2. It is a metabolic disorders where crystals of sodium Urate deposit in tissue.
Follows a prolonged period where uric acid levels in blood are raised.
It is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness
in the joints.
3. Word gout is derived from Latin word “gutta” meaning ‘drop’.
The notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the
joints.
First identified by the Egyptians in 2640 BC.
Later recognized by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC, who referred to it as 'the un-
walkable disease'.
It’s been referred to as the 'disease of kings'.
As gout has been associated with rich foods and excessive alcohol consumption.
4. • Idiopathic
• Heridity
• Sex
• Diet
• Obesity
• Medical conditions
• Certain medications
• Recent surgery or trauma
5. Evolves through FOUR stages
1 Asymptomatic stage
2 Acute attacks
3 Intercritical gout
4 Chronic tophaceous gout
6.
7. 1) Intense pain and swelling.
2) Feet may feel warm.
3) Hard lumps called trophi may develop in joints.
4) Sudden and severe pain usually in the middle of the night or early
mornings.
5) Either tenderness or stiffness of joints
6) Inflammation of joints
7) Reddish or purplish discoloration of joints
8) Gout frequently affects the large joint of the big toe, but can also affect
the forefoot, ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers.
8. •Joint fluid test:Joint conditions like arthritis, gout, infections, and bleeding
disorders can change how your synovial fluid looks and feels.
•Blood Test: doctor may recommend a blood test to measure the levels of uric acid and
creatinine in your blood.
•X-Ray imaging: An X-ray of the joint may show the deposition of uric acid crystals.
However, X-rays can be normal even when gout is present. Thus, not much reliable.
•Ultrasound: Ultrasound findings in gout include joint effusion, synovitis, and erosions.
Ultrasound is more sensitive than clinical examination in detecting joint effusion in gout
•Dual energy CT scan: Dual energy CT, also known as spectral CT, is a computed
tomography technique that uses two separate x-ray photon energy spectra. It is advance
form of X-Ray.
9. Can be treated in TWO ways:
•Medication
•Dietary management
MEDICATION:
•NASIDS: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
•Colchicine: is used to prevent or treat attacks of gout.
•Corticosteroids: drugs that imitate the corticosteroids that are naturally produced
by your own body and may help reduce swelling, redness and pain in joints.
•Allopurinol: is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levelsIt is taken
by mouth or injected into a vein.
•Probenecid: is a medication that increases uric acid excretion in the urine. It is
primarily used in treating gout and hyperuricemia.
10. A few major high-purine foods, moderately-high-purine foods and high-
fructose foods to AVOID:
•All organ meats: These include liver, kidneys, sweetbreads and brain
•Game meats: Examples include pheasant, veal and venison
•Fish: Herring, trout, mackerel, tuna, sardines, anchovies, haddock and more
•Other seafood: Scallops, crab, shrimp and roe
•Sugary beverages: Especially fruit juices and sugary sodas
•Added sugars: Honey, agave nectar and high-fructose corn syrup
•Yeasts: Nutritional yeast, brewer's yeast and other yeast supplements.
•Additionally, refined carbs like white bread, cakes and cookies should be avoided. Although they
are not high in purines or fructose, they are low in nutrients and may raise your uric acid levels
11. •Limit or eliminate alcoholic beverages.
•Drink plenty of water.
•Exercise daily.
•Add coffee to your daily diet.
•Eating cherries have reported to lower the levels of uric acid.
Ingest fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C
