, such as breathing, excreting, and reproducing. Furthermore, it discusses specific characteristics and behaviors of animals that help protect them from dangers, extreme weather, and enemies. Lastly, it covers specific characteristics of plants that help protect them from enemies and dry regions.

1. MIND MAP YEAR 4

2. INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

9. 2.4 Life processes plants undergo plants respond to stimuli. water, sunlight, touch, gravity. why plants need to reproduce to ensure the survival of the species. various ways plants reproduce through…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem. what will happen to the world if plants do not reproduce. no food supply. plants reproduce. Seeds – balsam, corn, durian Spores – fern, mushroom Suckers – banana, pineapple Stem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapioca Leaves – bryophyllum, begonia Stem – potato, onion, ginger and lily the part of plant that responds to touch. the part of plant that responds to sunlight. Shoot the part of plant that responds to gravity. Roots the part of plant that responds to water Roots Science Year 4 INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS 2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes

10. Special characteristics of animals that protect them from danger. special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger. The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger. 3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves Thick and hard skin To prevent their enemies from injuring Hard shell Snails and tortoise retract their head And legs into the shell when the are Attacked by enemies Hard scales Pangolins and crocodiles have hard scales To protect their bodies from injuries Spines Raise the sharp spines when the enemies Advance towards them Horns Use their horn to attack enemies. Sharp claws To protect themselves and their Young from the enemies- lion ,cat, Bears, and eagle. Spray black ink Dark surrounding helps the animal not to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid Poisonous sting or fangs Can hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion, centipede snake , bee. Camouflage Has body colour or patterns that that are Similar to the surrounding Pretend to dead To trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle

11. 3.2/3.3 Animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from extreme weather and survive how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather. specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect them from very hot and cold weather. Hot weather Cold weather Wrinkled Skin Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes lose body heat through wrinkled skins Wallowing Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes Humps Camels store food and water in the form Of fats in the humps on their back. Thick Fur Polar bears have thick fur to prevent the body From losing heat to cold surroundings. Fat Layers Under The Skins Penguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under their skin to keep their bodies warm Small Ears Seals and Walruses have small ears to prevent Heat loss from their bodies. Hibernate Polar bears hibernates during extreme cold Weather

12. 3.4 Plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from enemy Th e specific characteristics of plants that protect them from enemies How the specific characteristics of plants help to protect them from enemies. characteristics that protect plants. Have thorns poisonous Have fine hairs Produces latex Close leaflets when touch

14. INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

15. MEASUREMENT Volume 1.1 Length 1.2 Area 1.5 Mass 1.6 Time 1.7 Standard units 1.3 Solid 1.4 Liquid

16. 1.1Length Terminology - The distance between two points/place/position Ways to measure Measuring tape Cubit Arm span String Ruler Standard Tools Measuring tape Ruler Unit mm cm m km Correct technique - The eye must be directly above the end of object

18. Volume Terminology The amount of space that something takes up 1.3 Solid 1.4 Liquid Formula Length x width x height Standard Units mm3, cm 3 , m 3 Tools Standard Units measuring cylinder ml, l Correct technique a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus. b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus

19. 1.5 Mass Terminology - Amount of matter in an object Tools Electronic balance Simple balance Beam balance Kitchen scale Bathroom scale Lever balance Standard unit mg g kg Correct technique

21. 1.7 The Importance of Standard Units - for accuracy and consistency - easy to communicate and understanding

22. Investigating Materials

23. 1.1 The properties of materials Insulator Float on water Conduct electricity metal conduct heat Sink in water Light to pass through Can be stretch wood stone rubber ring glass carbon plastics metal wood

24. 1.2 Applying knowledge properties of materials in everyday life Suggest ways to keep things hot Covered with insulators Suggest ways to keep things cold hot thing cold thing To prevent heat loss prevent from absorbing heat

25. 1.3 Uses of materials based on their properties List of object and materials that they are made of Reason why particular materials are used to make an object cheap easy to get strength good quality transparent glass glasses Soft wood tissue hard metal spoon properties materials object

26. natural materials Man-made materials wood metal rubber cotton plastics synthetic cloth glass State that man-made materials comes from natural materials reducing reusing recycling public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass 1.4 The importance of reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

27. RUSTING CAN BE PREVENTED DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM RUSTING Coating with non rusting materials *paint *oil *grease THE NECESSARY TO PREVENT RUSTING *Everlasting Live *Save Natural material *Save Cost *Looking good 1.6 *Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.

28. UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME MATERIALS CAN BE RUST RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY OBJECTS OBJECT MADE OF IRON AND STEEL OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC, WOOD, CLAY AND SILK *Nail *Spoon *Knife *Needle *Glass *Bottle *Cup *Pencil

29. INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

31. 1.2 The relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun Size of the Sun relative to the size of the Earth. Size of the Earth relative to the size of the Moon. The relative distance from the Earth to the Sun compared to the relative distance from the Earth to the Moon. the Sun 1 the Earth 100 the Earth 1 the Moon 4 the Sun the Earth the Moon 150 000 000 km 382 500 km 1 : 400

33. INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

36. Problems they encounter in their daily life TECHNOLOGY Ideas to solve the problems identified Device to solve the problem identified . Demonstrate that device invented can be used to solve the problem identified 1.3 Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems Cannot move and lift heavy thing Cannot move farther Sketch the model Brain storming lever wheelbarrow Pulley – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily