Gout is a metabolic disease caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. It results in painful inflammation of the joints, most commonly the big toe. Gout occurs when uric acid crystallizes and deposits in cartilage and surrounding tissues. Risk factors include genetics, diet high in purine-rich foods, alcohol consumption, and impaired excretion of uric acid. Treatment focuses on pain relief, reducing inflammation, immobilizing affected joints, and maintaining normal uric acid levels long-term through lifestyle changes and medication.